The development of the ICIQ-UAB: A patient reported outcome measure for underactive bladder

Aims: To present the development of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-underactive bladder (ICIQ-UAB) as the first patient reported outcome measure for the assessment of the symptoms and impact on the health-related quality of life of UAB developed in-line with the Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Industry.Methods: Draft items were developed following 44 semi-structured concept elicitation interviews in the UK and refined using 36 cognitive interviews. A pilot study was designed to assess the draft ICIQ-UAB's initial psychometric properties with 54 patients recruited from European hospitals. Further concept elicitation interviews were also carried out with 11 patients in the US and 10 patients in Japan. All participants had a prior urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor underactivity.Results: The cognitive interviews confirmed the initial items to be understood and interpreted as intended. Pilot testing showed that both internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.85) and test-retest reliability (stable patients; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.88) werehigh. The interviews in the US and Japan elicited symptoms and impacts that support previous findings in the UK and provided further insight into the experiences of patients in those countries. The developmental ICIQ-UAB was refined using the evidence from all substudies.Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the ICIQ-UAB were supported in a pilot study settingand the wider cultural applicability by the additional interviews in the US and Japan. Following further validation in future clinical trials, the developmental ICIQ-UAB is envisaged as an important tool for the monitoring of future UAB treatment strategies

Caterpillars induce jasmonates in flowers and alter plant responses to a second attacker

International audienceIn nature, herbivorous insects and plant pathogens are generally abundant when plants are flowering. Thus, plants face a diversity of attackers during their reproductive phase. Plant responses to one attacker can interfere with responses to a second attacker, and phytohor-mones that orchestrate plant reproduction are also involved in resistance to insect and pathogen attack. We quantified phytohormonal responses of flowering plants exposed to single or dual attack and studied resistance mechanisms of plants in the flowering stage. Flowering Brassica nigra were exposed to either a chewing caterpillar, a phloem-feeding aphid or a bacterial pathogen, and plant hormonal responses were compared with dual attack situations. We quantified phytohormones in inflorescences and leaves, and determined the consequences of hormonal changes for components of direct and indirect plant resistance. Caterpillars were the main inducers of jasmonates in inflorescences, and the phytohormonal profile of leaves was not affected by either insect or pathogen attack. Dual attack increased plant resistance to caterpillars, but compromised resistance to aphids. Parasitoid performance was negatively correlated with the performance of their hosts. We conclude that plants prioritize resistance of reproductive tissues over vegetative tissues, and that a chewing herbivore species is the main driver of responses in flowering B. nigra

Efeito do probiótico sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e exigências nutricionais de proteína bruta de codornas de corte Effect of the addition of probiotic on performance, carcass yield and crude protein nutritional requirements of meat quails

Para avaliar o efeito do probiótico (Lactobacillus sp.) associado a diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB) sobre o desempenho, as exigências nutricionais de PB, o rendimento de carcaça e de cortes de codornas de corte, foram utilizadas 2.304 codornas de corte, distribuídas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 (com e sem probiótico e 15, 20, 25 ou 30% de PB), com duas repetições por nível de PB, repetido duas vezes no tempo (dois períodos experimentais), totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. A adição do probiótico reduziu o consumo de ração e melhorou a conversão alimentar no período de 1 a 7 dias de idade. De acordo com os pesos médios do modelo Linear Response Plateau (LRP), aos 7 e aos 14 dias, as estimativas de exigência foram de 27% de PB e aos 21, 28 e 35 dias, 22 a 24% de PB. A adição do probiótico não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça e de cortes. Para o rendimento de carcaça, a exigência de PB, de acordo com o modelo quadrático, foi estimada em 23,53%, mas, pelo modelo LRP, a estimativa reduziu para 17,13% de PB. Nas condições ambientais em que as codornas foram criadas, a adição do probiótico não influenciou o desempenho, as exigências nutricionais de PB e o rendimento de carcaça de codornas de corte. As exigências de PB para aves de até 14 dias de idade são de 27% e, após esta idade, reduzem para 22 a 24%.<br>To evaluate the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus sp.) associated with different crude protein (CP) levels on performance, CP nutritional requirements, carcass and cut yields of meat quails, a total of 2304 meat quails were distributed in a 2 × 4 factorial design (with and without probiotic and four CP levels - 15, 20, 25 and 30%), with two replications per treatment, repeated twice in time (two experimental periods), totalizing 32 experimental units. The addition of probiotic decreased the feed intake and improved the feed conversion rate at 1 to 7 days of age. According to the mean weight of the LRP model, at 7 and 14 days, the requirement estimations were of 27% of CP and at 21, 28 and 35 days, the requirements were from 22 to 24% of CP. The addition of probiotic did not influence carcass and cut yields. For the carcass yield, the CP requirement, according to the quadratic model, was estimated in 23.53%; however, in relation to LRP, the estimative decrease to 17.13% of CP. It was possible to conclude that in the environmental conditions evaluated, the addition of probiotic did not influence the performance, CP nutritional requirement and carcass yield of meat quails. The CP requirements for birds of up to 14 days of age were of 27% and, after this age, there are evidences of reduction to values from 22 to 24%