39 research outputs found

    Tropical Fourier-Motzkin elimination, with an application to real-time verification

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    We introduce a generalization of tropical polyhedra able to express both strict and non-strict inequalities. Such inequalities are handled by means of a semiring of germs (encoding infinitesimal perturbations). We develop a tropical analogue of Fourier-Motzkin elimination from which we derive geometrical properties of these polyhedra. In particular, we show that they coincide with the tropically convex union of (non-necessarily closed) cells that are convex both classically and tropically. We also prove that the redundant inequalities produced when performing successive elimination steps can be dynamically deleted by reduction to mean payoff game problems. As a complement, we provide a coarser (polynomial time) deletion procedure which is enough to arrive at a simply exponential bound for the total execution time. These algorithms are illustrated by an application to real-time systems (reachability analysis of timed automata).Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure

    Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Ultrasound: Review and Recent Advances

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    This paper summarizes some applications of ultrasonic vibrations regarding heat transfer enhancement techniques. Research literature is reviewed, with special attention to examples for which ultrasonic technology was used alongside a conventional heat transfer process in order to enhance it. In several industrial applications, the use of ultrasound is often a way to increase productivity in the process itself, but also to take advantage of various subsequent phenomena. The relevant example brought forward here concerns heat exchangers, where it was found that ultrasound not only increases heat transfer rates, but might also be a solution to fouling reduction

    Environmental characterisation of retification process by-products (liquid and gaseous wastes)

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    6th International Symposium “Environment and Wood Preservation” Cannes-Mandelieu, France 7-8 February 2005 14 pagesIn order to reduce environmental risks during the service life of the treated wood and to find new alternative developments on the durability of wood, some research and technology development have been made on thermal treatment. The retification process is one of these processes. The retification process induces chemical modification of the lignin and cellulosic components and modifies the intrinsic properties of wood : efficient increases the durability against fungi and insects, increases of the dimensional stability, decrease of the mechanical properties. The interest of this process is to reduce the environmental impact during the service life. In order to confirm the high interest of this process for the reduction of the environmental impact, an environmental characterisation of wastes on pilot plant have been carried out. Chemical analysis on gaseous and liquid effluents have been performed. An energetic assessment has been realised. The results indicate the high interest of this process in terms of possible biodegradable wastes and chemical valorisation interest, interest on energetic consumption in comparison with other wood processing treatment, interest on using retification treated wood in flooring according to indoor air quality requirements

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≄60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

    Les données spatiales au service du suivi des ressources en eau

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    Les donnĂ©es satellitaires peuvent enrichir le suivi des ressources en eau, quels que soient les objectifs de ce suivi (gestion stratĂ©gique des ressources en eau, gestion des ouvrages, prĂ©vision des crues et Ă©tiages
). Ces donnĂ©es prĂ©sentent l’avantage de couvrir Ă  pas-de-temps rĂ©gulier le monde entier, y compris des territoires difficiles d’accĂšs. L’usage de ces donnĂ©es soulĂšve plusieurs questions : comment Ă©valuer leur qualitĂ© ? Comment les corriger ? Quelle pertinence au regard des donnĂ©es au sol dont on dispose ? Comment les utiliser pour optimiser le rĂ©seau de mesures hydrologiques ? À travers plusieurs projets et avec des partenaires scientifiques et industriels variĂ©s (IRD, CNES, CLS, CNRS, CENEAU
) BRL IngĂ©nierie contribue Ă  Ă©valuer et Ă  valoriser l’usage des donnĂ©es satellitaires pour la gestion des ressources en eau Ă  l’échelle d’un bassinversant (e.g. l’Amazone) ou d’un territoire (l’Ouganda). L’objectif est de dĂ©livrer des indicateurs hydrologiques issus de l’association de modĂšles hydrologiques, de donnĂ©es in-situ et de donnĂ©es satellitaires, intĂ©grĂ©s en temps rĂ©el dans un systĂšme d’information sur l’eau. Cet article prĂ©sente les possibilitĂ©s et les limites actuelles de l’utilisation des donnĂ©es satellitaires afin d’optimiser le suivi des ressources en eau

    Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome : Corinne Bonnet - Nommer les dieux en Méditerranée

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    Le 2 fĂ©vrier 2022, dans le cadre du sĂ©minaire de l'ERLIS Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome, a Ă©tĂ© donnĂ©e Ă  l'UniversitĂ© de Caen la confĂ©rence intitulĂ©e : Nommer les dieux en MĂ©diterranĂ©e. RĂ©sumĂ© de la confĂ©rence : Dans un monde antique plein de dieux, comme l’affirmait dĂ©jĂ  ThalĂšs de Milet, repris par Aristote, les sociĂ©tĂ©s oscillent, dans la façon de les dĂ©signer, entre un attachement Ă  la tradition et une crĂ©ativitĂ© foisonnante, signe d’un imaginaire protĂ©iforme et d’un souci d’efficacitĂ©. Car les noms servent avant tout Ă  communiquer avec les puissances divines dans le cadre de pratiques cultuelles variĂ©es : offrandes, imprĂ©cations, commĂ©morations, vƓux, oracles, etc. Cet ocĂ©an de noms divins constitue un rĂ©servoir extraordinaire d’informations sur les modes de reprĂ©sentation des dieux : les espaces qu’ils occupent, les compĂ©tences qu’on leur attribue, les modes d’action qu’on leur impute, mais aussi les relations qu’ils entretiennent entre eux au sein de ce que nous appelons commodĂ©ment des « panthĂ©ons », qui ne regroupent cependant jamais la totalitĂ© des dieux. Nous partirons donc sur les traces des dieux, sur tout le pourtour de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, de JĂ©rusalem Ă  Gibraltar, d’AthĂšnes Ă  CyrĂšne en utilisant leurs noms comme boussoles. Nous mobiliserons des noms grecs, phĂ©niciens, hĂ©breux, aramĂ©ens, des noms simples et connus, d’autres rares et Ă©tranges, Ă  travers la longue durĂ©e de toute l’AntiquitĂ©. Nous tenterons d’esquisser des portraits et des rĂ©seaux onomastiques et nous scruterons les intentions de celles et ceux qui adressent leurs priĂšres Ă  un dieu, Ă  un couple, Ă  une triade, Ă  une liste de puissances, bref Ă  mille et une configurations chargĂ©es de sens
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