Studies in the Diphenyl Series

Since this thesis is concerned mainly with a study of optical activity of diphenyl derivatives, the various methods of preparation of diphenyl derivatives are given in the General Introduction. The thesis is divided into two parts: Part I is concerned mainly with the reactions of certain benzidine bases with ketones and Part II, the major portion, with diphenyl derivatives of interest from the point of view of optical activity. In this summary, pages to which cross reference has been given contain the main conclusions of this thesis. Part I is subdivided into three sections: the Introduction, the Theoretical Section and the Experimental Section. The Introduction gives an account of previous relevant work, experimental and theoretical, and furnishes a background to the actual work undertaken. The latter, together with certain theoretical aspects, is discussed in the Theoretical Section. Part I was undertaken in order to provide further information on a subject briefly referred to by Reddelien (page 27 ) namely, the reactions of aromatic ketones with benzidine bases. At the same time, it was intended to gain some information on the prospects of optical resolution of appropriately substituted benzidine derivatives by means of the formation of diastereoisomeric anils with optically active ketones. Benzidine condensed with acetophenone and benzophenone to form the corresponding di-anils, o-tolidine reacted similarly with acetophenone but not with benzophenone, and o-dianisidine did not react with either acetophenone or benzophenone. These observations are discussed (page 39) from a theoretical stand point with reference to the effects of ortho methyl and meth-oxyl groups on analogous anil condensations of benzenoid amines. Benzoin reacted with benzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine to form didesyl-derivatives, which in contrast to the di-anils, were extremely resistant to hydrolysis. In addition to the action of nitrosyl chloride on benzidine, the anil condensations of certain other benzidine derivatives were also studied. Ketone anil formation was found to be unsuited for the optical resolution of benzidine derivatives because of the high reaction temperatures and the relative insolubility of the products while the difficulty of hydrolysis of didesyl derivatives precluded the use of optically active benzoin for the same purpose. Part II is concerned with the preparation of diphenyl derivatives of stereochemical interest; three new dibromodi-methylbenzidines were the subject of optical resolution experiments. This part is sub-divided into four sections; the Historical Section, the Introduction, the Theoretical Section and the Experimental Section. The Historical Section, which does not contain any original work performed by the author, consists of a fairly extensive historical review of the stereochemistry of diphenyl derivatives. The Introduction, which likewise does not contain any of the author's experimental work completes the presentation of the facts and theories leading to the original research. The Introduction also deals with general methods of preparation of compounds analagous to those dealt with in the original work which follows in the Theoretical and Experimental Sections. The original work and its theoretical significance are | discussed in the Theoretical Section. In this Section also, mention is made of certain improvements in existing methods of preparation of previously known compounds. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Risques industriels : connaissances, perceptions et comportements

International audienceLa connaissance des risques industriels, permettant une prevention globalement amelioree, a considerablement progresse dans les demieres decennies. Il n'en demeure pas moins des zones de meconnaissance ou d'incertitudes importantes, tant dans les phenomenes accidentels que dans l'evaluation des impacts. Les efforts doivent-ils viser a mieux connaitre les risques ou a mieux gerer le mal connu

How Visitors and Locals at a Sport Event Differ in Motives and Identity

Although the literature on events differentiates between locals, casual attendees, and those who have travelled specifically to attend the event, little is known about how the types of attendee differ. This study compared the fan motivation, leisure motivation, and identification with the subculture of athletics reported by a sample (N = 777) of attendees at the 2005 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships. Age, gender, and income were also included. Regression analyses were used to determine the structure of relations among the variables, and to ascertain whether the levels of motivation or identity varied among the three types of attendee. Tests for linear restrictions were used to determine whether the structure of relations among the variables differed by type of attendee. The structure of relations among the variables did not differ among the three types of attendee, but attendees who had travelled specifically to attend the event reported substantially higher identification with the subculture of athletics, and slightly higher fan motivation. Identification with the subculture of athletics mediated much of the effect. Females reported higher fan motivation and higher leisure motivation than did males. Age had a small but significant relationship with fan motivation, and income had a small but significant relationship with leisure motivation. Findings are generally consistent with predictions derived from theories of motivation, subculture, and gender roles. It is suggested that marketing communications directed out-of-town should highlight opportunities to strengthen, parade, and celebrate, while those in the local trading radius should underscore the entertainment, aesthetics, and vicarious achievement featured at the event

