Abell 1451 and 1RXS J131423.6-251521: a multi-wavelength study of two dynamically perturbed clusters of galaxies

We present results from optical, X-ray and radio observations of two X-ray bright (L_X ~ 10^{45} erg/s) galaxy clusters. A1451 is at redshift z=0.1989 and has line-of-sight velocity dispersion sigma_v = 1330 km/s as measured from 57 cluster galaxies. It has regular X-ray emission without signs of substructure, a Gaussian velocity distribution, lack of a cooling flow region and significant deviations from the observed scaling laws between luminosity, temperature and velocity dispersion, indicating a possible merging shock. There is only one spectroscopically confirmed cluster radio galaxy, which is close to the X-ray peak. 1RXS J131423.6-251521 has z=0.2474 and sigma_v = 1100 km/s from 37 galaxies. There are two distinct galaxy groups with a projected separation of \~700 kpc. The velocity histogram is bi-modal with a redshift-space separation of ~1700 km/s, and the X-ray emission is double peaked. Although there are no spectroscopically confirmed cluster radio galaxies, we have identified a plausible relic source candidate.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, some in colour; A&A accepte

An ISOCAM survey through gravitationally lensing galaxy clusters. III. New results from mid-infrared observations of th e cluster Abell 2219

The massive cluster of galaxies Abell 2219 (z = 0.228) was observed at 14.3 $\mu$m with the Infrared Space Observatory and results were published by Barvainis et al. (1999). These observations have been reanalyzed using a method specifically designed for the detection of faint sources that had been applied to other clusters. Five new sources were detected and the resulting cumulative total of ten sources all have optical counterparts. The mid-infrared sources are identified with three cluster members, three foreground galaxies, an Extremely Red Object, a star and two galaxies of unknown redshift. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the galaxies are fit with models from a selection, using the program GRASIL. Best-fits are obtained, in general, with models of galaxies with ongoing star formation. For three cluster members the infrared luminosities derived from the model SEDs are between ~5.7x10^10 Lsun and 1.4x10^11 Lsun, corresponding to infrared star formation rates between 10 and 24 Msun yr^-1. The two cluster galaxies that have optical classifications are in the Butcher-Oemler region of the color-magnitude diagramme. The three foreground galaxies have infrared luminosities between 1.5x10^10 Lsun and 9.4x10^10 Lsun yielding infrared star formation rates between 3 and 16 Msun yr^-1. Two of the foreground galaxies are located in two foreground galaxy enhancements (Boschin et al. 2004). Including Abell 2219, six distant clusters of galaxies have been mapped with ISOCAM and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) have been found in three of them. The presence of LIRGs in Abell 2219 strengthens the association between luminous infrared galaxies in clusters and recent or ongoing cluster merger activity.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, A&A accepted, full paper with high-resolution figures available at http://bermuda.ucd.ie/~dcoia/papers/. Reference adde

Probing the Universe with Weak Lensing

Gravitational lenses can provide crucial information on the geometry of the Universe, on the cosmological scenario of formation of its structures as well as on the history of its components with look-back time. In this review, I focus on the most recent results obtained during the last five years from the analysis of the weak lensing regime. The interest of weak lensing as a probe of dark matter and the for study of the coupling between light and mass on scales of clusters of galaxies, large scale structures and galaxies is discussed first. Then I present the impact of weak lensing for the study of distant galaxies and of the population of lensed sources as function of redshift. Finally, I discuss the potential interest of weak lensing to constrain the cosmological parameters, either from pure geometrical effects observed in peculiar lenses, or from the coupling of weak lensing with the CMB.Comment: To appear Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysiscs Vol. 37. Latex and psfig.sty. Version without figure, 54 pages, 73Kb. Complete version including 13 figures (60 pages) available on ftp.iap.fr anonymous account in /pub/from_users/mellier/AnnualReview ; file ARAAmellier.ps.gz 1.6 M

On the lack of cold dust in IRAS P09104+4109 and IRAS F15307+3252 -- their spectral energy distributions and implications for finding dusty AGNs at high redshift

