81 research outputs found
Genetic structure, relationships and admixture with wild relatives in native pig breeds from Iberia and its islands
Articles in International JournalsBackground: Native pig breeds in the Iberian Peninsula are broadly classified as belonging to either the Celtic or
the Mediterranean breed groups, but there are other local populations that do not fit into any of these groups.
Most of the native pig breeds in Iberia are in danger of extinction, and the assessment of their genetic diversity and
population structure, relationships and possible admixture between breeds, and the appraisal of conservation
alternatives are crucial to adopt appropriate management strategies.
Methods: A panel of 24 microsatellite markers was used to genotype 844 animals representing the 17 most
important native swine breeds and wild populations existing in Portugal and Spain and various statistical tools were
applied to analyze the results.
Results: Genetic diversity was high in the breeds studied, with an overall mean of 13.6 alleles per locus and an
average expected heterozygosity of 0.80. Signs of genetic bottlenecks were observed in breeds with a small census
size, and population substructure was present in some of the breeds with larger census sizes. Variability among
breeds accounted for about 20% of the total genetic diversity, and was explained mostly by differences among the
Celtic, Mediterranean and Basque breed groups, rather than by differences between domestic and wild pigs. Breeds
clustered closely according to group, and proximity was detected between wild pigs and the Mediterranean cluster
of breeds. Most breeds had their own structure and identity, with very little evidence of admixture, except for the
Retinto and Entrepelado varieties of the Mediterranean group, which are very similar. Genetic influence of the
identified breed clusters extends beyond the specific geographical areas across borders throughout the Iberian
Peninsula, with a very sharp transition from one breed group to another. Analysis of conservation priorities confirms
that the ranking of a breed for conservation depends on the emphasis placed on its contribution to the betweenand
within-breed components of genetic diversity.
Conclusions: Native pig breeds in Iberia reveal high levels of genetic diversity, a solid breed structure and a clear
organization in well-defined clusters
Supersymmetry in noncommutative superspaces
Non commutative superspaces can be introduced as the Moyal-Weyl quantization
of a Poisson bracket for classical superfields. Different deformations are
studied corresponding to constant background fields in string theory.
Supersymmetric and non supersymmetric deformations can be defined, depending on
the differential operators used to define the Poisson bracket. Some examples of
deformed, 4 dimensional lagrangians are given. For extended superspace (N>1),
some new deformations can be defined, with no analogue in the N=1 case.Comment: 23 pages, AMS-LaTeX. Misprints corrected, references adde
Genetic Footprints of Iberian Cattle in America 500 Years after the Arrival of Columbus
Background: American Creole cattle presumably descend from animals imported from the Iberian Peninsula during the period of
colonization and settlement, through different migration routes, andmay have also suffered the influence of cattle directly imported
from Africa. The introduction of European cattle, which began in the 18th century, and later of Zebu from India, has threatened the
survival of Creole populations, some of which have nearly disappeared or were admixed with exotic breeds. Assessment of the
genetic status of Creole cattle is essential for the establishment of conservation programs of these historical resources.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We sampled 27 Creole populations, 39 Iberian, 9 European and 6 Zebu breeds. We used
microsatellite markers to assess the origins of Creole cattle, and to investigate the influence of different breeds on their
genetic make-up. The major ancestral contributions are from breeds of southern Spain and Portugal, in agreement with the
historical ports of departure of ships sailing towards the Western Hemisphere. This Iberian contribution to Creoles may also
include some African influence, given the influential role that African cattle have had in the development of Iberian breeds,
but the possibility of a direct influence on Creoles of African cattle imported to America can not be discarded. In addition to
the Iberian influence, the admixture with other European breeds was minor. The Creoles from tropical areas, especially
those from the Caribbean, show clear signs of admixture with Zebu.
Conclusions/Significance: Nearly five centuries since cattle were first brought to the Americas, Creoles still show a strong
and predominant signature of their Iberian ancestors. Creole breeds differ widely from each other, both in genetic structure
and influences from other breeds. Efforts are needed to avoid their extinction or further genetic erosion, which would
compromise centuries of selective adaptation to a wide range of environmental condition
The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers
Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development
La forestación de salicáceas como aporte al desarrollo sustentable del Delta del Paraná
La producción forestal en los humedales del Delta del Paraná se basa principalmente en el cultivo de
Populus (álamos) y Salix (sauces para producción de madera y sauces mimbre), ambos géneros
pertenecientes a la familia Salicáceas. Con algunas diferencias en sus características de cultivo y
requerimientos ambientales, estos géneros forestales poseen tradición en el territorio debido a su
excelente y variada aptitud industrial, desde “triturado”, que comprende la elaboración de pulpa para
papel y de tableros de partículas, a los “usos sólidos” (aserrado, debobinado, vigas, muebles, entre
otros). En la disertación se darán a conocer cómo y en qué los agentes de desarrollo de la EEA Delta
del Paraná –INTA- aportan al crecimiento del sector foresto-industrial de la región. El trabajo se
aborda mediante una red multidisciplinaria que se ocupa de la conservación de los recursos
naturales, protección vegetal, ecofisiología, silvicultura, mejoramiento genético, aspectos socioeconómicos
y la extensión. Asimismo, se presentarán resultados recientes sobre clones mejorados
de álamos y sauces, de aplicación en el Delta. En el caso del sauce, que ocupa el 98% de las
plantaciones del delta entrerriano, se cuenta con clones recientemente seleccionados por INTA
dotados de alta tolerancia al anegamiento prolongado. Se exponen conceptos vinculados a la
selección y al potencial de los materiales mejorados de rápido crecimiento, adaptados a zonas
inundables, y aptos para diversos usos industriales.EEA Delta del ParanáFil: Cerrillo, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Jorge Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Battistella, Agustín. Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Pesca. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Braccini, Celina Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Casaubon, Edgardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Cortizo, Silvia Cora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Patricia Carina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Dario Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Tschieder, Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Faustino, Laura Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fracassi, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Cortes, Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: González, Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Grieco, Leda. Fundación ArgenInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Programa de Capacitación Gratuita para Estudiantes Universitarios; ArgentinaFil: Hemming, Juan Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Landi, Lucas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Mangieri, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Mema, Vanesa Yamila. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Monteverde, María Silvana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina. Universidad de Concepción del Uruguay. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Concepción del Uruguay. Cátedra de Genética y Mejoramiento; ArgentinaFil: Mujica, Gerardo Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Olemberg, Demián Jeremías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentin
Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19
Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe
Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies
There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity
The genetic ancestry of american creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers.
Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development
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