Situational liminality: mis-managed consumer experience in liquid modernity

The purpose of the paper is to explore experience economy events from an abductive interpetivist perspective. The empirical part of the study is based on the self-reflective anthropologic inquiry method. This study sets out to propose that the awkwardness and setback experienced by the client, customer or visitor, may generate his/her agency to establish a more clear-cut construction of the experiential framework. However, if attempted the disambiguation demands significant emotional and, sometimes, physical labour, typically not undertaken willingly, and potentially resulting in the subject’s avoidance of exposure to similar experiences in future. Introducing the notion of ‘situational liminality’, the paper re-focuses the critical edge of inquiry away from agency-reducing aspects of experience economy, towards reflecting on their enforced, albeit not deliberate, agency-inducing consequences. By exploring the ‘liquid’ underpinnings of situational liminality, this study contributes to the ongoing discussion on liquid modernity in organizational context

Identifying service product features associated with visitor satisfaction and revisit intention: A focus on sports events

To date, it remains very challenging for managers to combine different features of sports events into compelling product/service offerings that meet visitors\u27 expectations. Yet, there is a scarcity of research that demonstrates how sport event managers can overcome this challenge, thereby leaving a gap in the sporting event literature. To fill part of this gap, this study used an in-depth bibliographic review to identify features commonly associated with product/service offerings at sports events and then used those features to create a new measuring instrument to examine different service offering scenarios. In this respect, seven key features were combined into 19 service offering scenarios. A total of 2229 responses were collected through structured questionnaires at six sports events in Taiwan. Then, this study used the collected responses to explore the associations amongst the 19 service offering scenarios, visitor satisfaction, and revisit intention using multiple regression equations. After examining the suitability of the models, the best fit models were then depicted with path analysis graphs for comparisons and contrasts. The findings of this study provide important insights on how sporting event marketers or destination managers can combine different product/service characteristics to build a set of product/service offering scenarios and then test the product/service offering scenarios that best meet visitors\u27 expectations and also increase visitors’ satisfaction level and their intention to come back

Identity crisis: A theoretical analysis of ‘team identification’ research.

Research question: Existing team identification research uses various definitions, conceptualisations, and theoretical frameworks. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of previous research using the two dominant theoretical approaches: identity theory and the social identity approach. Our primary purpose is to provide a theoretical framework for the on-going study of ‘team’ identification in sport management research. Findings: Scholars have used identity theory (role) and the social identity approach (group) in their quest to understand team identification, however, limited attention has been paid to the differences between the two frameworks. We focus on two aspects of role and group identification that epitomize divergence in terms of analytical focus and explanations for behavior: the basis for identification and salience. Implications. The manuscript concludes with three recommendations for future research. First, with the aim of making future research more specific, we recommend the use of fan (spectator) identification in studies using identity theory and team identification (organisation / brand) in studies exploring the influence of group identity. Second, we outline definitions for role (fan) and group (team) identification in sport research. Finally, we reflect on the measurement of team identification

La protection du patrimoine historique. Diagnostiquer - surveiller - traiter

Les sites et monuments historiques, comme tous les ouvrages naturels et humains, évoluent avec le temps du fait de l'action des éléments naturels ou de l'activité anthropique. Le caractère unique et l'intérêt général d'un monument ou d'un site amène donc la collectivité à se poser la question des moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour assurer la pérennité des ouvrages qu'elle souhaite conserver dans son patrimoine et la sécurité des personnes susceptibles die les visiter

Les Capacites de Superphenix comme outil de recherche : rapport

SIGLEAvailable at La Documentation francaise (FR) Number :96-4-0171 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc