748 research outputs found
Looking for Echo in George Du Maurierâs Trilby: An Intermedial Perspective
Lâarticle porte sur la figure dâĂcho dans Trilby de George Du Maurier (1894). Le rĂ©cit, bien que centrĂ© sur la voix de lâhĂ©roĂŻne, et saturĂ© de rĂ©fĂ©rences mythologiques, ne fait pas apparaĂźtre le nom de la nymphe. Nous expliquerons ainsi ce paradoxe : lâhypothĂšse est quâil sâagit dâune « allusion latente » qui met le lecteur en alerte face aux motifs de la rĂ©pĂ©tition et du dĂ©doublement du corps de la chanteuse. Les analyses portent aussi bien sur le texte du roman que sur certaines des illustrations de lâauteur. Un recueil dâessais de Roland Barthes publiĂ© en anglais sous le titre Image Music Text (1977), en particulier âThe Grain of the Voiceâ, fournit le cadre de rĂ©fĂ©rence thĂ©orique de lâarticle. La mise en perspective du texte et des images du roman avec diverses Ćuvres picturales (peintures dâEdgar Degas et de Thomas Eakins, photographie de Julia Margaret Cameron, dessin de J.J. Grandville) permet de saisir la portĂ©e mythique, sociale et culturelle du corps et de la voix de lâartiste, ainsi que de la musique comme art supĂ©rieur, faisant dâĂcho une figure symbolique de la place ambivalente de la femme dans la littĂ©rature et la sociĂ©tĂ© victorienne.This article deals with the figure of Echo in George Du Maurierâs Trilby (1894). The narrative is centred on the heroineâs voice, and contains numerous mythological references, and yet there is no mention of the nymph. I posit that Du Maurier is using a âlatent allusionâ, which attracts the readerâs attention through motifs like repetition, and the doubling/dismembering of the singerâs body. My analysis focuses both on the novel itself and its authorial illustrations. I will take my theoretical framework from a collection of essays by Roland Barthes, published in English as Image Music Text (1977), and especially from âThe Grain of the Voiceâ. I will also compare the texts and images from the novel with a selection of pictorial works (paintings by Edgar Degas and Thomas Eakins, a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, and a drawing by J.J. Grandville), in order to capture the mythical, social and cultural significance of the artistâs voice and body, as well as the notion of music as a superior art form, in which Echo emerges as a symbolic figure, representative of the ambivalent position of women in Victorian literature and society
Proteomic and functional analyses of the virion transmembrane proteome of cyprinid herpesvirus 3
Virion transmembrane proteins (VTPs) mediate key functions in the herpesvirus infectious cycle. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses. The present study was devoted to CyHV-3 VTPs. Using mass spectrometry approaches, we identified 16 VTPs of the CyHV-3 FL strain. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that eight of these proteins are essential for viral growth in vitro (ORF32, ORF59, ORF81, ORF83, ORF99, ORF106, ORF115, and ORF131), and eight are non-essential (ORF25, ORF64, ORF65, ORF108, ORF132, ORF136, ORF148, and ORF149). Among the non-essential proteins, deletion of ORF25, ORF132, ORF136, ORF148, or ORF149 affects viral replication in vitro, and deletion of ORF25, ORF64, ORF108, ORF132, or ORF149 impacts plaque size. Lack of ORF148 or ORF25 causes attenuation in vivo to a minor or major extent, respectively. The safety and efficacy of a virus lacking ORF25 were compared to those of a previously described vaccine candidate deleted for ORF56 and ORF57 (Î56-57). Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that the ORF25 deleted virus infects fish through skin infection and then spreads to internal organs as reported previously for the wild-type parental virus and the Î56-57 virus. However, compared to the parental wild-type virus, the replication of the ORF25 deleted virus was reduced in intensity and duration to levels similar to those observed for the Î56-57 virus. Vaccination of fish with a virus lacking ORF25 was safe but had low efficacy at the doses tested. This characterization of the virion transmembrane proteome of CyHV-3 provides a firm basis for further research on alloherpesvirus VTPs.
