39 research outputs found
The multiple meanings of ADHD: between deficit, disruption and hidden potential
The purpose of this article is to describe the subjective experience of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the cultural meanings that shape this experience. Based on interviews and discussion groups with diagnosed people and their families in Chile and France, this article show that ADHD can acquire multiple meanings. From a thematic analysis, we identified three registers or ways of living and thinking about ADHD. In the deficit register, the disorder is experienced primarily as a failure of certain abilities. In the disruption register, the disorder is experienced as disrupting the personâs life, personality and interactions, which must then be normalized. In the register of hidden potential, on which this article focuses, ADHD is simultaneously thought of as a difficult and valuable condition, a source of exceptional capacities that are often hidden in the ordinary functioning of social life. We therefore invite reflection that identifies the factors of mobilization or non-mobilization of the hidden potential register, with particular emphasis not only on relational configurations, socio-economic variables, and the gender variable, but also on the institutional and political context of each country
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Transforming Growth Factor ÎČ1 Inhibit the Expression of the Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-34 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
IL-34 is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current study aimed to assess the IL-34 expression in response to two members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-ÎČ family, TGF-ÎČ1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, in synovial fibroblasts from RA patients. IL-34, TGF-ÎČ1, and BMP-2 productions were measured in patient synovial fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-34 mRNA levels were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR in human synovial fibroblasts and murine mesenchymal stem cells. Pharmacologic inhibitions were used to determine the involvement of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and ALK5 downstream TGF-ÎČ1 and BMP-2. IL-34, TGF-ÎČ1, and BMP-2 were expressed in synovial fluids from RA patients. We found a significant correlation between IL-34 and TGF-ÎČ1 expressions. Levels of both IL-34 and TGF-ÎČ1 were thus correlated with the total leukocyte counts in the synovial fluids. TGF-ÎČ1 and BMP-2 decreased IL-34 expression in the synovial fibroblasts or in murine mesenchymal stem cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through ALK5 and ALK1 pathways, respectively. In addition, TGF-ÎČ1 and BMP-2 antagonized tumor necrosis factor αâinduced IL-34 gene expression. This work identifies TGF-ÎČ1 and BMP-2 as potent inhibitors of IL-34 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts. These cytokines, as upstream inhibitors of IL-34, may thus contribute to antagonize inflammation and bone erosions in RA
Syndecan-1 regulates the biological activities of interleukin-34
IL-34 is a challenging cytokine sharing functional similarities with M-CSF through M-CSFR activation. It also plays a singular role that has recently been explained in the brain, through a binding to the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPÎČ/ζ. The aim of this paper was to look for alternative binding of IL-34 on other cell types. Myeloid cells (HL-60, U-937, THP-1) were used as cells intrinsically expressing M-CSFR, and M-CSFR was expressed in TF-1 and HEK293 cells. IL-34 binding was studied by Scatchard and binding inhibition assays, using 125I-radiolabelled cytokines, and surface plasmon resonance. M-CSFR activation was analysed by Western blot after glycosaminoglycans abrasion, syndecan-1 overexpression or repression and addition of a blocking anti-syndecan antibody. M-CSF and IL-34 induced different patterns of M-CSFR phosphorylations, suggesting the existence of alternative binding for IL-34. Binding experiments and chondroitinase treatment confirmed low affinity binding to chondroitin sulphate chains on cells lacking both M-CSFR and RPTPÎČ/ζ. Amongst the proteoglycans with chondroitin sulphate chains, syndecan-1 was able to modulate the IL-34-induced M-CSFR signalling pathways. Interestingly, IL-34 induced the migration of syndecan-1 expressing cells. Indeed, IL-34 significantly increased the migration of THP-1 and M2a macrophages that was inhibited by addition of a blocking anti-syndecan-1 antibody. This paper provides evidence of alternative binding of IL-34 to chondroitin sulphates and syndecan-1 at the cell surface that modulates M-CSFR activation. In addition, IL-34-induced myeloid cell migration is a syndecan-1 dependent mechanism
