Domesticated Megafauna of Americas: Needs, Possibilities and Results

The article aims to determine why so few domestic animals originated in American domestication centres. The knowledge has been gathered from interdisciplinary sources taking into account recent archaeogenomic and spatial analysis research. The process of domestication is described, and different domestication centres are compared to the domestication needs and opportunities on the American continents. Human colonization of the American continent is considered. Important domestication centres on the North and South American continent are described. Dogs that colonized the American continents together with people and horses that arrived during the European colonization are also considered. The analysis of the American megafauna that lived on the continent during the first colonization of Homo sapiens showed that the big extinction occurred due to climate change and overhunting. Comparing the evolutionary process of domestication between Afro-Eurasia and America we found that there was no intentional domestication in areas peripheral to the original domestication centres in the Americas. Also, diversification of the domesticated animal purpose in the Americas is limited to dogs

The contribution of epigenetic changes to the adaptability of agricultural crops to drought and a review of methods that determine them

Epigenetska regulacija ima ključnu ulogu u mehanizmima biljnog odgovora na okolišne uvjete, bez promjene DNA sekvence. Različiti stresovi djeluju kao poticaj i mijenjaju razinu genske ekspresije pomoću metilacije DNA, modifikacije histona, djelovanja mikro RNA, aktivnosti transpozona i represijskog polikomb-kompleksa. Proučavanjem epigenetskih promjena povećavamo razumijevanje prilagodbe biljaka na stresne uvjete i mehanizam na kojem se ona temelji. Kod različitih poljoprivrednih kultura utvrđene su epigenetičke promjene u genomu koje su omogućile adaptabilnost kultura na stres suše. S obzirom na štetne učinke globalnih klimatskih promjena, osobito suše, korištenje epigenetskih razlika za razvoj adaptabilnijih sorti usjeva od velike je važnosti u oplemenjivanju bilja.Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the mechanisms of plant response to environmental conditions, without altering the DNA sequence. Different stresses stimulate a change in the gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA, transposon and repressive polycomb complex activity. We increase our understanding of plant adaptation to stressful conditions and the mechanism on which it is based by studying epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes in the genome have been identified in different agricultural crops, which have enabled the adaptability of crops to drought stress. Given the detrimental effects of global climate change, particularly drought, the use of epigenetic differences to develop more adaptable crop varieties is of great importance in plant breeding

The contribution of epigenetic changes to the adaptability of agricultural crops to drought and a review of methods that determine them

Epigenetska regulacija ima ključnu ulogu u mehanizmima biljnog odgovora na okolišne uvjete, bez promjene DNA sekvence. Različiti stresovi djeluju kao poticaj i mijenjaju razinu genske ekspresije pomoću metilacije DNA, modifikacije histona, djelovanja mikro RNA, aktivnosti transpozona i represijskog polikomb-kompleksa. Proučavanjem epigenetskih promjena povećavamo razumijevanje prilagodbe biljaka na stresne uvjete i mehanizam na kojem se ona temelji. Kod različitih poljoprivrednih kultura utvrđene su epigenetičke promjene u genomu koje su omogućile adaptabilnost kultura na stres suše. S obzirom na štetne učinke globalnih klimatskih promjena, osobito suše, korištenje epigenetskih razlika za razvoj adaptabilnijih sorti usjeva od velike je važnosti u oplemenjivanju bilja.Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the mechanisms of plant response to environmental conditions, without altering the DNA sequence. Different stresses stimulate a change in the gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA, transposon and repressive polycomb complex activity. We increase our understanding of plant adaptation to stressful conditions and the mechanism on which it is based by studying epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes in the genome have been identified in different agricultural crops, which have enabled the adaptability of crops to drought stress. Given the detrimental effects of global climate change, particularly drought, the use of epigenetic differences to develop more adaptable crop varieties is of great importance in plant breeding

The contribution of epigenetic changes to the adaptability of agricultural crops to drought and a review of methods that determine them

Epigenetska regulacija ima ključnu ulogu u mehanizmima biljnog odgovora na okolišne uvjete, bez promjene DNA sekvence. Različiti stresovi djeluju kao poticaj i mijenjaju razinu genske ekspresije pomoću metilacije DNA, modifikacije histona, djelovanja mikro RNA, aktivnosti transpozona i represijskog polikomb-kompleksa. Proučavanjem epigenetskih promjena povećavamo razumijevanje prilagodbe biljaka na stresne uvjete i mehanizam na kojem se ona temelji. Kod različitih poljoprivrednih kultura utvrđene su epigenetičke promjene u genomu koje su omogućile adaptabilnost kultura na stres suše. S obzirom na štetne učinke globalnih klimatskih promjena, osobito suše, korištenje epigenetskih razlika za razvoj adaptabilnijih sorti usjeva od velike je važnosti u oplemenjivanju bilja.Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the mechanisms of plant response to environmental conditions, without altering the DNA sequence. Different stresses stimulate a change in the gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA, transposon and repressive polycomb complex activity. We increase our understanding of plant adaptation to stressful conditions and the mechanism on which it is based by studying epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes in the genome have been identified in different agricultural crops, which have enabled the adaptability of crops to drought stress. Given the detrimental effects of global climate change, particularly drought, the use of epigenetic differences to develop more adaptable crop varieties is of great importance in plant breeding

<b>A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effect of biological sex in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury</b><b>: Supplemental File 1</b>

It is unclear what effect biological sex has on the outcomes of acute lung injury (ALI). Clinical studies are confounded by their observational design. We addressed this knowledge gap with a preclinical systematic review of ALI animal studies. We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies of intratracheal/intranasal/aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, the most common ALI model, and reported sex-stratified data. Screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Our primary outcome was histological tissue injury, and secondary outcomes included alveolar-capillary barrier alterations and inflammatory markers. We used a random effects inverse variance meta-analysis, expressing data as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool.</p

<b>A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effect of biological sex in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury</b><b>: Supplemental File 2</b>

It is unclear what effect biological sex has on the outcomes of acute lung injury (ALI). Clinical studies are confounded by their observational design. We addressed this knowledge gap with a preclinical systematic review of ALI animal studies. We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies of intratracheal/intranasal/aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, the most common ALI model, and reported sex-stratified data. Screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Our primary outcome was histological tissue injury, and secondary outcomes included alveolar-capillary barrier alterations and inflammatory markers. We used a random effects inverse variance meta-analysis, expressing data as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool.</p