Censo avícola de Santander

Se expone un análisis general de la actividad avícola en la región del departamento de Santander, mostrando el estado actual de cada subsector componente de la industria. Se presenta un censo detallado de población avícola discriminando: aves de postura, aves de engorde, aves de reproducción, así como también conteo de construcciones, equipo utilizado, cantidad de alimento consumido y cantidad de alimento producido en la región. Adicionalmente se presentan análisis económicos de la producción de pollo de engorde y gallina ponedoraAvicultur

Evaluación fisiológica y nutricional del efecto de los taninos en los principales sorgos graníferos (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) cultivados en Colombia

Siendo el sorgo uno de los cereales más utilizados en la elaboración de raciones para aves en razón a la gran variedad de cultivares existentes, al desarrollo por parte de los fitomejoradores de cultivares de alta producción con mayor resistencia a plagas y conocidos como sorgos antipájaros dadas en gran parte por características como los contenidos de taninos, teniendo en el ave un comportamiento indeseable por ser un factor antinutricional que afecta el consumo, la digestibilidad proteica y contenido energético del grano. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los contenidos de catequina analizados por el método de Vainillina de 32 muestras de sorgo recolectadas en 6 de las principales zonas productoras de Colombia de acuerdo a la clasificación de Price encontrándose 4/32 de sorgos bajos en taninos (>0 a 1 a 2%E.C) para cumplir con el objetivo principal de determinar el contenido de taninos de los principales cultivares de sorgo más sembrados en el país, variando entre 0.17 y 3.47 % EC, estos se relacionaron con contenido energético y digestibilidad del nitrógeno encontrando que los niveles bajos 0.17 EC tienen una energía de 3565 Kcal.E.M/Kg.M.S y una digestibilidad verdadera de nitrógeno (DVN) de 69.54%, los niveles medios 1.64% EC tienen una energía de 3487.5 Kcal.E.M/Kg. M.S, DVN de 69.99% y los altos 3.24% EC de 3265.8 Kcal/Kg. MS, DVN 50.85%, además se evaluó el efecto de los taninos sobre el sistema inmunológico de las aves, no encontrándose diferencias en la respuesta inmunológica ni alteraciones histopatológicas en las estructuras de los órganos evaluados (Bolsa de Fabricio, Intestino delgado distal, Duodeno y Tonsilas cecales). Sin embargo se encontró que los taninos no afectan el peso de la bolsa pero si levemente la talla de la bolsa de Fabricio. En las pruebas biológicas se encuentro una correlación negativa entre el contenido de taninos sobre las ganancias de peso vivo, índice de eficiencia europeo (FEEP), eficiencia alimenticia y conversión de alimento, para pollo de engorde y producción de huevo, conversión de alimento por docena de huevo y masa de huevo para gallinas de postura.Sorgo-sorgos - Sorghum bicolo

Acercándonos a la realidad comunicativa de las nuevas generaciones: Telegram y tutorías.

La crisis sanitaria SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) precipitó la digitalización de los espacios educativos, la virtualización de la docencia y de la comunicación docente-alumnado, sobre todo en el contexto universitario, en el cual existía ya la necesidad de introducir metodologías de aprendizaje ajustadas a las nuevas características del estudiantado. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una propuesta de proyecto de innovación educativa sobre el uso de la aplicación de mensajería instantánea Telegram para complementar las tutorías tradicionales de la Universidad, el cual facilite una comunicación más directa y eficaz entre el equipo educativo y el alumnado, así como entre el grupo de iguales. Este proyecto presenta la aplicación de Telegram como un canal abierto de resolución de dudas, un medio de estudio colaborativo y como una herramienta más para lograr la implicación del estudiantado en las distintas materias en las que se aplique. Para la evaluación de la implementación del proyecto y la evaluación de resultados, se propone un abordaje mixto contando con métodos de recogida de información tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, a fin de obtener una visión profunda y contextualizada del impacto del proyecto en el alumnado, así como en el equipo docente. Se espera que el uso de la plataforma Telegram como herramienta complementaria a las tutorías, entre otros aspectos, facilite el proceso de aprendizaje, fomente la implicación del alumnado en clase, y genere cambios en las dinámicas de comunicación en el contexto académico universitario.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Las Tic, la innovación en el aula y sus impactos en la educación superior

El avance acelerado de la tecnología en la sociedad actual hace que, continuamente, se esté repensando la forma de llevar a cabo las actividades formativas en los diferentes campos del saber con el fin de obtener métodos más eficientes, eficaces e innovadores. Esta avalancha de cambios también invade al entorno educativo y obliga a que la sociedad se plantee una serie de interrogantes que cuestionan todos los ámbitos de la labor docente. La influencia en el ámbito educativo no solamente se limita al impacto que tiene el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones y programas en la labor del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, sino que también debe reconocerse el impacto que tiene sobre el currículo la incursión de nuevas técnicas, tecnologías y softwares, dado que modifican las competencias requeridas para el ejercicio profesional. Este trabajo contó con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: INVEDUSA, LIOS, LUMEN y Joaquín Aarón Manjarrés

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women