1 x M packet-switched router based on the PPM header address for all-optical WDM networks

This paper presents an all-optical 1xM router architecture for simultaneous multiple-wavelength packet routing, without the need for wavelength conversion. The packet header address is based on the pulse position modulation (PPM) format, which allows the use of only a single-bitwise optical AND gate for fast packet header address correlation. The proposed scheme offers both multicast and broadcast capabilities. We’ve demonstrated a high speed packet routing at 160 Gb/s in simulation, with a low channel crosstalk (CXT) of ~ -27 dB with a channel spacing of > 0.4 THz and a demultiplexer bandwidth of 500 GHz. The output transfer function of the PPM header processing (PPM-HP) module is also investigated in this paper

An ultrafast 1 x M all-optical WDM packet-switched router based on the PPM header address

This paper presents an all-optical 1 x M WDM router architecture for packet routing at multiple wavelengths simultaneously, with no wavelength conversion modules. The packet header address adopted is based on the pulse position modulation (PPM) format, thus enabling the use of only a singlebitwise optical AND gate for fast header address correlation. It offers multicast as well as broadcast capabilities. It is shown that a high speed packet routing at 160 Gb/s can be achieved with a low channel crosstalk (CXT) of ~ -27 dB at a channel spacing of greater than 0.4 THz and a demultiplexer bandwidth of 500 GHz

Gold versus Palladium: A Regioselective Cycloisomerization of Aromatic Enynes

International audienceAromatic enynes can be transformed into arylnaphthalenes or benzofulvenes depending on the reaction conditions. Under gold(I) catalysis, exclusive or major 6-endo-dig cyclization took place leading to arylnaphthalenes. However, a catalytic system based on palladium iodide/1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base was necessary to furnish exclusively 5-exo-dig cyclization pattern, regardless to the electronic effects of the substituents. In the latter transformation, a mechanistic study (Kinetic Isotopic Effect, Density Functional Theory) involving a C-H activation is suggested for the exclusive benzofulvenes formation

Draft Genome Sequence of Gordonia lacunae BS2T

We report here the draft genome sequence of the soil bacterium Gordonia lacunae BS2T ( DSM 45085T JCM 14873T NRRL B-24551T), isolated from an estuary in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa. Analysis of the draft genome revealed that more than 40% of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes encode new compounds

Manipulation Strategies for the Rank Maximal Matching Problem

We consider manipulation strategies for the rank-maximal matching problem. In the rank-maximal matching problem we are given a bipartite graph $G = (A \cup P, E)$ such that $A$ denotes a set of applicants and $P$ a set of posts. Each applicant $a \in A$ has a preference list over the set of his neighbours in $G$, possibly involving ties. Preference lists are represented by ranks on the edges - an edge $(a,p)$ has rank $i$, denoted as $rank(a,p)=i$, if post $p$ belongs to one of $a$'s $i$-th choices. A rank-maximal matching is one in which the maximum number of applicants is matched to their rank one posts and subject to this condition, the maximum number of applicants is matched to their rank two posts, and so on. A rank-maximal matching can be computed in $O(\min(c \sqrt{n},n) m)$ time, where $n$ denotes the number of applicants, $m$ the number of edges and $c$ the maximum rank of an edge in an optimal solution. A central authority matches applicants to posts. It does so using one of the rank-maximal matchings. Since there may be more than one rank- maximal matching of $G$, we assume that the central authority chooses any one of them randomly. Let $a_1$ be a manipulative applicant, who knows the preference lists of all the other applicants and wants to falsify his preference list so that he has a chance of getting better posts than if he were truthful. In the first problem addressed in this paper the manipulative applicant $a_1$ wants to ensure that he is never matched to any post worse than the most preferred among those of rank greater than one and obtainable when he is truthful. In the second problem the manipulator wants to construct such a preference list that the worst post he can become matched to by the central authority is best possible or in other words, $a_1$ wants to minimize the maximal rank of a post he can become matched to

Irradiation for mold and mycotoxin control : a review

The mycotoxin issue requires constant vigilance from economic, regulatory, and scientific agents to minimize its toxicological effects on human and on animals. The implementation of good practices to avoid fungal growth and mycotoxin production on agricultural commodities is essential to achieve most restrictive safety standards; however, the contribution of novel technologies that may act on post-harvesting and post-storage situations may be equally important. Several methodologies, more or less technologically advanced, may be used for this purpose. In this work, we review the role, contribution, and impact of irradiation technology to control the presence of fungi and mycotoxins in food and in feed. The effect of this technology on the viability of mold spores and on the elimination of mycotoxins is reviewed. A critical evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of irradiation in this context is presented.Thalita Calado and Luis Abrunhosa received support through grants SFRH/BD/79364/2011 and SFRH/BPD/43922/2008, respectively, from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia - FCT, Portugal. The authors also thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 and the project "BioInd - Biotechnology and Bioengineering for Improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes, REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028," which is cofunded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON. 2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER

Advances in tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]isoindolone (valmerins) series: Potent glycogen synthase kinase 3 and cyclin dependent kinase 5 inhibitors.

International audienceAn efficient synthetic strategy was developed to modulate the structure of the tetrahydropyridine isoindolone (Valmerin) skeleton. A library of more than 30 novel final structures was generated. Biological activities on CDK5 and GSK3 as well as cellular effects on cancer cell lines were measured for each novel compound. Additionally docking studies were performed to support medicinal chemistry efforts. A strong GSK3/CDK5 dual inhibitor (38, IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/84 nM) was obtained. A set of highly selective GSK3 inhibitors was synthesized by fine-tuning structural modifications (29 IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/320 nM). Antiproliferative effects on cells were correlated with the in vitro kinase activities and the best effects were obtained with lung and colon cell lines

Travaux entrepris sur l'appareil végétatif aérien

Les premières années ont permis de standardiser des méthodes de mesure exhaustives destinées à établir la taille de l'échantillon à prélever par palme et par palmier. Les observations ont eu essentiellement lieu à San Remo (CSRP) par une étudiante du Tchad et à Gabès (IRA) par une étudiante tunisienne. L'implication d'un doctorant algérien (LRZA –Université d'Oran) et d'un doctorant marocain (Université d'Oujda) a également amené des observations complémentaires de validation de ces acquis initiaux. Les échantillons minimum utiles ont pu être calculés grce à des méthodes géostatistiques d'analyse des données relatives à la palme. De nombreuses relations morphométriques et allométriques entre les différents paramètres caractéristiques ont été mises en évidence et leurs équations établies. Ceci permet d'alléger de manière très significative le nombre de mesures à prendre pour caractériser une palme donnée. (Texte intégral

Assessment of control techniques for the dynamic optimization of (semi-)batch reactors

YesThis work investigates how batch reactors can be optimized to increase the yield of a desired product coupling two appealing techniques for process control and optimization: the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) and the dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO). The overall optimization problem is formulated and applied to calculate the optimal operating parameters of a selected case study and the numerical results are compared to the traditional control/optimization techniques. It has been demonstrated in our previous work (Pahija et al, Selecting the best control methodology to improve the efficiency of discontinuous reactors, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 32, 805-810, 2013) that the control strategy can significantly affect optimization results and that the appropriate selection of the control methodology is crucial to obtain the real operational optimum (with some percent of improved yield). In this context, coupling NMPC and D-RTO seems to be the ideal way to improve the process yield. The results presented in this work have been obtained by using gPROMS® and MS C++ with algorithms of BzzMath library