The ethnic conflicts and mass media

The media have played and continue to play a significant role in many ethnic conflicts and wars that ever took place in history and through its reportage humankind has become informed and aware about ethnic-conflict on the globe through various forms. Irrespective of the increase in knowledge, media has negatively impacted the ethnic conflict by several escalations that took place because of the manner information that was provided. This study investigates what these negative impacts are by examining literature and sorting them to consider media location, outlets and presentation impact of media. An overlapping discovered has gingered the reclassification of the impact of media in the face of dilemmas. They are Psychoanalysis propaganda and profiteering, freedom and ethics, distortion of reality and public safety. The media tries to balance in order to choose the lesser consequential path to survive. However, they have all steered to an escalation of ethnic conflicts

THE ETHNIC CONFLICTS AND MASS MEDIA

The media have played and continue to play a significant role in many ethnic conflicts and wars that ever took place in history and through its reportage humankind has become informed and aware of ethnic-conflict on the globe through various forms. Irrespective of the increase in knowledge, media has negatively impacted the ethnic conflict by several escalations that took place because of the manner information that was provided. This study investigates what these negative impacts are by examining the literature and sorting them to consider media location, outlets, and presentation impact of media. An overlapping discovery has gingered the reclassification of the impact of media in the face of dilemmas. They are Psychoanalysis propaganda and profiteering, freedom and ethics, distortion of reality, and public safety. The media tries to balance in order to choose the lesser consequential path to survive. However, they have all steered to an escalation of ethnic conflicts

Selectivity of C−H vs. C−F Bond Oxygenation by Homo- and Heterometallic Fe_4, Fe_3Mn, and Mn_4 Clusters

A series of tetranuclear [LM_3(HFArPz)_3OM'][OTf]_2 (M, M' = Fe or Mn) clusters that displays 3-(2-fluorophenyl)pyrazolate (HFArPz) as bridging ligand is reported. With these complexes manganese is demonstrated to facilitate C(sp^2)−F bond oxygenation via a putative terminal metal-oxo species. Moreover, the presence of both ortho C(sp^2)−H and C(sp^2)−F bonds in proximity provides an opportunity to investigate the selectivity of intramolecular C(sp^2)−X bond oxygenation (X = H or F) in these isostructural compounds. With iron as the apical metal center (M' = Fe) C(sp^2)−F bond oxygenation occurs almost exclusively, whereas with manganese (M' = Mn) the opposite reactivity is preferred

Intramolecular C–H and C–F Bond Oxygenation by Site-Differentiated Tetranuclear Manganese Models of the OEC

The dangler manganese center in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II plays an important role in the oxidation of water to dioxygen. Inspired by the structure of the OEC, we synthesized a series of site-differentiated tetra-manganese clusters [LMn_3(PhPz)_3OMn][OTf]_x (2: x= 2; 3: x = 1) that features an apical manganese ion—distinct from the others—that is appended to a trinuclear manganese core through an μ4-oxygen atom bridge. This cluster design was targeted to facilitate studies of high-valent Mn-oxo formation, which is a proposed step in the mechanism for water oxidation by the OEC. Terminal Mn-oxo species—supported by a multinuclear motif—were targeted by treating 2 and 3 with iodosobenzene. Akin to our previously reported iron complexes, intramolecular arene hydroxylation was observed to yield the C–H bond oxygenated complexes [LMn3(PhPz)_2(OArPz)OMn][OTf]x (5: x = 2; 6: x = 1). The fluorinated series [LMn_3(F_2ArPz)_3OMn][OTf]_x (8: x = 2; 9: x = 1) was also synthesized to mitigate the observed intramolecular hydroxylation. Treatment of 8 and 9 with iodosobenzene results in intramolecular arene C–F bond oxygenation as judged by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The observed aromatic C–H and C–F hydroxylation is suggestive of a putative high-valent terminal metal-oxo species, and it is one of the very few examples capable of oxygenating C–F bonds

Accelerated Oxygen Atom Transfer and C−H Bond Oxygenation by Remote Redox Changes in Fe_3Mn-Iodosobenzene Adducts

We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of [Lfe_3(PhPz)_3OMn(^sPhIO)][OTf]_x (3: x=2; 4: x=3), where 4 is one of very few examples of iodosobenzene–metal adducts characterized by X-ray crystallography. Access to these rare heterometallic clusters enabled differentiation of the metal centers involved in oxygen atom transfer (Mn) or redox modulation (Fe). Specifically, ^(57)Fe Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy provided unique insights into how changes in oxidation state (Fe^(III)_2Fe^(II)Mn^(II) vs. Fe^(III)_3Mn^(II)) influence oxygen atom transfer in tetranuclear Fe_3Mn clusters. In particular, a one-electron redox change at a distal metal site leads to a change in oxygen atom transfer reactivity by ca. two orders of magnitude

Mer590, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting MER receptor tyrosine kinase, decreases colony formation and increases chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer

The successes of targeted therapeutics against EGFR and ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have demonstrated the substantial survival gains made possible by precision therapy. However, the majority of patients do not have tumors with genetic alterations responsive to these therapies, and therefore identification of new targets is needed. Our laboratory previously identified MER receptor tyrosine kinase as one such potential target. We now report our findings targeting MER with a clinically translatable agent – Mer590, a monoclonal antibody specific for MER. Mer590 rapidly and robustly reduced surface and total MER levels in multiple cell lines. Treatment reduced surface MER levels by 87%, and this effect was maximal within four hours. Total MER levels were also dramatically reduced, and this persisted for at least seven days. Mechanistically, MER down-regulation was mediated by receptor internalization and degradation, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling through STAT6, AKT, and ERK1/2. Functionally, this resulted in increased apoptosis, increased chemosensitivity to carboplatin, and decreased colony formation. In addition to carboplatin, Mer590 interacted cooperatively with shRNA-mediated MER inhibition to augment apoptosis. These data demonstrate that MER inhibition can be achieved with a monoclonal antibody in NSCLC. Optimization toward a clinically available anti-MER antibody is warranted

Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.]

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe