Who’s Bad? – The Influence of Perceived Humanness on Users’ Intention to Complain about Conversational Agent Errors to Others

The perception of humanness in a conversational agent (CA) has been shown to strongly impact users’ processing and reaction to it. However, it is largely unclear how this perception of humanness influences users’ processing of errors and subsequent intention for negative word-of-mouth (WoM). In this context, we propose two pathways between perceived humanness and negative WoM: a cognitive pathway and an affective pathway. In a 2x2 online experiment with chatbots, we manipulated both the occurrence of errors and the degree of humanlike design. Our findings indicate that perceived humanness effects users\u27 intentions towards negative WoM through the cognitive pathway: users\u27 confirmation of expectations is increased by perceived humanness, reducing negative WoM intentions. However, it has no effect on users’ anger and frustration and does not interact with the effects of errors. For practice, our results indicate that adding humanlike design elements can be a means to reduce negative WoM

Estimation of HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, 2013

OBJECTIVE To estimate HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, Recife and Curitiba, in the year of 2013. METHODS The method for estimating incidence was based on primary information, resulting from the Lag-Avidity laboratory test for detection of recent HIV infections, applied in a sample of the cases diagnosed in the two cities in 2013. For the estimation of the HIV incidence for the total population of the cities, the recent infections detected in the research were annualized and weighted by the inverse of the probability of HIV testing in 2013 among the infected and not diagnosed cases. After estimating HIV incidence for the total population, the incidence rates were estimated by sex, age group, and exposure category. RESULTS In Recife, 902 individuals aged 13 years and older were diagnosed with HIV infection. From these, 528 were included in the study, and the estimated proportion of recent infections was 13.1%. In Curitiba, 1,013 people aged 13 years and older were diagnosed, 497 participated in the study, and the proportion of recent infections was 10.5%. In Recife, the estimated incidence rate was 53.1/100,000 inhabitants of 13 years and older, while in Curitiba, it was 41.1/100,000, with male-to-female ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively. We observed high rates of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men, of 1.47% in Recife and 0.92% in Curitiba. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the two cities showed that the group of men who have sex with men are disproportionately subject to a greater risk of new infections, and indicate that strategies to control the spread of the epidemic in this population subgroup are essential and urgent.OBJETIVO Estimar a incidência de HIV em dois municípios brasileiros, Recife e Curitiba, no ano de 2013. MÉTODOS O método de estimação da incidência foi baseado em informações primárias, resultantes do ensaio laboratorial Lag-Avidity para detecção de infecções recentes do HIV, aplicado em uma amostra dos casos diagnosticados nas duas cidades em 2013. Para a estimação da incidência de HIV para a população total das cidades, as infecções recentes detectadas na pesquisa foram anualizadas e ponderadas pelo inverso da probabilidade de teste de HIV no ano de 2013 entre os casos infectados e não diagnosticados. Após a estimação da incidência de HIV para a população total, foram estimadas as taxas de incidência por sexo, faixa de idade e categoria de exposição. RESULTADOS Em Recife, foram diagnosticados 902 indivíduos de 13 anos e mais com infecção de HIV. Desses, 528 foram incluídos no estudo, e a proporção estimada de infecções recentes foi de 13,1%. Em Curitiba, foram diagnosticadas 1.013 pessoas de 13 anos e mais, 497 participaram do estudo, e a proporção de infecções recentes foi de 10,5%. Em Recife, a taxa de incidência estimada foi de 53,1 por 100 mil habitantes de 13 anos e mais, enquanto em Curitiba, de 41,1 por 100 mil, com razão do sexo masculino para o feminino de 3,5 e 2,4, respectivamente. Foram evidenciadas elevadas taxas de incidência de HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens, de 1,47% em Recife e 0,92% em Curitiba. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados obtidos nas duas cidades mostraram que o grupo dos homens que fazem sexo com homens está desproporcionalmente sujeito ao maior risco de novas infecções, e indicam que estratégias para controle da disseminação da epidemia nesse subgrupo populacional são essenciais e urgentes

Identification of CIITA Regulated Genetic Module Dedicated for Antigen Presentation

The class II trans-activator CIITA is a transcriptional co-activator required for the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. Although the latter function is well established, the global target-gene specificity of CIITA had not been defined. We therefore generated a comprehensive list of its target genes by performing genome-wide scans employing four different approaches designed to identify promoters that are occupied by CIITA in two key antigen presenting cells, B cells and dendritic cells. Surprisingly, in addition to MHC genes, only nine new targets were identified and validated by extensive functional and expression analysis. Seven of these genes are known or likely to function in processes contributing to MHC-mediated antigen presentation. The remaining two are of unknown function. CIITA is thus uniquely dedicated for genes implicated in antigen presentation. The finding that CIITA regulates such a highly focused gene expression module sets it apart from all other transcription factors, for which large-scale binding-site mapping has indicated that they exert pleiotropic functions and regulate large numbers of genes

