Procedimiento para la extracción de carotenoides utilizando fases líquidas nanoestructuradas

La presente invención se encuadra en el campo general de la química de productos naturales y en particular se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtención de carotenoides a partir de biomasa, y al uso de dichos productos en la industria farmacéutica y alimentaria donde los carotenoides se utilizan como suplementos nutricionales y aditivos. Los carotenoides (carotenos y xantofilas) son pigmentos naturales utilizados como aditivos alimentarios en acuicultura para la coloración de la carne de los salmónidos y como nutracéuticos y aditivos en alimentos para consumo humano. Entre los beneficios atribuidos a los carotenoides destacan su actividad antitumoral, propiedades antiinflamatorias y antidiabéticas, y su efecto protector del corazón, sistema nervioso, ojos y piel. Los carotenoides se obtienen mediante síntesis química o extracción de fuentes naturales como microalgas, levaduras y flores utilizando disolventes orgánicos. En el procedimiento propuesto se utilizan fases líquidas nanoestructuradas para la extracción y enriquecimiento de carotenoides a partir de fuentes naturales. Este procedimiento es rápido, eficaz y económico, no requiere instalaciones especiales u operaciones complicadas y proporciona productos que no contienen residuos tóxicos y, por lo tanto, pueden utilizarse en aplicaciones farmacéuticas y alimentarias

The RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform: Accelerating diagnosis, research, and gene discovery for rare diseases.

Rare disease patients are more likely to receive a rapid molecular diagnosis nowadays thanks to the wide adoption of next-generation sequencing. However, many cases remain undiagnosed even after exome or genome analysis, because the methods used missed the molecular cause in a known gene, or a novel causative gene could not be identified and/or confirmed. To address these challenges, the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) facilitates the collation, discovery, sharing, and analysis of standardized genome-phenome data within a collaborative environment. Authorized clinicians and researchers submit pseudonymised phenotypic profiles encoded using the Human Phenotype Ontology, and raw genomic data which is processed through a standardized pipeline. After an optional embargo period, the data are shared with other platform users, with the objective that similar cases in the system and queries from peers may help diagnose the case. Additionally, the platform enables bidirectional discovery of similar cases in other databases from the Matchmaker Exchange network. To facilitate genome-phenome analysis and interpretation by clinical researchers, the RD-Connect GPAP provides a powerful user-friendly interface and leverages tens of information sources. As a result, the resource has already helped diagnose hundreds of rare disease patients and discover new disease causing genes

Solving patients with rare diseases through programmatic reanalysis of genome-phenome data.

Funder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Health (FP7-HEALTH - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Health); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100011272; Grant(s): 305444, 305444Funder: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329Funder: Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809Funder: EC | European Regional Development Fund (Europski Fond za Regionalni Razvoj); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530Funder: Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática ELIXIR Implementation Studies Centro de Excelencia Severo OchoaFunder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Health (FP7-HEALTH - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Health)Reanalysis of inconclusive exome/genome sequencing data increases the diagnosis yield of patients with rare diseases. However, the cost and efforts required for reanalysis prevent its routine implementation in research and clinical environments. The Solve-RD project aims to reveal the molecular causes underlying undiagnosed rare diseases. One of the goals is to implement innovative approaches to reanalyse the exomes and genomes from thousands of well-studied undiagnosed cases. The raw genomic data is submitted to Solve-RD through the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) together with standardised phenotypic and pedigree data. We have developed a programmatic workflow to reanalyse genome-phenome data. It uses the RD-Connect GPAP's Application Programming Interface (API) and relies on the big-data technologies upon which the system is built. We have applied the workflow to prioritise rare known pathogenic variants from 4411 undiagnosed cases. The queries returned an average of 1.45 variants per case, which first were evaluated in bulk by a panel of disease experts and afterwards specifically by the submitter of each case. A total of 120 index cases (21.2% of prioritised cases, 2.7% of all exome/genome-negative samples) have already been solved, with others being under investigation. The implementation of solutions as the one described here provide the technical framework to enable periodic case-level data re-evaluation in clinical settings, as recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics

Caractérisation des sialidases chez le parasite Trypanosoma vivax (rôle dans l'anémie)

