Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Constrains Continental Expression of Great Meteor Hotspot Magmatism

The New England-Québec Igneous Province is considered to be a continental expression of Great Meteor Hotspot magmatism, though other geodynamic scenarios have been suggested. Existing geochronologic data lack the needed accuracy and precision to permit tests of potential causal mechanisms. We provide zircon U-Pb ages for four igneous centers and a suite of plate reconstructions and show that the duration between magmatism in each branch of this province is ca. 3–6 Myr shorter and ca. 10 Myr older than predicted if the spatial-temporal distribution of magmatism conformed to a well-defined age progression. However, in addition to uncertainties in plate reconstructions, variable regional crustal thickness or lithospheric topography likely played a role in mediating the rates of melt transport to emplacement depth and we therefore cannot reject the hotspot hypothesis. Our results place the best-available chronological constraints on continental magmatism associated with one of the oldest and longest-lived hotspots. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.6 month embargo; published online: 05 June 2021This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Pediatric forensic pathology in evolution

Pediatric forensic pathology has been under considerable scrutiny in recent years with a number of significant issues being raised concerning the quality and application of this subspecialized area. Considering the relatively small numbers of pediatric cases that are seen in medicolegal practice, the area unfortunately attracts more than its share of public and professional attention and criticism. Although easy to define (it is the study of injury and disease in children and its application to the law), problems have arisen in determining how pediatric forensic pathology should be taught, certified, and practiced. Despite a number of positive developments occurring, with formal inquiries into practices and the formulation of recommendations and protocols, it is still unclear what constitutes a pediatric forensic pathologist; for example; is it an adult forensic pathologist who has an interest in pediatric cases, or should the term be restricted to a board certified pediatric pathologist who undertakes forensic work? Alternatively, should pediatric forensic pathology be a separate subspeciality with its own examinations and standards?Roger W. Byar