Death and the Societies of Late Antiquity
Ce volume bilingue, comprenant un ensemble de 28 contributions disponibles en français et en anglais (dans leur version longue ou abrĂ©gĂ©e), propose dâĂ©tablir un Ă©tat des lieux des rĂ©flexions, recherches et Ă©tudes conduites sur le fait funĂ©raire Ă lâĂ©poque tardo-antique au sein des provinces de lâEmpire romain et sur leurs rĂ©gions limitrophes, afin dâouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur ses Ă©volutions possibles. Au cours des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les transformations considĂ©rables des mĂ©thodologies dĂ©ployĂ©es sur le terrain et en laboratoire ont permis un renouveau des questionnements sur les populations et les pratiques funĂ©raires de lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, pĂ©riode marquĂ©e par de multiples changements politiques, sociaux, dĂ©mographiques et culturels. Lâapparition de ce qui a Ă©tĂ© initialement dĂ©signĂ© comme une « Anthropologie de terrain », qui fut le dĂ©but de la dĂ©marche archĂ©othanatologique, puis le rĂ©cent dĂ©veloppement dâapproches collaboratives entre des domaines scientifiques divers (archĂ©othanatologie, biochimie et gĂ©ochimie, gĂ©nĂ©tique, histoire, Ă©pigraphie par exemple) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©cisives pour le renouvellement des problĂ©matiques dâĂ©tude : rĂ©vision dâanciens concepts comme apparition dâaxes dâanalyse inĂ©dits. Les recherches rassemblĂ©es dans cet ouvrage sont articulĂ©es autour de quatre grands thĂšmes : lâĂ©volution des pratiques funĂ©raires dans le temps, lâidentitĂ© sociale dans la mort, les ensembles funĂ©raires en transformation (organisation et topographie) et les territoires de lâempire (du cĆur aux marges). Ces Ă©tudes proposent un rĂ©examen et une rĂ©vision des donnĂ©es, tant anthropologiques quâarchĂ©ologiques ou historiques sur lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, et rĂ©vĂšlent, Ă cet Ă©gard, une mosaĂŻque de paysages politiques, sociaux et culturels singuliĂšrement riches et complexes. Elles accroissent nos connaissances sur le traitement des dĂ©funts, lâemplacement des aires funĂ©raires ou encore la structure des sĂ©pultures, en rĂ©vĂ©lant une diversitĂ© de pratiques, et permettent au final de relancer la rĂ©flexion sur la maniĂšre dont les sociĂ©tĂ©s tardo-antiques envisagent la mort et sur les Ă©lĂ©ments permettant dâidentifier et de dĂ©finir la diversitĂ© des groupes qui les composent. Elles dĂ©montrent ce faisant que nous pouvons vĂ©ritablement apprĂ©hender les structures culturelles et sociales des communautĂ©s anciennes et leurs potentielles transformations, Ă partir de lâĂ©tude des pratiques funĂ©raires.This bilingual volume proposes to draw up an assessment of the recent research conducted on funerary behavior during Late Antiquity in the provinces of the Roman Empire and on their borders, in order to open new perspectives on its possible developments. The considerable transformations of the methodologies have raised the need for a renewal of the questions on the funerary practices during Late Antiquity, a period marked by multiple political, social, demographic and cultural changes. The emergence field anthropology, which was the beginning of archaeothanatology, and then the recent development of collaborative approaches between various scientific fields (archaeothanatology, biochemistry and geochemistry, genetics, history, epigraphy, for example), have been decisive. The research collected in this book is structured around four main themes: Evolution of funerary practices over time; Social identity through death; Changing burial grounds (organisation and topography); Territories of the Empire (from the heart to the margins). These studies propose a review and a revision of the data, both anthropological and archaeological or historical on Late Antiquity, and reveal a mosaic of political, social, and cultural landscapes singularly rich and complex. In doing so, they demonstrate that we can truly understand the cultural and social structures of ancient communities and their potential transformations, based on the study of funerary practices
Les escrocs : spécificités de la relation thérapeutique dans la prise en charge
Le Goff Valérie, Eggimann Aude. Les escrocs : spécificités de la relation thérapeutique dans la prise en charge. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 55 n°458, 2002. pp. 185-191
Les usages numériques des personnes en situation de handicap : un levier vers une plus grande participation sociale ?