We present upper limits on the 850 micron and 450 micron fluxes of the warm hyperluminous (bolometric luminosity L_bol > 10^13 L_sun galaxies IRAS P09104+4109 (z=0.442) and IRAS F15307+3252 (z=0.926), derived from measurements using the SCUBA bolometer array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Hot luminous infrared sources like these are thought to differ from more normal cold ultraluminous infrared (L_bol > 10^12 L_sun) galaxies in that they derive most of their bolometric luminosities from dusty AGNs as opposed to starbursts. Such hot, dusty AGNs at high redshift are thought to be responsible for much of the mass accretion of the Universe that is in turn responsible for the formation of the supermassive black holes seen in the centres of local galaxies. The galaxy IRAS P09104+4109 is also unusual in that it is a cD galaxy in the center of a substantial cooling-flow cluster, not an isolated interacting galaxy like most ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Previously it was known to have large amounts of hot (T > 50 K) dust from IRAS observations. We now show that the contribution of cold dust to the bolometric luminosity is less than 3 per cent. Most ultraluminous infrared galaxies possess large amounts of cold dust, and it is now known that some cooling flow cluster cD galaxies do as well. Yet this object, which is an extreme example of both, does not have enough cold gas to contribute significantly to the bolometric luminosity. We outline physical reasons why this could have happened. We then provide a discussion of stategies for finding hot dusty AGNs, given the limitations on submillimetre surveys implied by this work.Comment: MNRAS in press, accepted version, minor revision

An ISOCAM survey through gravitationally lensing galaxy clusters III : new results from mid-infrared observations of the cluster Abell 2219

The massive cluster of galaxies Abell 2219 (z = 0.228) with two spectacular gravitational lensing arcs was observed at 14.3 μm (hereafter 15 μm) with the Infrared Space Observatory and results were published by Barvainis et al. (\cite{1999AJ....118..645B}). These observations have been reanalysed using a method specifically designed for the detection of faint sources that had been applied to other clusters. Five new sources were detected and the resulting cumulative total of ten sources all have optical counterparts. The mid-infrared sources are identified with three cluster members, three foreground galaxies, an Extremely Red Object, a star and two galaxies of unknown redshift. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the galaxies are fit with models from a selection, using the program GRASIL. Best-fits are obtained, in general, with models of galaxies with ongoing star formation. Infrared luminosities and star formation rates are obtained for six sources: the cluster members and the foreground galaxies. For the three cluster members the infrared luminosities derived from the model SEDs are between ˜5.7 × 1010 L⊙ and 1.4 × 1011 L⊙, corresponding to infrared star formation rates between 10 and 24 M⊙ yr-1. The two cluster galaxies that have optical classifications are in the Butcher-Oemler region of the color-magnitude diagramme. The three foreground galaxies have infrared luminosities between 1.5 × 1010 L⊙ and 9.4 × 1010 L⊙ yielding infrared star formation rates between 3 and 16 M⊙ yr-1. Two of the foreground galaxies are located in two foreground galaxy enhancements (Boschin et al. \cite{2004A&A...416..839B}). Including Abell 2219, six distant clusters of galaxies have been mapped with ISOCAM and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) have been found in three of them. The presence of LIRGs in Abell 2219 strengthens the association between luminous infrared galaxies in clusters and recent or ongoing cluster merger activity. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA

ISO's Contribution to the Study of Clusters of Galaxies

Starting with nearby galaxy clusters like Virgo and Coma, and continuing out to the furthest galaxy clusters for which ISO results have yet been published ($z=0.56$), we discuss the development of knowledge of the infrared and associated physical properties of galaxy clusters from early IRAS observations, through the "ISO-era" to the present, in order to explore the status of ISO's contribution to this field. Relevant IRAS and ISO programmes are reviewed, addressing both the cluster galaxies and the still-very-limited evidence for an infrared-emitting intra-cluster medium. ISO made important advances in knowledge of both nearby and distant galaxy clusters, such as the discovery of a major cold dust component in Virgo and Coma cluster galaxies, the elaboration of the correlation between dust emission and Hubble-type, and the detection of numerous Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) in several distant clusters. These and consequent achievements are underlined and described. We recall that, due to observing time constraints, ISO's coverage of higher-redshift galaxy clusters to the depths required to detect and study statistically significant samples of cluster galaxies over a range of morphological types could not be comprehensive and systematic, and such systematic coverage of distant clusters will be an important achievement of the Spitzer Observatory.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews ISO Special Issue "ISO science legacy - a compact review of ISO major achievements", Ed.C.Cesarky & A.Salama Updated 23 Aug. 2005 in order to change some citations from astro-ph nos. to full Journal references after they were publishe

Colloque - Détecter et traiter les maladies génétiques aujourd'hui et demain : enjeux sociologiques et éthiques

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