471 research outputs found
Markers of cardiac dysfunction in cognitive impairment and dementia
Markers of cardiac dysfunction such as amino terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) may be associated with dementia. However, limited data exist on their association with either pre-dementia stages, that is, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), or the burden of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). We therefore, examined the association of these biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction with CeVD in both CIND and dementia. A case–control study, with cases recruited from memory clinics and controls from memory clinics and community. All subjects underwent collection of blood samples, neuropsychological assessment, and neuroimaging. Subjects were classified as CIND and dementia based on clinical criteria whilst significant CeVD was defined as the presence of cortical infarcts and/or more than 2 lacunes and/or confluent white matter lesions in two regions of brain on Age-Related White Matter Changes Scale. We included a total of 35 controls (mean age: 65.9 years), 78 CIND (mean age: 70.2 years) and 80 cases with dementia (mean age: 75.6 years). Plasma concentrations of hs-cTnT were associated significantly with CeVD in both CIND (odds ratios [OR]: 9.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–49.79) and dementia (OR: 16.89; 95%CI: 2.02–142.67). In addition, NTpro-BNP was associated with dementia with CeVD (OR: 7.74; 95%CI: 1.23–48.58). These associations were independent of other vascular risk factors. In this study, we showed that plasma NTproBNP and hs-cTnT are associated with dementia and CIND, only when accompanied by presence of CeVD
L\'evy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in GeV AuAu collisions
We present a detailed measurement of charged two-pion correlation functions
in 0%-30% centrality GeV AuAu collisions by the
PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data are well
described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from L\'evy-stable
source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extract the
correlation strength parameter , the L\'evy index of stability
and the L\'evy length scale parameter as a function of average
transverse mass of the pair . We find that the positively and the
negatively charged pion pairs yield consistent results, and their correlation
functions are represented, within uncertainties, by the same L\'evy-stable
source functions. The measurements indicate a decrease of the
strength of the correlations at low . The L\'evy length scale parameter
decreases with increasing , following a hydrodynamically
predicted type of scaling behavior. The values of the L\'evy index of stability
are found to be significantly lower than the Gaussian case of
, but also significantly larger than the conjectured value that may
characterize the critical point of a second-order quark-hadron phase
transition.Comment: 448 authors, 25 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 2010 data. v2 is version
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the
points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or
will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanomaterials for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Imaging Applications
Nanotechnology offers outstanding potential for future biomedical applications. In particular, due to their unique characteristics, hybrid nanomaterials have recently been investigated as promising platforms for imaging and therapeutic applications. This class of nanoparticles can not only retain valuable features of both inorganic and organic moieties, but also provides the ability to systematically modify the properties of the hybrid material through the combination of functional elements. Moreover, the conjugation of targeting moieties on the surface of these nanomaterials gives them specific targeted imaging and therapeutic properties. In this review, we summarize the recent reports in the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical areas. Their applications as imaging and therapeutic agents in vivo will be highlighted
J/psi suppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=39 and 62.4 GeV
We present measurements of the J/psi invariant yields in sqrt(s_NN)=39 and
62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions at forward rapidity (1.2<|y|<2.2). Invariant yields
are presented as a function of both collision centrality and transverse
momentum. Nuclear modifications are obtained for central relative to peripheral
Au+Au collisions (R_CP) and for various centrality selections in Au+Au relative
to scaled p+p cross sections obtained from other measurements (R_AA). The
observed suppression patterns at 39 and 62.4 GeV are quite similar to those
previously measured at 200 GeV. This similar suppression presents a challenge
to theoretical models that contain various competing mechanisms with different
energy dependencies, some of which cause suppression and others enhancement.Comment: 365 authors, 10 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Nuclear matter effects on production in asymmetric Cu+Au collisions at = 200 GeV
We report on production from asymmetric Cu+Au heavy-ion collisions
at =200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at both
forward (Cu-going direction) and backward (Au-going direction) rapidities. The
nuclear modification of yields in CuAu collisions in the Au-going
direction is found to be comparable to that in AuAu collisions when plotted
as a function of the number of participating nucleons. In the Cu-going
direction, production shows a stronger suppression. This difference is
comparable in magnitude and has the same sign as the difference expected from
shadowing effects due to stronger low- gluon suppression in the larger Au
nucleus. The relative suppression is opposite to that expected from hot nuclear
matter dissociation, since a higher energy density is expected in the Au-going
direction.Comment: 349 authors, 10 pages, 4 figures, and 4 tables. Submitted to Phys.
Rev. C. For v2, fixed LaTeX error in 3rd-to-last sentence. Plain text data
tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX
publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Inclusive cross section and double-helicity asymmetry for production at midrapidity in collisions at GeV
PHENIX measurements are presented for the cross section and double-helicity
asymmetry () in inclusive production at midrapidity from
collisions at ~GeV from data taken in 2012 and 2013 at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The next-to-leading-order
perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics theory calculation is in excellent
agreement with the presented cross section results. The calculation utilized
parton-to-pion fragmentation functions from the recent DSS14 global analysis,
which prefer a smaller gluon-to-pion fragmentation function. The
results follow an increasingly positive asymmetry trend with
and with respect to the predictions and are in excellent
agreement with the latest global analysis results. This analysis incorporated
earlier results on and jet , and suggested a positive
contribution of gluon polarization to the spin of the proton for the
gluon momentum fraction range . The data presented here extend to a
currently unexplored region, down to , and thus provide additional
constraints on the value of . The results confirm the evidence for
nonzero using a different production channel in a complementary
kinematic region.Comment: 413 authors, 8 pages, 4 figures. v2 is version accepted as PRD Rapid
Communication. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for
this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in AuAu collisions at GeV
We report the measurement of cumulants () of the net-charge
distributions measured within pseudorapidity () in AuAu
collisions at GeV with the PHENIX experiment at the
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The ratios of cumulants (e.g. ,
) of the net-charge distributions, which can be related to volume
independent susceptibility ratios, are studied as a function of centrality and
energy. These quantities are important to understand the quantum-chromodynamics
phase diagram and possible existence of a critical end point. The measured
values are very well described by expectation from negative binomial
distributions. We do not observe any nonmonotonic behavior in the ratios of the
cumulants as a function of collision energy. The measured values of and can be directly compared to lattice
quantum-chromodynamics calculations and thus allow extraction of both the
chemical freeze-out temperature and the baryon chemical potential at each
center-of-mass energy.Comment: 512 authors, 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. v2 is version accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev. C as a Rapid Communication. Plain text data tables
for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications
are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Medium modification of jet fragmentation in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadron correlations
The jet fragmentation function is measured with direct photon-hadron
correlations in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The p_T of the
photon is an excellent approximation to the initial p_T of the jet and the
ratio z_T=p_T^h/p_T^\gamma is used as a proxy for the jet fragmentation
function. A statistical subtraction is used to extract the direct photon-hadron
yields in Au+Au collisions while a photon isolation cut is applied in p+p. I_
AA, the ratio of jet fragment yield in Au+Au to that in p+p, indicates
modification of the jet fragmentation function. Suppression, most likely due to
energy loss in the medium, is seen at high z_T. The fragment yield at low z_T
is enhanced at large angles. Such a trend is expected from redistribution of
the lost energy into increased production of low-momentum particles.Comment: 562 authors, 70 insitutions, 8 pages, and 3 figures. Submitted to
Phys. Rev. Lett. v2 has minor changes to improve clarity. Plain text data
tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX
publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
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