31 research outputs found
Investigating the effects of climatic variability on long term behavioural activity budgets of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Shark Bay, Western Australia
Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels
[EN] In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives
from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is
shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be
converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification,
etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels
can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation,
decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C C coupling
reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive
platform molecules.This work has been supported by the Spanish Government-MINECO through Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat and CTQ.-2011-27550, ITQ thanks the "Program Severo Ochoa" for financial support.Climent Olmedo, MJ.; Corma Canós, A.; Iborra Chornet, S. (2014). Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Green Chemistry. 16(2):516-547. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41492bS51654716
Vapor Pressures of Several Commercially Used Alkanolamines
For the design of acid gas treating processes, vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data must be available of the solvents to be applied. In this study the vapor pressures of seven frequently industrially used alkanolamines (diethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, diisopropanol-amine, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) were measured in an ebulliometer. The VLE experiments were carried out at presssures between (1 and 400) kPa and at a maximum temperature of 453 K. The experimental data can be used to improve the thermodynamic models in gas treating processes and to determine the amine losses in the absorber and desorber.
Promising sources of energy in the near future
Fossil fuels, renewable, nuclear, or fissile fuels are the main energy sources. Fossil fuels, especially oil, are still the most popular source of energy in the world. Importance of clean and renewable energy sources (RESs) has increased significantly in recent years. The authors analyze current and future energy situation in the world. The futuristic concept of engine fuel has become the promising fuel resource which can compete with oil. The paper analyzes and discusses also the alternative energy sources in the future