International audienc
Towards a reproducible and highâthroughput workflow to quantify globulins and napins, the two major seed storage proteins in oilseed rape
International audienceSeed storage proteins (SSP) in oilseed rape consist of 12S globulins (cruciferins) and 2S albumins (napins) that stand for around 70% of total seed proteins. Since napins contain more sulfur residues than cruciferins, they display a higher value for food or feed usages. Recent results demonstrated the potentialities of genetics to improve the 12S/2S ratio. However, the current methods to assess the SSP balance are still time consuming and difficult to handle, thus preventing the phenotyping of large sets of accessions. Plant material 100 accessions of winter oilseed rape : Conclusion: Encouraging results for 2S quantification with NIRS. The current calibrations can be used to roughly sort out the accessions upon 12S/2S content but need further improvements (e.g., wider calibration sets)
Construire le consentement. Quand les capacités des personnes ùges sont altérées
With the extension and deepening of democratic rights in health care, the forâ malization of the consent of assisted persons has gradually become an imperative which professionals working with the dependent elderly must confront on a daily basis. But obtaining consent is not an abstract imperative. Obtaining such consent demands building the interactions of the care and support relationship between the concrete issues relating to both the respect of the individualâs wishes â which are sometimes difficult to define, particularly when he or she is considered having impaired capacitiesâ and to the services that can be proposed to him. This article is devoted to this progressive and continuous process of building consent in various fields of the gerontological sector.Avec le dĂ©ploiement et lâapprofondissement de la dĂ©mocratie en santĂ©, la forâ malisation du consentement des personnes accompagnĂ©es est progressivement devenue un impĂ©ratif avec lequel les professionnels de la dĂ©pendance des perâ sonnes ĂągĂ©es travaillent quotidiennement. Mais lâobtention du consentement nâest pas un impĂ©ratif abstrait. Pris dans des enjeux concrets relatifs Ă la fois au respect des volontĂ©s de la personne â volontĂ©s parfois difficiles Ă cerner, en particulier lorsque ses capacitĂ©s sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme Ă©tant altĂ©rĂ©es â et Ă lâorganisation de lâoffre de services qui peut lui ĂȘtre proposĂ©e, ce consentement relĂšve dâun travail de construction, qui se rĂ©alise au fil des interactions de la relation dâaide et de soins. Câest Ă cette construction proâ gressive et continue du consentement dans diffĂ©rents terrains du monde gĂ©rontoâ logique quâest consacrĂ© cet article
The multiple meanings of ADHD: between deficit, disruption and hidden potential
Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the subjective experience of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the cultural meanings that shape this experience. Based on interviews and discussion groups with diagnosed people and their families in Chile and France, this article show that ADHD can acquire multiple meanings. From a thematic analysis, we identified three registers or ways of living and thinking about ADHD. In the deficit register, the disorder is experienced primarily as a failure of certain abilities. In the disruption register, the disorder is experienced as disrupting the personâs life, personality and interactions, which must then be normalized. In the register of hidden potential, on which this article focuses, ADHD is simultaneously thought of as a difficult and valuable condition, a source of exceptional capacities that are often hidden in the ordinary functioning of social life. We therefore invite reflection that identifies the factors of mobilization or non-mobilization of the hidden potential register, with particular emphasis not only on relational configurations, socio-economic variables, and the gender variable, but also on the institutional and political context of each country
Climate change and diminishing seasonality in Arctic benthic processes
The iconic picture of Arctic marine ecosystems shows an intense pulse of biological productivity around the spring bloom that is sustained while fresh organic matter (OM) is available, after which ecosystem activity declines to basal levels in autumn and winter. We investigated seasonality in benthic biogeochemical cycling at three stations in a high Arctic fjord that has recently lost much of its seasonal ice-cover. Unlike observations from other Arctic locations, we find little seasonality in sediment community respiration and bioturbation rates, although different sediment reworking modes varied through the year. Nutrient fluxes did vary, suggesting that, although OM was processed at similar rates, seasonality in its quality led to spring/summer peaks in inorganic nitrogen and silicate fluxes. These patterns correspond to published information on seasonality in vertical flux at the stations. Largely ice-free Kongsfjorden has a considerable detrital pool in soft sediments which sustain benthic communities over the year. Sources of this include macroalgae and terrestrial runoff. Climate change leading to less ice cover, higher light availability and expanded benthic habitat may lead to more detrital carbon in the system, dampening the quantitative importance of seasonal pulses of phytodetritus to seafloor communities in some areas of the Arctic.
This article is part of the theme issue âThe changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'