La trypanosomiase animale africaine (TAA) est une pathologie qui sévit en Afrique sub-saharienne et qui représente un obstacle majeur à l élevage du bétail et à la production agricole. Cette pathologie est causée principalement par les parasites T. congolense et T. vivax. Elle affecte le bétail, les animaux domestiques et sauvages, sur un territoire de 10 millions de km2 où ces animaux cohabitent avec l insecte vecteur, la mouche Tsé-Tsé. L infection du bétail par ces parasites provoque une anémie sévère pouvant entraîner la mort de l animal. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés à l étude des mécanismes impliqués dans le développement de l anémie lors de l infection de l animal par T. vivax. Pour cela, nous avons développé un modèle murin d infection par T. vivax. Nous avons démontré que l infection à T. vivax induit d importantes modifications des acides sialiques présents à la surface des érythrocytes. De plus, nous avons établi un système expérimental ex-vivo qui nous a permis de montrer que l anémie observée au cours de l infection était dépendante du mécanisme d érythrophagocytose. Les modifications en acides sialiques des érythrocytes constitueraient un signal de reconnaissance des érythrocytes par les cellules phagocytaires de l hôte. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis au point des conditions de culture in vitro pour tous les stades parasitaires de T. vivax et T. congolense afin de développer des outils de génomique fonctionnelle. Ces avancées nous ont notamment permis d identifier des enzymes de type sialidase et trans-sialidase et de détecter les activités enzymatiques correspondantes dans les formes infectieuses de ces parasites. Nous avons exprimé des trans-sialidases recombinantes et démontré qu elles étaient capables de reproduire in vitro certaines des caractéristiques pathologiques définies in vivo : modifications en acides sialiques des érythrocytes et augmentation de l érythrophagocytose. Par conséquent, ces travaux ont permis pour la première fois de mettre en évidence un lien entre l expression des sialidases et trans-sialidases chez le parasite T. vivax et le développement de l anémie au cours de la TAA.African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a parasitic disease occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. It impairs livestock development and agricultural production. This disease is mainly caused by T. congolense and T. vivax parasites and is present in livestock, domestic and wild animals, covering an area of over a 10 millions km2, that is known as the Tsé-Tsé fly belt. These infections cause severe anaemia leading to animal death in most cases. In this context, we were interested in unravelling the mechanisms responsible for anaemia caused by T. vivax infection. We developed a murine model for T. vivax infection and our data pointed out important sialic acid modifications of the mouse erythrocyte surface during infection. Additionally, an ex-vivo experimental model was established which proved that anaemia associated with infection depends on erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, we propose that sialic acid modifications associated with infection are involved in the erythrophagocytosis mechanism. Furthermore, in order to develop genetic tools we established in vitro culture conditions for all parasite forms of T. vivax and T. congolense. Parasite cultivation allowed the detection of sialidase and trans-sialidase activity and identifies the presence and function of these proteins in the mammalian form of the parasite. Moreover, trans-sialidase recombinant proteins reproduced some of the T. vivax infection characteristics such as sialic acid modification and increased erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, this work provides the first evidence that links the expression of sialidases and trans-sialidases in T. vivax with the development of anemia during AAT.BORDEAUX2-Bib. électronique (335229905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Un modèle prion (études génétique et fonctionnelle de la protéine HET-s chez le champignon filamenteux Podospora anserina)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism

Comment inNovel Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Cytarabine Resistance in Primary AML Cells. [Cancer Discov. 2017]International audienceChemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are thought to be enriched in quiescent immature leukemic stem cells (LSC). To validate this hypothesis in vivo, we developed a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic approach treating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with cytarabine (AraC). AraC residual AML cells are enriched in neither immature, quiescent cells nor LSCs. Strikingly, AraC-resistant preexisting and persisting cells displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species, showed increased mitochondrial mass, and retained active polarized mitochondria, consistent with a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. AraC residual cells exhibited increased fatty-acid oxidation, upregulated CD36 expression, and a high OXPHOS gene signature predictive for treatment response in PDX and patients with AML. High OXPHOS but not low OXPHOS human AML cell lines were chemoresistant in vivo. Targeting mitochondrial protein synthesis, electron transfer, or fatty-acid oxidation induced an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and markedly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC. Together, this study demonstrates that essential mitochondrial functions contribute to AraC resistance in AML and are a robust hallmark of AraC sensitivity and a promising therapeutic avenue to treat AML residual disease.Significance: AraC-resistant AML cells exhibit metabolic features and gene signatures consistent with a high OXPHOS status. In these cells, targeting mitochondrial metabolism through the CD36-FAO-OXPHOS axis induces an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and strongly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC, offering a promising avenue to design new therapeutic strategies and fight AraC resistance in AML. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 716-35. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Schimmer, p. 670This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653

The RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform: Accelerating diagnosis, research, and gene discovery for rare diseases.

Rare disease patients are more likely to receive a rapid molecular diagnosis nowadays thanks to the wide adoption of next-generation sequencing. However, many cases remain undiagnosed even after exome or genome analysis, because the methods used missed the molecular cause in a known gene, or a novel causative gene could not be identified and/or confirmed. To address these challenges, the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) facilitates the collation, discovery, sharing, and analysis of standardized genome-phenome data within a collaborative environment. Authorized clinicians and researchers submit pseudonymised phenotypic profiles encoded using the Human Phenotype Ontology, and raw genomic data which is processed through a standardized pipeline. After an optional embargo period, the data are shared with other platform users, with the objective that similar cases in the system and queries from peers may help diagnose the case. Additionally, the platform enables bidirectional discovery of similar cases in other databases from the Matchmaker Exchange network. To facilitate genome-phenome analysis and interpretation by clinical researchers, the RD-Connect GPAP provides a powerful user-friendly interface and leverages tens of information sources. As a result, the resource has already helped diagnose hundreds of rare disease patients and discover new disease causing genes

Solving patients with rare diseases through programmatic reanalysis of genome-phenome data

International audienceReanalysis of inconclusive exome/genome sequencing data increases the diagnosis yield of patients with rare diseases. However, the cost and efforts required for reanalysis prevent its routine implementation in research and clinical environments. The Solve-RD project aims to reveal the molecular causes underlying undiagnosed rare diseases. One of the goals is to implement innovative approaches to reanalyse the exomes and genomes from thousands of well-studied undiagnosed cases. The raw genomic data is submitted to Solve-RD through the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) together with standardised phenotypic and pedigree data. We have developed a programmatic workflow to reanalyse genome-phenome data. It uses the RD-Connect GPAP's Application Programming Interface (API) and relies on the big-data technologies upon which the system is built. We have applied the workflow to prioritise rare known pathogenic variants from 4411 undiagnosed cases. The queries returned an average of 1.45 variants per case, which first were evaluated in bulk by a panel of disease experts and afterwards specifically by the submitter of each case. A total of 120 index cases (21.2% of prioritised cases, 2.7% of all exome/genome-negative samples) have already been solved, with others being under investigation. The implementation of solutions as the one described here provide the technical framework to enable periodic case-level data re-evaluation in clinical settings, as recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics