La satisfaction du consommateur, ses déterminants et ses conséquences

Cet article présente une revue de la littérature sur la satisfaction du consommateur. Dans une première partie, on définira le construit de satisfaction et on le distinguera des concepts voisins. Dans une deuxième partie, on présentera les déterminants de la satisfaction. Dans une troisième partie, on examinera les conséquences de la satisfaction et de l’insatisfaction. Dans la quatrième et dernière partie, on proposera des voies de recherches futures.In this paper, we present a review of the research literature on consumer satisfaction. In the first section, I define satisfaction and review the existent confusion with several related constructs. In the second section, I present the determinants of satisfaction. In the third section, I examine the consequences of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Finally, in section four, several future research avenues will be proposed

The impact of Tunisian Capparidaceae species on cytological, physiological and biochemical mechanisms in lettuce

AbstractThe Capparidaceae species had excellent phytotoxic effect on weed growth in Tunisia with, regardless to the several perturbation of physiological and cellular processes in target plants. In this study, we report the allelochemicals stress of aqueous (15g/L) and methanol (6g/L) extracts of leaves Capparis spinosa L. and siliquae of Cleome arabica L. on the cytological, physiological and biochemical processes of lettuce. The results showed that aqueous extracts exhibited the mainly cytotoxic effect on root tip cells, with a morphological modification and necrosis phenomena, which correlated with a drastic reduction of mitotic index. In fact, allelochemicals present in these extracts triggered oxidative damage in lettuce manifested by lipid peroxidation as evidenced by increased content of malondialdehyde. In response to this, the disruption in the membrane permeability was revealed by a strong electrolyte leakage. The increase of the antioxidant secondary metabolites was the result of the lyase activity stimulation. In addition, the photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll and carotenoids, were maintained by the functional regulation of proline in the cellular levels. These empirical studies consist in valuable bases for more thorough promising studies will help to decipher the allelochemicals; thus, to enhance new natural herbicides mode of action and to help its application on agricultural fields

Physiological and oxidative stress responses of lettuce to cleomside A: a thiohydroximate, as a new allelochemical from Cleome arabica L.

The inclination toward natural products have led the onset for the discovery of new bioactive metabolites that could be targeted for specific therapeutic or agronomic applications. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from Cleome arabica L., and subsequently determine the unexplored mechanism of action of the newly identified compounds on Lactuca sativa L. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic silique extract of C. arabica afforded seven secondary metabolites belonging to different classes such as flavonoids, triterpene, and a new thiohydroximate derivative, named cleomside A. Among phytotoxic assays, the growth of lettuce was totally inhibited by cleomside A compared to the other identified compounds. This effect was associated with the increased levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide indicating disruption of membrane integrity and induction of oxidative stress. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX were also elevated, thereby demonstrating the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species upon identified allelochemical exposure. Thus, the changes caused by cleomside A described herein can contribute to better understanding the allelochemical actions of thiohydroximate and the potential use of these substances in the production of natural herbicides compared to the other identified flavonoids and triterpene

10 years of service quality measurement: reviewing the use of the SERVQUAL instrument

In 1988, Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry developed an instrument to measure the quality of service. Since that date, this instrument has been used in numerous studies on different industries and in different countries, both by academics and professionals. However, despite its wide dissemination, few studies deal with the dimensionality and validity aspects of this measurement scale. This article describes the practices observed in relation to these aspects through the analysis of the studies that SERVQUAL has used during the last ten years. From a sample of 60 empirical studies using the SERVQUAL scale, the main aspects of validity dealt with by each author are analysed, using an analysis template adapted from the study of Stokes and Miller (1975). Based on the available data, the study suggests that the scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988) does not present a stable dimensional structure of five factors. Finally, the article evaluates the influence of the characteristics of the research design on the reliability of SERVQUAL.En 1988 Parasuraman Zeithaml y Berry elaboraron un instrumento para medir la calidad del servicio. Desde esa fecha este instrumento ha sido utilizado en numerosos estudios sobre distintas industrias y en diferentes países tanto por académicos como por profesionales. Sin embargo a pesar de su amplia difusión pocos estudios tratan los aspectos de dimensionalidad y validez de esta escala de medición. El presente artículo describe las prácticas observadas con relación a estos aspectos a través del análisis de los estudios que han usado SERVQUAL durante los últimos diez años. A partir de una muestra de 60 trabajos empíricos que usan la escala SERVQUAL se analiza los principales aspectos de validez tratados por cada autor empleando una plantilla de análisis adaptada del estudio de Stokes y Miller (1975). Con base en los datos disponibles el estudio sugiere que la escala desarrollada por Parasuraman Zeithaml y Berry (1988) no presenta una estructura dimensional estable de cinco factores. Finalmente el artículo evalúa la influencia de las caraterísticas del diseño de la investigación sobre la confiabilidad de SERVQUAL

