A la recherche des sites

International audienceLes recherches conduites à Anéou s’inscrivent dans une perspective d’archéologie des paysages et du peuplement dans laquelle la prospection a acquis, de longue date, le statut d’une « démarche de terrain à part entière ». Elle ne vise pas seulement l’inventaire patrimonial, ni la découverte de sites pour des fouilles ultérieures, mais elle représente en elle-même une approche des évolutions historiques des terroirs et des territoires, de leur construction humaine et de leurs pratiques d’exploitation dans le temps long. Appréhender les transformations des systèmes pastoraux d’Anéou dans cette perspective a conduit à entreprendre une prospection thématique, c’est-à-dire centrée sur un objet particulier : les traces de l’exploitation pastorale de l’estive. Cette prospection est aussi systématique, l’exhaustivité étant indispensable pour comprendre les logiques qui ont présidé à la conservation des sites, tout autant qu’aux modifications de la trame du peuplement pastoral sur une longue durée

Use of an OLED as a thermal source to supply integrated organic Peltier unit

International audienc

Musiques actuelles : un “pas de côté”

Ce numéro de Volume ! pro­pose un « pas de côté » : met­tre un peu de dis­tance entre la recher­che sur les musi­ques actuel­les et les pro­blé­ma­ti­ques pro­fes­sion­nel­les du sec­teur qui, en France, s’est cons­truit autour d’elles depuis une ving­taine d’années. Dans le cadre de cette ambi­tion, les contri­bu­tions qu’il contient émanent de cher­cheurs encore peu inves­tis dans ce milieu, tra­vaillant dans des dis­ci­pli­nes plus rare­ment mobi­li­sées ou sur des objets déca­lés vis-à-vis des ques­tion­ne­ments habi­tuels d’un sec­teur sur­tout atta­ché à la cons­truc­tion de sa repré­sen­ta­tion, ainsi qu’à la défi­ni­tion des poli­ti­ques publi­ques en sa faveur. This issue of Volume! proposes a "step aside": it puts some distance between research on contemporary popular music and the professional issues of a field that, in France, has been growing for the past twenty years. The contributors are researchers who aren't fully involved in this environment, who work in disciplinary fields that are rarely mobilized, or on objects that do not coincide with the usual questions of a sector that is mostly attached to the construction of its representation, as well as to the definition of the public policy it benefits from

Identification of a strong genetic background for progressive cardiac conduction defect by epidemiological approach

International audienceINTRODUCTION:Progressive cardiac conduction defect (PCCD) is a frequent disease attributed to degeneration and fibrosis of the His bundle. Over the past years, gene defects have been identified demonstrating that PCCD could be a genetic disease. The aim of this study was to show a familial aggregation for PCCD using a genetic epidemiological approach to improve in fine genetic knowledge of the transmission of the disease.METHODS AND RESULTS:Using the French social security number, the authors have been able to determine the city of birth of the 6667 patients implanted with a pacemaker (PM) for PCCD between 1995 and 2005 in the western part of France. The authors then mapped the frequency of PM implantations for PCCD. A large heterogeneity of the frequency of the disease has been observed, with a frequency of 0.21% in the major city (Nantes) ranging up to 2.28% in specific parishes. Familial studies performed in the parishes with the highest frequency of the disease allowed the authors to identify five large families with PCCD. Clinical investigations demonstrated phenotype heterogeneity between families. Three patterns have been differentiated.CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates a disparate geographical repartition of the frequency of PM implantation in the area of the authors at least in part related to a hereditary factor. The identification of five large families affected by PCCD using epidemiological approach underlines the existence of a major genetic background in PCCD

Terres inhospitalières

Certains milieux sont réputés avoir été colonisés, ou pas, par les sociétés humaines tout au long de l’histoire. Selon les périodes, les conditions environnementales et les types de sociétés, il peut s’agir des bandes côtières, des massifs montagneux, des zones marécageuses… Ces zones se révèlent parfois plus intensément habitées et fréquentées que prévu. Some environments are believed to have been colonized, or not, by human societies throughout history. Depending on the period, on environmental conditions and types of societies, these environments may be coastal strips, mountains, swampy areas ... These areas are sometimes more densely inhabited and busy than expected. Se sabe que algunos entornos han sido colonizados, o no, por las sociedades humanas a través de la historia. Según la época, las condiciones ambientales y el tipo de sociedad, pueden ser franjas costeras, cordilleras, zonas pantanosas, etc. Estas zonas a veces resultan ser más intensamente habitadas y frecuentadas de lo previsto

Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD

Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD