7 research outputs found

    Morphological characterization of varieties of Chenopodium quinoa cultivated in the department of Boyacá, Colombia

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    In the department of Boyacá, seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. are planted, which correspond to a mixture of varieties, producing different grain sizes and saponin concentrations, affecting the quality and yield of the derived products, and therefore their commercialization, whenever the buyer requires it for a certain purpose, sweet varieties for bakeries or with high contents of saponin for the detergent industry. The objective was to compare the morphological characters, to identify the six varieties, according to the constant and conspicuous characteristics, as well as physiological parameters in the reproductive and vegetative stages. Observations were made in the different stages of development; in seeds, germination tests were made, the diameter and weight were measured; In the seedling stage, the total height, hypocotyl length, cotyledon lamina length and changes in red pigmentation were determined, qualitatively evaluated by direct observation. In adult plants, reproductive and vegetative characters were reviewed. A taxonomic key was proposed for the identification of the varieties. Blanca Real recorded the highest germination percentage (98%). Amarilla Marangani presented the seeds with the greatest weight and diameter and the longest cotyledons. The height of the Black and Piartal seedlings was below the other varieties. Blanca de Jericó, Blanca Real and Piartal presented weak reddish colorations in the hypocotyl and cotyledons. The identification of each variety will result in better products for growers, marketers, and processors

    IMPACT-Global Hip Fracture Audit: Nosocomial infection, risk prediction and prognostication, minimum reporting standards and global collaborative audit. Lessons from an international multicentre study of 7,090 patients conducted in 14 nations during the COVID-19 pandemic

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    Genetic variability of Odocoileus Virginianus (zimmerman, 1970) in boyacá-colombia: Case report

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    Odocoileus viriginianus es una especie con capacidad de adaptabilidad a diferentes ecosistemas, ya que habita desde tierras bajas hasta sistemas montañosos, por encima de los 3.000m de altitud (Ramos et al. 2013). Existen amenazas en la conservación y en el descenso de la densidad poblacional de O. virginianus. La fuerte presión de caza y la transforma-ción drástica de los hábitats ponen en peligro la diversidad genética de sus poblaciones, a nivel nacional (López-Arévalo & González-Hernández, 2006; Martínez Polanco et al. 2015), por tal razón, se pueden originar eventos de selección, tales como: deriva genética, cuello de botella y endogamia a nivel intraespecífico (Hernández et al. 2015). Estos eventos dis-minuyen la variabilidad genética dentro de las poblaciones, reducen la heterocigosidad y aumentan la probabilidad de transmitir a generaciones futuras, alelos asociados a defec-tos genéticos. Lo anterior, se traduce en una reducción de la capacidad de adaptación de los animales al medio ambiente y un aumento en el riesgo de extinción (Celis et al. 2010; Ocampo & Cardona, 2013). Para el análisis de la variabilidad genética, a nivel poblacional, se determina la variación exis-tente, intraespecífico o interpoblacional, cuantificando las variaciones o alteraciones en el ADN. Alteraciones que varían desde substituciones de un solo nucleótido hasta mutacio-nes, que involucran un mayor número de sitios nucleotídicos (Miah et al. 2013). Estas variaciones han sido detectadas implementando el uso de marcadores moleculares, de ADN altamente repetitivo, entre los cuales, se encuentran los mi-crosatélites (SSR). Están formados por secuencias de 1 a 6 pares de bases (pb) nucleotídicas repetidas en tándem y ca-racterizadas por ser únicas (Deyoung et al. 2009; Miah et al.2013). En consecuencia, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: caracterizar los microsatélites Cervid1, Cervid2, Cer-vid4, Cervid13 y Cervid14 y determinar la variabilidad genéti-ca de tres grupos de O. virginianus en semicautiverio, en el departamento de Boyacá, con el fin de obtener información preliminar, para que se establezcan estrategias de conserva-ción de su pool genético, en investigaciones futuras.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

    Caracterización morfológica de variedades de Chenopodium quinoa cultivadas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia

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    En el departamento de Boyacá, se siembran semillas de Chenopodium quinoa Willd., las cuales, corresponden a una mezcla de variedades, produciendo diferentes concentraciones de saponina y de tamaños de grano, afectando la calidad y el rendimiento de los productos derivados y, por tanto, su comercialización, toda vez que el comprador lo requiere para un determinado fin, como variedades dulces, para las panaderías o, con altos contenidos de saponina, para la industria de detergentes. El objetivo fue comparar los caracteres morfológicos, para identificar las seis variedades, de acuerdo con las características constantes y conspicuas, además de parámetros fisiológicos en etapa reproductiva y vegetativa. Se realizaron observaciones en las diferentes etapas del desarrollo; en semillas, se hicieron pruebas de germinación, se midió el diámetro y el peso; en el estadio de plántula, se determinó la altura total, longitud del hipocótilo, largo de la lámina de los cotiledones y cambios en la pigmentación rojiza, evaluada cualitativamente por observación directa. En plantas adultas, se revisaron caracteres reproductivos y vegetativos. Se propuso una clave taxonómica, para la identificación de las variedades. Blanca Real registró el porcentaje de germinación más alto (98%). Amarilla Maranganí presentó las semillas con el mayor peso y diámetro y los cotiledones más largos. La altura de las plántulas Negra y Piartal estuvo por debajo de las otras variedades. Blanca de Jericó, Blanca Real y Piartal presentaron coloraciones rojizas débiles en el hipocótilo y en los cotiledones. La identificación de cada variedad redundará en mejores productos para los cultivadores, comercializadores y procesadores.In the department of Boyacá, seeds of Chenopodium quinoaWilld. are planted, which correspond to a mixture of variet-ies, producing different grain sizes and saponin concentra-tions, affecting the quality and yield of the derived products, and therefore their commercialization, whenever the buyer requires it for a certain purpose, sweet varieties for bakeries or with high contents of saponin for the detergent industry. The objective was to compare the morphological characters, to identify the six varieties, according to the constant and conspicuous characteristics, as well as physiological param-eters in the reproductive and vegetative stages. Observations were made in the different stages of development; in seeds, germination tests were made, the diameter and weight were measured; In the seedling stage, the total height, hypocot-yl length, cotyledon lamina length and changes in red pig-mentation were determined, qualitatively evaluated by direct observation. In adult plants, reproductive and vegetative characters were reviewed. A taxonomic key was proposed for the identification of the varieties. Blanca Real recorded the highest germination percentage (98%). Amarilla Marangani presented the seeds with the greatest weight and diameter and the longest cotyledons. The height of the Black and Piar-tal seedlings was below the other varieties. Blanca de Jericó, Blanca Real and Piartal presented weak reddish colorations in the hypocotyl and cotyledons. The identification of each variety will result in better products for growers, marketers, and processors.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

    C. Literaturwissenschaft.

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    Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure

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    BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)
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