IMPORTANCE Virion transmembrane proteins play key roles in the biology of herpesviruses. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses and the causative agent of major economic losses in common and koi carp worldwide. In this study of the virion transmembrane proteome of CyHV-3, the major findings were: (i) the FL strain encodes 16 virion transmembrane proteins; (ii) eight of these proteins are essential for viral growth in vitro; (iii) seven of the non-essential proteins affect viral growth in vitro, and two affect virulence in vivo; and (iv) a mutant lacking ORF25 is highly attenuated but induces moderate immune protection. This study represents a major breakthrough in understanding the biology of CyHV-3 and will contribute to the development of prophylactic methods. It also provides a firm basis for the further research on alloherpesvirus virion transmembrane proteins
Three-dimensional right-ventricular regional deformation and survival in pulmonary hypertension
International audienceBackground: Survival in pulmonary hypertension (PH) relates to right ventricular (RV) function. However, the RV unique anatomy and structure limit 2D analysis and its regional 3D function has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to assess the implications of global and regional 3D RV deformation on clinical condition and survival in adults with PH and healthy controls.Methods and Results: We collected a prospective longitudinal cohort of 104 consecutive PH patients and 34 healthy controls between September 2014 and December 2015. Acquired 3D transthoracic RV echocardiographic sequences were analysed by semi- automatic software (TomTec 4D RV-Function 2.0). Output meshes were post-processed to extract regional motion and deformation. Global and regional statistics provided deformation patterns for each subgroup of subjects.RV lateral and inferior regions showed the highest deformation. In PH patients, RV global and regional motion and deformation (both circumferential, longitudinal and area strain) were affected in all segments (p-18% was the most powerful RV function parameter, identifying patients with a 48%-increased risk of death (AUC 0.83 [0.74-0.90], p<0.001).Conclusions: RV strain patterns gradually worsen in PH patients and provide independent prognostic information in this population
The ATLAS3D project - XXVII : Cold gas and the colours and ages of early-type galaxies
Date of Acceptance: 16/12/2013We present a study of the cold gas contents of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies, in the context of their optical colours, near-ultraviolet colours and HÎČ absorption line strengths. Early-type (elliptical and lenticular) galaxies are not as gas poor as previously thought, and at least 40 per cent of local early-type galaxies are now known to contain molecular and/or atomic gas. This cold gas offers the opportunity to study recent galaxy evolution through the processes of cold gas acquisition, consumption (star formation) and removal. Molecular and atomic gas detection rates range from 10 to 34 per cent in red sequence early-type galaxies, depending on how the red sequence is defined, and from 50 to 70 per cent in blue early-type galaxies. Notably, massive red sequence early-type galaxies (stellar masses >5 Ă 1010 Mâ, derived from dynamical models) are found to have HâI masses up to M(HâI)/M* ⌠0.06 and H2 masses up to M(H2)/M* ⌠0.01. Some 20 per cent of all massive early-type galaxies may have retained atomic and/or molecular gas through their transition to the red sequence. However, kinematic and metallicity signatures of external gas accretion (either from satellite galaxies or the intergalactic medium) are also common, particularly at stellar masses â€5 Ă 1010 Mâ, where such signatures are found in âŒ50 per cent of H2-rich early-type galaxies. Our data are thus consistent with a scenario in which fast rotator early-type galaxies are quenched former spiral galaxies which have undergone some bulge growth processes, and in addition, some of them also experience cold gas accretion which can initiate a period of modest star formation activity. We discuss implications for the interpretation of colourâmagnitude diagramsPeer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
The Atlas3D project -- XIII. Mass and morphology of HI in early-type galaxies as a function of environment
We present the Atlas3D HI survey of 166 nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs)
down to M(HI)~10^7 M_sun. We detect HI in ~40% of all ETGs outside the Virgo
cluster and in ~10% of all ETGs inside it. This demonstrates that it is common
for non-cluster ETGs to host HI. The HI morphology varies from regular
discs/rings (the majority of the detections) to unsettled gas distributions.
The former are either small discs (M(HI)<10^8 M_sun) confined within the
stellar body and sharing the same kinematics of the stars, or large discs/rings
(M(HI) up to 5x10^9 M_sun) extending to tens of kpc from the host galaxy and
frequently kinematically decoupled from the stars. Neutral hydrogen provides
material for star formation in ETGs. Galaxies with central HI exhibit
signatures of star formation in ~70% of the cases, ~5 times more frequently
than galaxies without central HI. The central ISM is dominated by molecular
gas. In ETGs with a small gas disc the conversion of HI into H_2 is as
