15 research outputs found
Assessing Trustworthy AI in times of COVID-19. Deep Learning for predicting a multi-regional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients
Abstract—The paper's main contributions are twofold: to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union’s High-Level Expert Group’s (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare; and to investigate the research question of what does “trustworthy AI” mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multi-regional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient’s lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia (Italy) since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses socio-technical scenarios to identify ethical, technical and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic.</p
Coma of unknown origin in the emergency department: implementation of an in-house management routine
Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19.: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients
This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does "trustworthy AI" mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic
Rac-mediated Stimulation of Phospholipase CÎł2 Amplifies B Cell Receptor-induced Calcium Signaling
Avian emotions: Comparative perspectives on fear and frustration
Emotions are complex reactions that allow individuals to cope with significant positive and negative events. Research on emotion was pioneered by Darwin's work on emotional expressions in humans and animals. But Darwin was concerned mainly with facial and bodily expressions of significance for humans, citing mainly examples from mammals (e.g., apes, dogs, and cats). In birds, emotional expressions are less evident for a human observer, so a different approach is needed. Understanding avian emotions will provide key evolutionary information on the evolution of related behaviors and brain circuitry. Birds and mammals are thought to have evolved from different groups of Mesozoic reptiles, theropod dinosaurs and therapsids, respectively, and therefore, their common ancestor is likely to be a basal reptile living about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous or Permian period. Yet, birds and mammals exhibit extensive convergence in terms of relative brain size, high levels of activity, sleep/wakefulness cycles, endothermy, and social behavior, among others. This article focuses on two basic emotions with negative valence: fear and frustration. Fear is related to the anticipation of dangerous or threatening stimuli (e.g., predators or aggressive conspecifics). Frustration is related to unexpected reward omissions or devaluations (e.g., loss of food or sexual resources). These results have implications for an understanding of the conditions that promote fear and frustration and for the evolution of supporting brain circuitry. © 2019 Papini, Penagos-Corzo and Pérez-Acosta
Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned Proceedings (Volume I / II)
Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned
economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and
rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural
changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of
success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and
agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition"
in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East
European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far
from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS
countries.
International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) and European
Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) in collaboration with the
Corvinus University of Budapest and with a number of other institutions in
Hungary organized an inter-conference seminar on the subject of agricultural
transition in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The major objective
of the seminar was to discuss and draw conclusions on the role of agricultural
policy in the transition process in the light of actual progress and current situation
in Central and East European countries and in formal Soviet States. In addition
the contribution of agricultural economics – both from the West and from the
East – as a discipline and a profession to the transition process in agriculture were
discussed. A specific objective was to identify priorities and means to strengthen
the agricultural economics profession in the transition countries and determine
research and educational priorities for the future.
The seminar was attended by 118 participants representing 26 countries from
Europe, North America and Asia. The Seminar was the largest professional
meeting organized by the two associations in 2007. Over 110 abstracts were
submitted and evaluated by the International Program Committee. In the two
day program of the meeting, 8 presentations were made during the 3 plenary
sessions, 66 papers were presented in the 15 contributed paper sessions in 8 subject
categories. In addition there were 15 posters discussed in the poster session and
the findings of a World Bank study on distortions of agricultural incentives in
the region was the subject of a pre-conference workshop. Plenary speakers
included Ulrich Koester, Johan Swinnen, Jerzy Wilkin, Zvi Lerman, Eugenia
Serova and József Popp-Gábor Udovecz. At the end of the seminar David Colman, President of IAAE gave a global assessment of the status of agricultural
economics discipline and profession, while Csaba Csáki, former President of
IAAE made summary comments on major issues discussed during the seminar.
This volume includes the plenary and contributed papers presented at the seminar
and submitted for publications by the authors as well as the abstracts of the poster
papers discussed.
The seminar was supported and sponsored by a number of organizations and
persons. All of their contributions have to be greatly acknowledged. First the
two international organizations IAAE and EAAE have to be mentioned, which
provided overall organizational framework and logistical support. The IAAE
provided in addition a generous grant to support the participation of young
agricultural economists from Central and Eastern Europe on the seminar. On the
Hungarian side the Corvinus University of Budapest, the Szent István University
of Gödöllő, the Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, the Hungarian
Agricultural Economics Association, the Hungarian Association of Agricultural
Sciences and the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
were the major material and organizational supporters. The International Program
committee was chaired by David Colman and Csaba Csáki and included
Ulrich Koester, Joe Swinnen, Eugenia Serova and Jerzy Wilkin. The local
Organizing committee was chaired by Csaba Forgács and István Szűcs and
included Zoltán Lakner, András Nábrádi, József Popp, József Tóth, Gábor Udovecz,
László Vajda, László Villányi, Krisztina Fodor, Attila Jámbor and Tamás Mizik.
Finally IAMO, Halle facilitated the publication of this proceedings