Long-range photoinduced charge separation in tröger bases D/A dyads

Tröger´s base (and its derivatives) are compounds comprised of two aromatic (or polyaromatic) rings bridged by a diazocine aliphatic cycle. We report herein the photophysical properties of two series of novel Tröger´s bases (TB) asymmetrically substituted by electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) substituents. In TB series 3, a carbonitrile group (A[dbnd]CN) lies at the position 2 of the heterocycle, while position 8 is occupied by a series of D with increasing reductant capacity: H (3a), CH3 (3b), OCH3 (3c) or N(CH3)2 (3d). A novel TB series (5a-5d) which comprise the same D, but a 2,2-dicyanovinyl group (A = CHC(CN)2) as electron acceptor, was synthesized and fully characterized. TB absorption (νA max) and emission energies (νF max), fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) and emission lifetimes (τF) were determined in a series of aprotic solvents covering a wide range of medium polarity (ε∼2-38). νF max, ΦF and τF largely depend on the polarity of the medium and the nature of D/A pair. From the solvatochromic study on νF max, it is concluded that upon excitation TB´s develop large degrees of charge separation (CT). Photophysically, 3a-3c resembles 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile derivatives showing internal CT state dipole moments (μ1 *) of ∼ 15–17 D. For 3d and the entire series 5, CT occurs throughout the diazocine ring giving rise to giant μ1 * (> 25 D). This is indeed an unusual result, because it strongly suggests that the aliphatic diazocine ring can couple the D/A redox centers as a π bridge would do.Fil: Dusso, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Castronuovo, Priscila Ailin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Biotecnologia. Grupo de Investigacion En Quimica Analitica y Modelado Molecular.; ArgentinaFil: Montejano, Hernan Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; ArgentinaFil: Ramírez, Cristina L.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Parise, Alejandro Ruben. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Domingo Mariano Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Biotecnologia. Grupo de Investigacion En Quimica Analitica y Modelado Molecular.; ArgentinaFil: Moyano, Elizabeth Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Chesta, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; Argentin

Properties of singlet- and triplet-excited states of hemicyanine dyes

The fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields of hemicyanine dyes LDS 698, LDS 722, and LDS 730 were measured in different media. No transient species was detected in the laser flash-photolysis experiments performed with Ar-saturated solutions of the dyes in methanol. However, in the presence of 0.08 M potassium iodide, the absorption of the triplet states was clearly observed. Oxygen consumption measurements in the absence and presence of a chemical trap (furfuryl alcohol) in MeOH : H2O (ϕr = 1 : 1) solutions of the dyes containing KI confirmed the generation of singlet molecular oxygen.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Memoria del II Coloquio de verano de investigación de la Escuela de Negocios de ITESO, 2023

La memoria recoge cinco de las ponencias presentadas en el Coloquio de investigación de verano de la Escuela de Negocios, 2023. Durante las presentaciones y el diálogo quisimos hacer énfasis en dos aspectos de nuestra labor universitaria: 1) el fortalecimiento de la Escuela de Negocios como instancia interdepartamental que comparte una misión común; 2) el modo como las tres funciones sustantivas (docencia, investigación y vinculación) se retroalimentan y sostienen mutuamente. Se presentan resúmenes extendidos de los siguientes trabajos: Diagnóstico de cultura organizacional por alumnos del PAP de Gestión del cambio, del talento humano y la efectividad organizacional; Modelo estratégico de sostenibilidad basado en el modelo de flujos descontados (DCF); Laboratorios móviles: impulsando la industria creativa-cultural en Jalisco; Nueva estrategia de comunicación como proceso formativo para empresarios y emprendedores; Economía Social y Solidaria como un elemento para el desarrollo de talleres del sector artesanal.ITESO, A.C

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Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Implementación de un modelo de negocios para la empresa Sublimarte

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general, comenzar la implementación de un modelo de negocios para la empresa Sublimarte. Dicha microempresa es de nueva creación y se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada entre las ciudades de Puebla y Tlaxcala. Para el inicio del desarrollo de la investigación se presenta el planteamiento del problema, Hernández Sampieri menciona: “plantear el problema no es sino afinar y estructurar más formalmente la idea de investigación.” (Sampieri, 2010)