efficient as in spirals. The ETG HI mass function has M*~2x10^9 M_sun and
slope=-0.7. ETGs host much less HI than spirals as a family. However, a
significant fraction of them is as HI-rich as spirals. The main difference
between ETGs and spirals is that the former lack the high-column-density HI
typical of the bright stellar disc of the latter. We find an envelope of
decreasing M(HI) with increasing environment density. The gas-richest ETGs live
in the poorest environments (where star-formation is more common), galaxies in
the centre of Virgo have the lowest HI content, and the cluster outskirts are a
transition region. We find an HI morphology-density relation. At low
environment density HI is mostly distributed on large discs/rings. More
disturbed HI morphologies dominate environment densities typical of rich
groups, confirming the importance of processes occurring on a galaxy-group
scale for the evolution of ETGs.Comment: Accepted for publication on MNRA
Cartographie des forĂȘts anciennes de France : objectifs, bilan et perspectives
Il y a dix ans dĂ©marraient les premiers travaux de vectorisation, Ă l'Ă©chelle rĂ©gionale, des forĂȘts de la carte d'Etat-Major, en vue de l'Ă©tablissement d'une carte nationale des forĂȘts Ă longue continuitĂ© de l'Ă©tat boisĂ©. OĂč en est-on aujourd'hui ? Nous faisons le point de l'avancement des travaux et en tirons les premiers enseignements, en rĂ©pondant aux questions suivantes : Quels sont les dĂ©finitions et concepts sous-jacents Ă ces travaux ? Pourquoi cartographier les forĂȘts dites "anciennes" ou "rĂ©centes" ? L'analyse des institutions ayant rĂ©alisĂ© le travail montre que ce sont principalement les milieux de la conservation qui ont Ă©tĂ© moteurs dans ces travaux. Mais la production et la qualitĂ© des produits bois sont aussi concernĂ©s par cette cartographie. Le rĂŽle actuel de puits de carbone des forĂȘts françaises ne peut par exemple se comprendre qu'au travers de cette dynamique forestiĂšre ancienne. Pourquoi une focalisation sur la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du XIXe siĂšcle comme date de rĂ©fĂ©rence ? Que signifie la notion de minimum forestier ? Quelles en sont les limites ? Quels sont les supports de donnĂ©es les plus intĂ©ressantes pour cette cartographie ? Pourquoi la carte d'Etat-Major est une source particuliĂšre d'information, dans l'objectif de la cartographie des forĂȘts anciennes, parmi la multitude de cartes ou statistiques disponibles Ă diffĂ©rentes dates et Ă©chelles ? Quelles sont les mĂ©thodes d'acquisition de la donnĂ©e ? Quelle est la prĂ©cision spatiale des cartes d'occupation du sol obtenues ? Les principaux problĂšmes posĂ©s par l'utilisation de la carte d'Etat-Major seront prĂ©sentĂ©s, ainsi que la façon dont diffĂ©rents projets y ont rĂ©pondu. Quels rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus ? Nous reviendrons entre autres sur l'estimation de la surface forestiĂšre française Ă la date de son minimum. Les cartes dĂ©jĂ rĂ©alisĂ©es, sur 33% du territoire, permettent de dessiner avec prĂ©cision et de comparer les changements d'occupation du sol dans diffĂ©rentes rĂ©gions de France, en termes de pourcentage de dĂ©boisement, reboisement et taux de forĂȘt ancienne dans la forĂȘt actuelle. Les Ă©volutions du couvert forestier issues d'autres sources non cartographiques sont-elles confirmĂ©es ? Le lien avec le type de propriĂ©tĂ© fonciĂšre est particuliĂšrement intĂ©ressant Ă analyser. Dans plusieurs zones de France (PyrĂ©nĂ©es, Luberon, Alpes, Lorraine, Nord-Pas-de-Calais...) ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s des croisements entre ces cartes et les bases de donnĂ©es rĂ©gionales de relevĂ©s floristiques (Inventaire forestier national, conservatoires botaniques). Ce nouveau type d'analyse permet d'identifier rapidement les espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales liĂ©es Ă la continuitĂ© de l'Ă©tat boisĂ©, dites espĂšces de forĂȘts anciennes, et les traits de vie qui leur sont associĂ©s. Nous prĂ©senterons une synthĂšse de ces rĂ©sultats. Dans la moitiĂ© des zones dĂ©jĂ cartographiĂ©es, ce sont toutes les occupations du sol anciennes qui ont Ă©tĂ© numĂ©risĂ©es et non seulement les forĂȘts. Nous Ă©voquerons l'intĂ©rĂȘt de ce cadastre ancien, au-delĂ des seules questions forestiĂšres, pour le suivi de la dynamique Ă long terme des prairies, des milieux humides, des vignes ou des milieux urbanisĂ©s. Les techniques de vectorisation des occupations anciennes du sol Ă©voluent vers une simplification et une accĂ©lĂ©ration qui laisse prĂ©sager une fin du travail plus rapide que prĂ©vue initialement, parfois au dĂ©triment de la qualitĂ©. L'extension Ă la France entiĂšre permettra une vision Ă la fois Ă petite Ă©chelle mais localement prĂ©cise des mouvements des masses forestiĂšres. Nous discuterons les perspectives de recherche et les dĂ©veloppements en cours, ouverts par ces progrĂšs
Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires
The production of tt⟠, W+bb⟠and W+cc⟠is studied in the forward region of protonâproton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fbâ1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays WââÎœ , where â denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of , and is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The bosons are reconstructed in the decays , where denotes muon or electron, while the and quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions
- âŠ