Detection and Identification of Avian Reovirus in Young Geese (<i>Anser anser domestica</i>) in Poland

Avian reovirus (ARV) is a cause of infections of broiler and turkey flocks, as well as waterfowl birds. This case report describes a reovirus detection in a fattening goose flock. GRV-infected geese suffer from severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, depressed growth, or runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), malabsorption syndrome, and respiratory and enteric diseases. GRV (goose reovirus) caused pathological lesions in various organs and joints, especially in the liver and spleen. GRV infection causes splenic necrosis, which induces immunosuppression, predisposing geese to infection with other pathogens, which could worsen the disease and lead to death. Our results showed that GRV was detected via RT-PCR and isolated in SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) embryos. This is the first report of the involvement of reovirus in arthritis, and the generalized infection of young geese in Poland, resulting in pathological changes in internal organs and sudden death. This study also provides new information about the GRV, a disease that is little known and underestimated

Amphetamine and mCPP Effects on Dopamine and Serotonin Striatal in Vivo Microdialysates in an Animal Model of Hyperactivity

In the neonatally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat hyperlocomotor activity, first described in the 1970s, was subsequently found to be increased by an additional lesion with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) (i.c.v.) in adulthood. The latter animal model (i.e., 134 μg 6-OHDA at 3 d postbirth plus 75 μg 5,7-DHT at 10 weeks; desipramine pretreatments) was used in this study, in an attempt to attribute hyperlocomotor attenuation by D,L-amphet-amine sulfate (AMPH) and m-chlorophenylpi-perazine di HCl (mCPP), to specific changes in extraneuronal (i.e., in vivo microdialysate) levels of dopamine (DA) and/or serotonin (5-HT). Despite the 98-99% reduction in striatal tissue content of DA, the baseline striatal microdialysate level of DA was reduced by 50% or less at 14 weeks, versus the intact control group. When challenged with AMPH (0.5 mg/kg), the microdialysate level of DA went either unchanged or was slightly reduced over the next 180 min (i.e., 20 min sampling), while in the vehicle group and 5,7-DHT (alone) lesioned group, the microdialysate level was maximally elevated by ∼225% and ∼450%, respectively - and over a span of nearly 2 h. Acute challenge with mCPP (1 mg/kg salt form) had little effect on microdialysate levels of DA, DOPAC and 5-HT. Moreover, there was no consistent change in the microdialysate levels of DA, DOPAC, and 5-HT between intact, 5-HT-lesioned rats, and DA-lesioned rats which might reasonably account for an attenuation of hyperlocomotor activity. These findings indicate that there are other important neurochemical changes produced by AMPH-and mCPP-attenuated hyperlocomotor activity, or perhaps a different brain region or multiple brain regional effects are involved in AMPH and mCPP behavioral actions

Optimization of reconstruction and quantification of motion-corrected coronary PET-CT

BackgroundCoronary PET shows promise in the detection of high-risk atherosclerosis, but there remains a need to optimize imaging and reconstruction techniques. We investigated the impact of reconstruction parameters and cardiac motion-correction in 18F Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) PET.MethodsTwenty-two patients underwent 18F-NaF PET within 22&nbsp;days of an acute coronary syndrome. Optimal reconstruction parameters were determined in a subgroup of six patients. Motion-correction was performed on ECG-gated data of all patients with optimal reconstruction. Tracer uptake was quantified in culprit and reference lesions by computing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in diastolic, summed, and motion-corrected images.ResultsReconstruction using 24 subsets, 4 iterations, point-spread-function modelling, time of flight, and 5-mm post-filtering provided the highest median SNR (31.5) compared to 4 iterations 0-mm (22.5), 8 iterations 0-mm (21.1), and 8 iterations 5-mm (25.6; all P &lt; .05). Motion-correction improved SNR of culprit lesions (n = 33) (24.5[19.9-31.5]) compared to diastolic (15.7[12.4-18.1]; P &lt; .001) and summed data (22.1[18.9-29.2]; P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001). Motion-correction increased the SNR difference between culprit and reference lesions (10.9[6.3-12.6]) compared to diastolic (6.2[3.6-10.3]; P = .001) and summed data (7.1 [4.8-11.6]; P = .001).ConclusionsThe number of iterations and extent of post-filtering has marked effects on coronary 18F-NaF PET quantification. Cardiac motion-correction improves discrimination between culprit and reference lesions