135 research outputs found

    Snow Processes in Mountain Forests: Interception Modeling for Coarse-Scale Applications

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    Snow interception by the forest canopy controls the spatial heterogeneity of subcanopy snow accumulation leading to significant differences between forested and nonforested areas at a variety of scales. Snow intercepted by the forest canopy can also drastically change the surface albedo. As such, accurately modeling snow interception is of importance for various model applications such as hydrological, weather, and climate predictions. Due to difficulties in the direct measurements of snow interception, previous empirical snow interception models were developed at just the point scale. The lack of spatially extensive data sets has hindered the validation of snow interception models in different snow climates, forest types, and at various spatial scales and has reduced the accurate representation of snow interception in coarse-scale models. We present two novel empirical models for the spatial mean and one for the standard deviation of snow interception derived from an extensive snow interception data set collected in an evergreen coniferous forest in the Swiss Alps. Besides open-site snowfall, subgrid model input parameters include the standard deviation of the DSM (digital surface model) and/or the sky view factor, both of which can be easily precomputed. Validation of both models was performed with snow interception data sets acquired in geographically different locations under disparate weather conditions. Snow interception data sets from the Rocky Mountains, US, and the French Alps compared well to the modeled snow interception with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) for the spatial mean of ≀10 % for both models and NRMSE of the standard deviation of ≀13 %. Compared to a previous model for the spatial mean interception of snow water equivalent, the presented models show improved model performances. Our results indicate that the proposed snow interception models can be applied in coarse land surface model grid cells provided that a sufficiently fine-scale DSM is available to derive subgrid forest parameters

    Real-life management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in France: a nationwide observational study using retrospective claims data

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    AIMS: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is standard care for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), but the recommended monthly injection regimen is burdensome. Evidence suggests low injection/monitoring frequencies in clinical practice and suboptimal vision outcomes. This observational cohort study uses administrative claims data from the French national healthcare system to assess anti-VEGF treatment patterns and nAMD-specific healthcare resource demands and costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: nAMD patients ≄50 years initiating intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept or bevacizumab treatment (2014‒2015), and propensity score-matched non-nAMD patients (controls), were identified from the Echantillon GĂ©nĂ©raliste de BĂ©nĂ©ficiaires database. Outcomes of interest included anti-VEGF treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization and associated costs of patients vis-Ă -vis controls over 24 months. RESULTS: Study patients (n = 355) received (mean) 5.2 and 2.4 anti-VEGF injections over 0‒12 and 12‒24 months, respectively. Most patients (79.0%) remained on their initial anti-VEGF agent; among treatment switchers the most common transition was from ranibizumab to aflibercept. During follow-up, nAMD patients were more likely than controls to require ophthalmology visits (99.7% vs 44.8%), ocular procedures (optical coherence tomography/angiography/fundoscopy) (96.9% vs 27.2%), cataract surgery (13.0% vs 6.7%), and medical transports (38.0% vs 31.9%). Mean numbers of ophthalmology visits (25.1 vs 1.2) and medical transports (6.0 vs 3.5) were higher (p<.01) among nAMD patients. Total reimbursed costs were two-fold higher for nAMD patients than controls (mean €16,799 vs €8255) due to higher treatment costs (€6847 vs €1156), medical fees (€1858 vs €295), hospital fees (€6396 vs €5235), and transport costs (€358 vs €259). Excess total healthcare cost was (mean) €5279 and €7918 over the first 12 and 24 months of treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Current intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment and monitoring requirements place considerable economic burden on the French healthcare system. New intravitreal therapies with extended dosing intervals and predictable efficacy might reduce demand on ophthalmology services

    Virtualia 2016. La réalité virtuelle au service de la recherche: Actes du séminaire organisé par le CIREVE à Caen (19 octobre 2016),

