Writing For an Elsewhere: Author(ity) and Authenticity in the Texts of the First Franklin Expedition (1819-1822)

The central issue in Sir John Franklin's Journals and Correspondence: The First Arctic Land Expedition, 1819-1922 is the failure of the expedition and the loss of eleven crew members. To the explorers, the Arctic was useful only as an ideological and textual construct. They came to the Arctic intent on proving the mettle of a nineteenth-century ideology, concerned with the British reading public and the progress of their own careers. To the explorers, the Arctic was not a "place," in Heideggarian terms, but simply a "blank" space on a map. Even in John Franklin's official Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of The Polar Sea in the Years 1819, 20, 21, and 22, the land seems to resist the explorers's strategy of re-writing the Arctic in the terms of their own discourse. This resistance gives rise to a tension most notable in a series of negotiations between the explorers, the land, and the people; in fact, the land's resistance fed into the explorers' masculinist and colonialist discourse. Throughout the sequence of exploration, colonization, and cultivation, the same fundamental theme predominates: it is only through European activity that land can be redeemed from nothingness

The Virtual Shareholders Meeting: How to Make IT Work?

A Virtual General Meeting (“VGMâ€) of Shareholders allows shareholders to communicate quickly, efficientlyand cost-effectively with each other and the Board. Shareholders receive a code that enables them to log on toa heavily secured VGM platform where they can observe the agenda, reports, proposals and other discussionpapers. Furthermore, a VGM- platform can retain a bulletin board, which allows shareholders to set up aconstructive dialogue with each other and the Board and hereby increase their information supply. Althoughmost jurisdictions require a physical shareholders’ meeting, since 2000 Delaware (USA) allows corporationsto hold their meeting solely online. Even though several corporations have held their shareholders meetingssolely online, they have not been a resounding success. The author attributes the limited success to threefactors: (1) The rights of shareholders are not sufficiently safeguarded, (2) negative publicity and (3) cold feet.The introduction of a new corporate figure, the Shareholders Rights Manager, could help to solve theseproblems so that the VGM will become the future of the corporate decision-making process

Conclusions and Outlook

The first and clear conclusion from the papers in this book is far from surprising: law of the European Union has impact on national civil procedure. This might concern primary EU law, secondary EU law, case law, fundamental legal principles or soft law instruments. At the same time, there seems to be significant variation on several aspects of the impact of EU law on national civil procedure law. It appears that there is variation in the level of influence and in the way EU law has impact on national procedural systems. The various countries display considerable variation as to the extent of the influence both in terms of width and depth of the impact. In some countries, many different areas of civil procedure have undergone some change, while in others change is more limited in scope, or on certain areas even absent. Some national civil procedure systems have faced profound impact in some areas. While change in other systems has, at least so far, been limited to a much lower level of just concerns peripheral areas. In some of the countries studied, Europeanisation of EU law has met more resistance than in others. In this concluding chapter, we go into some general conclusions by analysing and comparing the various contributions

Editorial: Mental Imagery in Clinical Disorders

status: publishe

Electronic Properties of Ultra-Thin Aluminum Nanowires

We have carried out first principles electronic structure and total energy calculations for a series of ultrathin aluminum nanowires, based on structures obtained by relaxing the model wires of Gulseren et al. The number of conducting channels is followed as the wires radius is increased. The results suggest that pentagonal wires should be detectable, as the only ones who can yield a channel number between 8 and 10.Comment: 9 pages + 3 figures, to appear on Surface Scienc

Contextual representations of negative images modulate intrusion frequency in an intrusion provocation paradigm

Background and objectives: To understand how memories of negative events become highly accessible in the context of trauma, we tested the hypothesis that contextual information modulates how easily intrusions can be provoked by perceptual stimuli. Methods: Healthy participants viewed pictures depicting trauma scenes either with or without accompanying moderate (i.e. survival, recovery) or severe (i.e. fatality, permanent injury) outcome information. All participants viewed the same depictions of trauma scenes. Involuntary memories for the pictures were assessed using self-report diaries and an adapted version of the Impact of Event Scales (IES). A blurred picture perceptual priming paradigm was adapted to be used as an intrusion provocation task. Results: The severe outcome group experienced a significantly higher frequency of intrusions on the intrusion provocation task in comparison to both moderate outcome and control (no-context) conditions. The severe outcome condition did not increase intrusions on the self-report diaries or the adapted IES. There was no effect of condition on ratings for the emotionality, self-relevance, valence, or seriousness of the trauma scenes. Limitations: The analogue method should not be generalized directly to incidences of real-life trauma. It was unclear why differences in intrusion frequency were found in the provocation task only. The relative amount of individual conceptual and data-driven processing adopted by the participants was not assessed. Conclusions: Manipulating contextual information that determines the meaning of sensory-perceptual features for a trauma scene can modulate subsequent intrusion frequency in response to visually similar cues

INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY IMPACTS OF LARGE CORPORATIONS IN ARCTIC COMMUNITIES: SPECIFIC FOCUS ON SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR THE SWEDISH SAMI

In recent decades more global attention has focused on the Arctic. This can be seen in the both the development of industries as well as the expansion of the Arctic Council’s membership.  Countries with at least some part located above the Arctic Circle are; Norway, Greenland, Canada, United States, Russia, Finland, and Sweden. The focus on the indigenous people, specifically the Sami of Sweden, presents a good case for assessing impacts of development on northern, Arctic, communities. Population density in Sweden is recorded as 21.4 people per square kilometer, with a higher population density in southern Sweden. The majority of the Sami people live in small to medium-sized communities, in remote regions, resulting in a disconnect with the modern world. One industry that is already present in the Swedish Arctic is mining, especially for ore and carbon. However, now other industries, including multinational enterprises (MNE’s), such as Facebook, which recently built a new five acre data center near the Arctic Circle, are beginning to realize the opportunities the Arctic region and its environment have to offer. The question of how sustainable business can be conducted in the Arctic will be answered by analyzing the impacts on the Sami communities and how people react and should react to these changes within their communities. This study analyzed current events through literature review and interviews of representatives from the impacted Arctic regions. The increased development has resulted in both negative and positive impacts such as reduction of land use, but increased employment opportunities