41 research outputs found
Rapid micromixer via ferrofluids
AbstractPerformances of a micromixer based on ferrofluids are predicted numerically. A permanent magnet is used to induce transient interactive flows between a water-based ferrofluid and water. The external magnetic field causes the ferrofluid to expand significantly and uniformly toward miscible water, associated with a great number of extremely fine fingering structures on the interface in the upstream and downstream regions of the microchannel. These pronounced fingering patterns, which mimic the experimental observations of Wen et al. (2009), increase the mixing interfacial length dramatically. Along with the dominant diffusion effects occurring around the circumferential regions of the fine finger structures, the mixing efficiency increases significantly. The mixing efficiency can be as high as 95% within 2.0 s and a distance of 3.0 mm from the inlet of the mixing channel, when the applied peak magnetic field is 145.8 Oe. The proposed mixing scheme not only provides an excellent mixing, even in simple microchannel, but also can be easily applied to lab-on-a-chip applications with an external permanent magnet
Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease
BACKGROUND
We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more
effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention.
METHODS
In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg
once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after
a mean follow-up of 23 months.
RESULTS
The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group
than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard
ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major
bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288
patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05;
P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between
these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group
as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI,
0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome
did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the
aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group.
CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more
major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice
daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and
resulted in more major bleeding events. (Funded by Bayer; COMPASS ClinicalTrials.gov
number, NCT01776424.
THE RATE OF BINARY BLACK HOLE MERGERS INFERRED FROM ADVANCED LIGO OBSERVATIONS SURROUNDING GW150914
A transient gravitational-wave signal, GW150914, was identi
fi
ed in the twin Advanced LIGO detectors on 2015
September 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC. To asse
ss the implications of this discovery,
the detectors remained in operation with
unchanged con
fi
gurations over a period of 39 days around the time of t
he signal. At the detection statistic threshold
corresponding to that observed for GW150914, our search of the 16 days of simultaneous two-detector observational
data is estimated to have a false-alarm rate
(
FAR
)
of
<
́
--
4.9 10 yr
61
, yielding a
p
-value for GW150914 of
<
́
-
210
7
. Parameter estimation follo
w-up on this trigger identi
fi
es its source as a binary black hole
(
BBH
)
merger
with component masses
(
)(
)
=
-
+
-
+
mm
M
,36,29
12
4
5
4
4
at redshift
=
-
+
z
0.09
0.04
0.03
(
median and 90% credible range
)
.
Here, we report on the constraints these observations place on the rate of BBH coalescences. Considering only
GW150914, assuming that all BBHs in the universe have the same masses and spins as this event, imposing a search
FAR threshold of 1 per 100 years, and assuming that the BBH merger rate is constant in the comoving frame, we infer a
90% credible range of merger rates between
–
--
2
53 Gpc yr
31
(
comoving frame
)
. Incorporating all search triggers that
pass a much lower threshold while accounting for the uncerta
inty in the astrophysical origin of each trigger, we estimate
a higher rate, ranging from
–
--
13 600 Gpc yr
31
depending on assumptions about the BBH mass distribution. All
together, our various rate estimat
es fall in the conservative range
–
--
2
600 Gpc yr
31
Deposition of osmium and ruthenium thin films from organometallic cluster precursors
10.1002/aoc.1494Applied Organometallic Chemistry235196-199AOCH
Excited-state excitons in strained quantum wells under pressure
We report measurements of the transition energies of the ground and excited state excitons in 100Å quantum wells of In0.15Ga0.85As and In0.18Ga0.82As as a function of hydrostatic pressure by photoconductivity excitation spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell. The pressure coefficients of the E1HH1 and E2HH2 transitions agrees well with eight-band k.p theory provided the pressure coefficient of bulk strained InGaAs is given the anomalously low value reported previously [Wilkinson et al., Phys. Rev. B46, 3113 (1989)]. This result shows that the anomaly is an intrinsic property of the bulk strained crystal and is not associated with defects
Identification and a new record from Penang Island of the rare redbellied reed snake (Calamaria albiventer) (Gray, 1835) (Serpentes: Calamariinae)
Quah, Evan S. H., Lim, Kelvin K.P., Leong, Eric H.H., M.S, Shahrul Anuar (2018): Identification and a new record from Penang Island of the rare redbellied reed snake (Calamaria albiventer) (Gray, 1835) (Serpentes: Calamariinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 486-493, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535954
Clinical Predictors of Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore27116-20AAMS
The reliability, validity and sensitivity to change of the Chinese version of SF-36 in oriental patients with rheumatoid arthritis
10.1093/rheumatology/kel051Rheumatology4581023-1028RUMA