Estimation of HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, 2013

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, Recife and Curitiba, in the year of 2013. METHODS The method for estimating incidence was based on primary information, resulting from the Lag-Avidity laboratory test for detection of recent HIV infections, applied in a sample of the cases diagnosed in the two cities in 2013. For the estimation of the HIV incidence for the total population of the cities, the recent infections detected in the research were annualized and weighted by the inverse of the probability of HIV testing in 2013 among the infected and not diagnosed cases. After estimating HIV incidence for the total population, the incidence rates were estimated by sex, age group, and exposure category. RESULTS In Recife, 902 individuals aged 13 years and older were diagnosed with HIV infection. From these, 528 were included in the study, and the estimated proportion of recent infections was 13.1%. In Curitiba, 1,013 people aged 13 years and older were diagnosed, 497 participated in the study, and the proportion of recent infections was 10.5%. In Recife, the estimated incidence rate was 53.1/100,000 inhabitants of 13 years and older, while in Curitiba, it was 41.1/100,000, with male-to-female ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively. We observed high rates of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men, of 1.47% in Recife and 0.92% in Curitiba. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the two cities showed that the group of men who have sex with men are disproportionately subject to a greater risk of new infections, and indicate that strategies to control the spread of the epidemic in this population subgroup are essential and urgent

Estimation of HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, 2013

Submitted by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-06-05T12:57:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 27598785 2016 szw-est.oa.pdf: 231045 bytes, checksum: 5ce05e19f0b42cff331df1fa56b9d6dd (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-06-05T12:57:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 27598785 2016 szw-est.oa.pdf: 231045 bytes, checksum: 5ce05e19f0b42cff331df1fa56b9d6dd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T12:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27598785 2016 szw-est.oa.pdf: 231045 bytes, checksum: 5ce05e19f0b42cff331df1fa56b9d6dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Laboratório de Informações em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Recife, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Saúde Comunitária. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Curitiba. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Recife. Laboratório Municipal de Saúde Pública. Recife, PE, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Recife. Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Recife, PE, Brasil.Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Laboratório de Informações em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, Aids e Hepatites Virais. Distrito Federal, Brasil.OBJECTIVE: To estimate HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, Recife and Curitiba, in the year of 2013. METHODS: The method for estimating incidence was based on primary information, resulting from the Lag-Avidity laboratory test for detection of recent HIV infections, applied in a sample of the cases diagnosed in the two cities in 2013. For the estimation of the HIV incidence for the total population of the cities, the recent infections detected in the research were annualized and weighted by the inverse of the probability of HIV testing in 2013 among the infected and not diagnosed cases. After estimating HIV incidence for the total population, the incidence rates were estimated by sex, age group, and exposure category. RESULTS: In Recife, 902 individuals aged 13 years and older were diagnosed with HIV infection. From these, 528 were included in the study, and the estimated proportion of recent infections was 13.1%. In Curitiba, 1,013 people aged 13 years and older were diagnosed, 497 participated in the study, and the proportion of recent infections was 10.5%. In Recife, the estimated incidence rate was 53.1/100,000 inhabitants of 13 years and older, while in Curitiba, it was 41.1/100,000, with male-to-female ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively. We observed high rates of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men, of 1.47% in Recife and 0.92% in Curitiba. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the two cities showed that the group of men who have sex with men are disproportionately subject to a greater risk of new infections, and indicate that strategies to control the spread of the epidemic in this population subgroup are essential and urgent

Candida albicans-specific Th17 cell-mediated response contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease is accompanied by intestinal mycobiome dysbiosis, yet the impacts on liver disease are unclear. We demonstrate that Candida albicans-specific T helper 17 (Th17) cells are increased in circulation and present in the liver of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. Chronic ethanol administration in mice causes migration of Candida albicans (C. albicans)-reactive Th17 cells from the intestine to the liver. The antifungal agent nystatin decreased C. albicans-specific Th17 cells in the liver and reduced ethanol-induced liver disease in mice. Transgenic mice expressing T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to Candida antigens developed more severe ethanol-induced liver disease than transgene-negative littermates. Adoptively transferring Candida-specific TCR transgenic T cells or polyclonal C. albicans-primed T cells exacerbated ethanol-induced liver disease in wild-type mice. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor A signaling in Kupffer cells was required for the effects of polyclonal C. albicans-primed T cells. Our findings indicate that ethanol increases C. albicans-specific Th17 cells, which contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease

The Heterogeneity of Ly6C(hi) Monocytes Controls Their Differentiation into iNOS(+) Macrophages or Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

P.G. is a CNRS investigator. S.M. is funded by King’s Overseas Research Studentships. The research was supported by the MRC (MR/K01241X/1), BBSRC (BB/M029735/1), and King’s Health Partners. We thank Dr. Loredana Saveanu, Prof. Caetano Reis e Sousa, and Dr. Julie Helft for reagents and insightful discussions. All flow cytometry work was performed within the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London; we especially thank Prabhjoat Singh Chana for help at the facility and Nedyalko Petrov for assistance with t-SNE analysis. We would like to thank Matthew Arno and Erick Nasser at the Genomics Centre of King’s College London for performing the microarray experiments and providing technical support. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health