15 research outputs found

    CLOSET IMPURITIES: MISCEGENATION AND THE RACIAL CLOSET IN URBANO DUARTE AND ARTUR DE AZEVEDO’S O ESCRAVOCRATA

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    Abstract: Through a close reading of Artur de Azevedo and Urbano Duarte’s 1882 play O Escravocrata [The Slaveocrat], I examine the period anxieties surrounding miscegenation between black men and white women in the wake of abolition and turn of the century European immigration. Juxtaposing Brazil and the United States, I argue that these socially prohibited relationships challenged both slavery as an institution and Brazilian racial categorization. Drawing from queer theory, I show how the progeny of these interracial relationships lived in what I term a “racial closet,” a space marked by clandestinity and precarity, and how the constitutive practice of “racial outing,” the public revelation of African heritage was a way of sustaining white supremacy and the social and political distinctions between black and white, free and enslaved. Key words: Slavery; Miscegenation; Theater; Abolition Resumo: Através de uma leitura atenta da peça teatral, O Escravocrata (1882), de Artur Azevedo e Urbano Duarte, o seguinte ensaio examina as ansiedades brancas em torno da mestiçagem entre homens negros e mulheres brancas depois da abolição e no contexto da imigração europeia para o Brasil. Por meio de uma lente crítica e comparativa entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, proponho que tais relações proibidas desafiaram tanto a instituição escravocrata como as estruturas nacionais de categorização racial. Partindo da teoria queer, procuro demonstrar como os frutos destas relações inter-raciais acabavam por ocupar um “armário racial” – um espaço marcado pela clandestinidade e precariedade – e como a prática de “flagramento racial,” a revelação pública de ascendência africana, funcionou como método de reproduzir as estruturas vigentes de supremacia branca e as distinções sociais e políticas entre branco e negro, livre e escravo.Palavras-chave: Escravidão; Mestiçagem; Teatro; Aboliçã

    PREDATORY PERVERSIONS: HOMOSEXUALITY AND THE EROTICS OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY IN ADOLFO CAMINHA’S BOM-CRIOULO

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    Abstract: Through an examination of period medical literature, this article examines Adolfo Caminha’s decidedly tragic and homophobic construction of homosexuality as a synthesis of the medical, historical, and the political. Homosexuality is not merely theorized as a sexual practice or identity, but rather the embodiment of two foundational historical institutions that shaped Brazil’s past and present: Portuguese colonialism and slavery.  For Caminha, homosexuality as an embodiment of these two institutions, is what I am terming a “predatory perversion,” depraved, destructive, and above all, non-generative forces that would only result in Brazil’s demise.Key Words: Homosexuality, Medicine, Slavery, Colonialism Resumo: Através de uma análise crítica de literatura médica do fim do século dezenove, este ensaio examina a construção decididamente trágica e homofóbica da homossexualidade como uma síntese de ideologias médicas, históricas, e políticas. Teorizo a homossexualidade no romance não apenas como uma prática sexual ou faceta identitária, mas também como a encenação de duas instituições fundamentais que geraram o presente e o passado do Brasil: o colonialismo português e a escravidão. Para Caminha, a homossexualidade como encarnação simbólica, constitui o que denomino “perversão predatória” – composta por forças depravadas, destrutivas, e, sobretudo, não-generativas que só resultariam na destruição do Brasil.Palavras Chaves: Homosexualismo, Medicina, Escravidão, Colonialism

    NELSON H. VIEIRA, HIS LEGACIES, AND THE CURRENT VOLUME

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    Small RNAs — the secret agents in the plant–pathogen interactions

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    Eukaryotic regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) that induce RNA interference (RNAi) are involved in a plethora of biological processes, including host immunity and pathogen virulence. In plants, diverse classes of sRNAs contribute to the regulation of host innate immunity. These immune-regulatory sRNAs operate through distinct RNAi pathways that trigger transcriptional or post-transcriptional gene silencing. Similarly, many pathogen-derived sRNAs also regulate pathogen virulence. Remarkably, the influence of regulatory sRNAs is not limited to the individual organism in which they are generated. It can sometimes extend to interacting species from even different kingdoms. There they trigger gene silencing in the interacting organism, a phenomenon called cross-kingdom RNAi. This is exhibited in advanced pathogens and parasites that produce sRNAs to suppress host immunity. Conversely, in host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), diverse plants are engineered to trigger RNAi against pathogens and pests to confer host resistance. Cross-kingdom RNAi opens up a vastly unexplored area of research on mobile sRNAs in the battlefield between hosts and pathogens
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