Modélisation, Supervision et optimisation du déroulement d'un procédé médical - CHIP

National audienceLa Chimio-Hyperthermie Intra-péritonéale (CHIP) s'est révélée comme un traitement efficace et intéressant pour les cancers d'origine digestive. L'association de l'hyperthermie et de la chimiothérapie a prouvé ses résultats cytotoxiques indéniables pour les cellules cancéreuses. Cependant l'application de cette technique à ventre fermé ne garantit pas une homogénéité de la répartition de la température et du médicament dans la cavité abdominale. Cet article porte essentiellement sur la modélisation de l'aspect thermique de la CHIP et propose un outil de supervision en temps réel et in vivo du processus. Un modèle adaptatif, permettant de simuler la température de sortie de la cavité abdominale est présenté et validé à l'aide de données réelles, acquises in vivo au cours de plusieurs CHIP réalisées au sein des Centres hospitaliers - partenaires du projet de recherche : CH Lyon-Sud (CHLS), CHU Bellevue (Saint-Etienne)

The influence of individual characteristics on moviegoers’ satisfaction ratings

This study examined individual characteristics that could potentially influence moviegoers’ satisfaction ratings. The study conducted among 470 moviegoers showed a significant but modest effect of age and need for emotions on satisfaction ratings. Based on a correlation analysis, involvement, mood and gender have no effect on moviegoers’ satisfaction ratings. However, mixed results from a regression analysis call for further research to explore the potential effect of gender and involvement on moviegoers’ satisfaction ratings

Induction and flow cytometry identification of mixoploidy through colchicine treatment of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Polyploidy plays an important role in plant evolution and constitutes an important mechanism of diversification and genetic variations creation. The objective of this study was to produce a polyploid cultivar of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (2n=16) and to evaluate its cytological potentialities. Polyploidy induction was carried out by using a 0.05% colchicine solution. Ploidy level was determined by an analysis of flow cytometry, which is suitable, quick and easy for the identification of ploidy level. Quantification of DNA by spectrophotometric methods showed that treated plants presented higher contents of cellular DNA than diploid plants, and this quantification was checked by fluorescence method and comparison of the DNA profiles showed a more significant thickness of the DNA band in the extract from the treated plants than the diploid plants. In addition, the tested plants were classed as diploid and mixoploid by flow cytometry. The cytological characteristics such as the stomata size and pollen grain diameter of the mixoploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. Polyploidy induction is an effective method to increase plant performance.Key words: Fenugreek, colchicine, flow cytometry, polyploidy, mixoploidy

Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies of Lactuca sativa L. in response to Olea europaea L. and Ficus carica L. allelochemicals

Agro-industrial wastes of Ficus carica L. and Olea europaea L. represent great sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that would be actively involved in sustainable development. Most of these wastes possess a valuable source of phytotoxic compounds that would be used as potential bioherbicides, but their function and mechanisms of action in cultivated crops remain far to be understood. In this study, we investigate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of action of fig and olive allelochemicals extracts in lettuce as a model plant for weed species studies. Results revealed that these allelochemicals triggered an oxidative stress through cell membrane damage in lettuce roots and leaves, which was mitigated by various adaptive responses. Therefore, an intricate defense system was implicated by the increase of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in lettuce tissues. This adaptive physiological response was highly correlated with the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway through the distinguished activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by 98% and phenolic accumulation by 85% under olive and fig leaves aqueous extracts. The outcomes of this study will help understanding the response of cultivated crop to fig and olive phenolic compounds that can be selective in their actions, or the plants can be selective in their responses

Use of citric acid-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol for cotton warp yarns cold sizing

The properties of pure and citric acid-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol sizes in terms of viscosity, cohesive power, adhesive capacity, mechanical properties, and hairiness of sized yarns have been studied. Furthermore, pure and plasticized polyvinyl alcohol films are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy to describe intermolecular interactions. The morphology of sized yarns is studied by SEM images. It is confirmed that citric acid could enhance film properties, adhesion ability of polyvinyl alcohol to cotton fibres, hairiness, and mechanical properties of sized yarns. The desizeability of the prepared sizes is also checked and found high and efficient, which indicates that the citric acid-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol possess the application potential to cotton warp cold sizing.