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    International audienceLe sĂ©minaire Virtualia est nĂ© en 2006 en mĂȘme temps que le Centre Interdisciplinaire de RĂ©alitĂ© Virtuelle (CIREVE) de l’UniversitĂ© de Caen Normandie. Son objectif est de permettre aux Ă©quipes associĂ©es au CIREVE d’exposer leurs mĂ©thodologies et les rĂ©sultats de leurs travaux dans le domaine de la RĂ©alitĂ© Virtuelle, tout en s’ouvrant Ă  des communications extĂ©rieures. Il a connu quatre Ă©ditions de 2006 Ă  2009.2016 fut l’occasion de relancer VIRTUALIA et de concrĂ©tiser le partenariat avec les UniversitĂ©s de Rouen et du Havre dans le cadre de la COMUE. Une Structure FĂ©dĂ©rative de Recherche « CIREVE » est en effet en cours de labellisation au sein de Normandie UniversitĂ©. 2016 est Ă©galement une annĂ©e importante car elle marque Ă  la fois le dixiĂšme anniversaire du CIREVE et la finalisation d’une plate-forme de rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle normande, unique en son genre sur le territoire français. Elle est composĂ©e d’une salle immersive quatre faces de 45 m2, Ă©quipĂ©e d’un tapis roulant particuliĂšrement adaptĂ© pour l’analyse de la marche en temps rĂ©el (GRAIL de Motek Medical). Les calculateurs de cette salle immersive sont mutualisĂ©s avec un amphithĂ©Ăątre attenant de 150 places, de maniĂšre que les expĂ©rimentations effectuĂ©es avec un sujet unique dans la salle immersive puissent ĂȘtre suivies par un auditoire nombreux (besoins de formation notamment). Les Ă©quipes utilisent le matĂ©riel au fur et Ă  mesure des dĂ©veloppements informatiques et de nouveaux protocoles d’expĂ©rimentation germent dans l’esprit des chercheurs qui voient dans la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle des possibilitĂ©s de tests jamais atteintes.Une centaine de chercheurs utilise rĂ©guliĂšrement le plateau technique CIREVE, dans des visĂ©es de recherche qui leur sont propres. Il est toutefois apparu qu’un certain nombre de problĂ©matiques concernaient toutes les disciplines et qu’une partie de la rĂ©flexion sur les mondes virtuels pouvait ĂȘtre mutualisĂ©e. Le sĂ©minaire VIRTUALIA permet d’offrir un espace de rencontre Ă  ces chercheurs, issus d’horizons diffĂ©rents, pour discuter de l’utilisation de l’outil d’un point de vue Ă©pistĂ©mologique. Il est par exemple capital de s’interroger sur la notion de prĂ©sence. Le sujet se comporte-il de la mĂȘme façon dans l’environnement virtuel et dans le monde rĂ©el ? Les chemins de circulation choisis dans le modĂšle virtuel sont-ils les mĂȘmes que ceux qui seraient empruntĂ©s en rĂ©alitĂ© ? Les conclusions Ă©tablies dans le modĂšle virtuel sont-elles directement transposables Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© ? Un des enjeux du travail est d’évaluer la pertinence subjective des modĂšles virtuels, ce qui est capital avant de gĂ©nĂ©raliser leur utilisation dans des actions de formation par exemple. L’utilisation d’une technologie n’est jamais complĂštement neutre. Dans le cadre des mondes virtuels, l’interaction de l’homme avec le monde de synthĂšse n’est possible qu’au travers de logiciels et d’interfaces matĂ©rielles. Il faut s’assurer que les processus cognitifs soient adĂ©quats avant de s’interroger sur le rĂ©sultat des simulations. Naturellement, le sĂ©minaire permet Ă©galement Ă  chaque discipline d’exposer les rĂ©sultats des derniĂšres recherches rĂ©alisĂ©es grĂące Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle.Les domaines scientifiques concernĂ©s par la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle sont multiples : les civilisations et les patrimoines culturels, la mĂ©decine, les neurosciences, la psychologie, les sciences du mouvement et du sport, l’ingĂ©nierie, l’informatique. L’UniversitĂ© de Caen Normandie Ă©tant pluridisciplinaire, le spectre des utilisations est trĂšs large. Elles se rĂ©partissent en trois axes principaux et un axe en Ă©mergence :LA REPRÉSENTATION : la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle permet de reprĂ©senter et de visualiser, interactivement et en trois dimensions, des environnements disparus, dĂ©gradĂ©s, inaccessibles, ou des environnements futurs.Domaines concernĂ©s : civilisations, patrimoine, linguistique...L'EXPÉRIMENTATION : en permettant d'interagir en temps rĂ©el avec un monde numĂ©rique 3D, la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle offre de nouvelles perspectives d'expĂ©rimentations dans des environnements de plus en plus proches du rĂ©el et en mĂȘme temps parfaitement contrĂŽlables.Domaines concernĂ©s : santĂ©, neuropsychologie, psychologie, activitĂ©s physiques et sportives...LA CREATION ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT D’OUTILS : les informaticiens crĂ©ent et testent des applications concernant les mĂ©thodes de navigation en monde virtuel, de restitution de la rĂ©alitĂ©.Domaine concernĂ© : informatique.LA FORMATION (axe en Ă©mergence) : par la reprĂ©sentation de la connaissance, par les diverses possibilitĂ©s d'expĂ©rimentation, la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle est un formidable outil de formation.Domaines concernĂ©s : sciences du langage, mĂ©decine, informatique (serious game, simulation...).Une partie importante de la rĂ©flexion dĂ©veloppĂ©e lors du sĂ©minaire Virtualia 2016 a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e aux enjeux sociĂ©taux liĂ©s Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle : notions de mĂ©moire, d’apprentissage des gestes techniques, d’ĂȘtre humain « augmentĂ© » etc. Les articles publiĂ©s attestent du savoir-faire, bien rĂ©el cette fois, que le CIREVE a acquis en termes de crĂ©ation de mondes virtuels pour reprĂ©senter, expĂ©rimenter et former. La publication des actes du sĂ©minaire Virtualia vise Ă  mettre en lumiĂšre des recherches particuliĂšrement innovantes qui s’effectuent dans un cadre technologique exceptionnel.- S. Madeleine, Virtualia 2016. Introduction (et direction de l'Ă©dition)- J. Grieu, F. Lecroq, Th. Galinho, H. Boukachour, Environnements industriels virtualisĂ©s et processus d’apprentissage- Ph. Brunet, J. Dehut, Images 3D et humanitĂ©s numĂ©riques : modĂ©lisation et restitution du geste thĂ©Ăątral- G. Lecouvey, J. Gonneaud, N. Legrand, G. Rauchs, F. Eustache, B. Desgranges, RĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et mĂ©moire- N. Benguigui, C. Mandil, M. Mallek, L. Lejeune, R. Thouvarecq, Étude des liens entre perception et action dans des environnements virtuels- E.-G. Dupuy, A. Maneuvrier, E. Vlamynck, S. Besnard, B. Bienvenu, L.-M. Decker, Le syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos type hypermobile : Ă©volution des stratĂ©gies posturales en rĂ©ponse Ă  un programme de rĂ©Ă©ducation Ă  visĂ©e somesthĂ©sique- C. Weismann-Arcache, RĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et humain augmentĂ© : subjectivation, dĂ©subjectivation ?- L. Haddouk, RĂ©alitĂ© psychique en visioconsultatio

    DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

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    We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.05, 95%CI&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.39–3.02, p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.42, 95%CI&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.18–0.99, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

    CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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    Genotype–phenotype correlation in PRKN- associated Parkinson’s disease

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    Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in PRKN are the most common cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). 647 patients with PRKN-PD were included in this international study. The pathogenic variants present were characterised and investigated for their effect on phenotype. Clinical features and progression of PRKN-PD was also assessed. Among 133 variants in index cases (n = 582), there were 58 (43.6%) structural variants, 34 (25.6%) missense, 20 (15%) frameshift, 10 splice site (7.5%%), 9 (6.8%) nonsense and 2 (1.5%) indels. The most frequent variant overall was an exon 3 deletion (n = 145, 12.3%), followed by the p.R275W substitution (n = 117, 10%). Exon3, RING0 protein domain and the ubiquitin-like protein domain were mutational hotspots with 31%, 35.4% and 31.7% of index cases presenting mutations in these regions respectively. The presence of a frameshift or structural variant was associated with a 3.4 ± 1.6 years or a 4.7 ± 1.6 years earlier age at onset of PRKN-PD respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, variants located in the N-terminus of the protein, a region enriched with frameshift variants, were associated with an earlier age at onset. The phenotype of PRKN-PD was characterised by slow motor progression, preserved cognition, an excellent motor response to levodopa therapy and later development of motor complications compared to early-onset PD. Non-motor symptoms were however common in PRKN-PD. Our findings on the relationship between the type of variant in PRKN and the phenotype of the disease may have implications for both genetic counselling and the design of precision clinical trials

    Genotype-phenotype correlation in PRKN-associated Parkinson's disease

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    Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in PRKN are the most common cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). 647 patients with PRKN-PD were included in this international study. The pathogenic variants present were characterised and investigated for their effect on phenotype. Clinical features and progression of PRKN-PD was also assessed. Among 133 variants in index cases (n = 582), there were 58 (43.6%) structural variants, 34 (25.6%) missense, 20 (15%) frameshift, 10 splice site (7.5%%), 9 (6.8%) nonsense and 2 (1.5%) indels. The most frequent variant overall was an exon 3 deletion (n = 145, 12.3%), followed by the p.R275W substitution (n = 117, 10%). Exon3, RING0 protein domain and the ubiquitin-like protein domain were mutational hotspots with 31%, 35.4% and 31.7% of index cases presenting mutations in these regions respectively. The presence of a frameshift or structural variant was associated with a 3.4 ± 1.6 years or a 4.7 ± 1.6 years earlier age at onset of PRKN-PD respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, variants located in the N-terminus of the protein, a region enriched with frameshift variants, were associated with an earlier age at onset. The phenotype of PRKN-PD was characterised by slow motor progression, preserved cognition, an excellent motor response to levodopa therapy and later development of motor complications compared to early-onset PD. Non-motor symptoms were however common in PRKN-PD. Our findings on the relationship between the type of variant in PRKN and the phenotype of the disease may have implications for both genetic counselling and the design of precision clinical trials

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    Homéopathie chez la femme (conseils à l'officine)

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    La 1Úre partie de cette thÚse est consacrée aux généralités sur l'homéopathie avec notamment les différents principes de cette médecine ainsi qu'une description des principales souches utilisées chez la femme. Dans une 2Úme partie, est développé l'emploi de l'homéopathie au cours de la vie d'une femme, de l'apparition des rÚgles jusqu'à leur disparition en passant par la grossesse, l'accouchement et l'allaitement. Les petites pathologies qui accompagnent la femme sont illustrées sous forme de cas comptoir.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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