Концептуальные основы создания информационно-управляющей системы оценки качества электрической энергии на агропромышленных предприятиях

Сформулированы концептуальные основы диагностики качества функционирования сельскохозяйственных потребителей электрической энергии с использованием векторных измерений в производстве, переработке, хранении сырья растительного происхождения и автоматизации технологических процессов в животноводстве. Выполнен обзор литературных источников по вопросам использования векторных измерений для диагностики качества энергетических процессов в электроэнергетических сетях SMART-технологий и электротехнических системах с разнородными источниками генерации и агропромышленными потребителями электрической энергии

The fidelity of DNA replication, particularly on GC-rich templates, is reduced by defects of the Fe-S cluster in DNA polymerase δ

Iron-sulfur clusters (4Fe-4S) exist in many enzymes concerned with DNA replication and repair. The contribution of these clusters to enzymatic activity is not fully understood. We identified the MET18 (MMS19) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a strong mutator on GC-rich genes. Met18p is required for the efficient insertion of iron-sulfur clusters into various proteins. met18 mutants have an elevated rate of deletions between short flanking repeats, consistent with increased DNA polymerase slippage. This phenotype is very similar to that observed in mutants of POL3 (encoding the catalytic subunit of Pol δ) that weaken binding of the iron-sulfur cluster. Comparable mutants of POL2 (Pol ϵ) do not elevate deletions. Further support for the conclusion that met18 strains result in impaired DNA synthesis by Pol δ are the observations that Pol δ isolated from met18 strains has less bound iron and is less processive in vitro than the wild-type holoenzyme

Genomic and proteomic biases inform metabolic engineering strategies for anaerobic fungi.

Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) are emerging non-model hosts for biotechnology due to their wealth of biomass-degrading enzymes, yet tools to engineer these fungi have not yet been established. Here, we show that the anaerobic gut fungi have the most GC depleted genomes among 443 sequenced organisms in the fungal kingdom, which has ramifications for heterologous expression of genes as well as for emerging CRISPR-based genome engineering approaches. Comparative genomic analyses suggest that anaerobic fungi may contain cellular machinery to aid in sexual reproduction, yet a complete mating pathway was not identified. Predicted proteomes of the anaerobic fungi also contain an unusually large fraction of proteins with homopolymeric amino acid runs consisting of five or more identical consecutive amino acids. In particular, threonine runs are especially enriched in anaerobic fungal carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and this, together with a high abundance of predicted N-glycosylation motifs, suggests that gut fungal CAZymes are heavily glycosylated, which may impact heterologous production of these biotechnologically useful enzymes. Finally, we present a codon optimization strategy to aid in the development of genetic engineering tools tailored to these early-branching anaerobic fungi

Global changes in extreme daily temperature since 1950

Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical UnionExtreme value analysis of observed daily temperature anomalies from a new quasi-global data set indicates that extreme daily maximum and minimum temperatures (>98.5 or <1.5 percentile) have warmed for most regions since 1950. Changes in extreme anomalous daily temperatures are determined by fitting extreme value distributions with time-varying parameters. Changes in the distribution of anomaly exceedances above a high threshold are found to be statistically significant at the 10% level for most land areas when compared with a time-invariant distribution and with the unforced natural variability produced by a coupled climate model. The largest positive trends in the location parameter of the extreme distribution are found in Canada and Eurasia where daily maximum temperatures have typically warmed by 1 to 3 degrees C since 1950. The total area exhibiting positive trends is significantly greater than can be attributed to unforced natural variability. For most regions, positive trend magnitudes are larger and cover a greater area for daily minimum temperatures than for maximum temperatures. The comparatively small areas of cooling are found to be consistent with unforced natural climate variability. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is found to have a significant influence on extreme winter daily temperatures for many areas, with a negative NAO of one standard deviation reducing expected extreme winter daily temperatures by similar to 2 degrees C over Eurasia but increasing temperatures over northeastern North America

Oscillations of hydrodynamic characteristics in small scaled fluidized bed with high velocity of gas phase

Experimental data for small scaled fluidized bed was obtained: jet angle, jet height, bubble formation frequency. Experiment was also simulated in ANSYS Fluent software. Experimental and simulation data were in good agreement.Были получены опытные характеристики пузырькового кипящего слоя маленького размера с высокоскоростным сопловым потоком: угол раскрытия струи, высота струи, частота образования пузырей. В программе AnsysFluent было произведено численное моделирование эксперимента. Расчетные и экспериментальные параметры совпали

Numerical Investigation of Hydrodynamics of a Reactor of Synthesis Gas

A mathematical model of a hot desulphurization system for gas synthesis has been created. The kinetic constants of the process of reduction of zinc oxide by charcoal and the process of hydrogen sulphide absorption by zinc oxide are determined experimentally. The calculation of a hot desulphurization system for the synthesis of gas with a stream reactor was carried out. The combination of thermal, chemical and hydrodynamic calculations is a simulation of a desulphurization system that will predict possible losses of the sorbent during operation, determine the optimum operating temperatures, and the composition of the gas at the outlet. The result of the simulation was the resultant flow, so to compare the experimental and calculated data, the experimental costs of the ascending and descending flows were reduced to the resultant ones. Also taking into account the overall dimensions of the lifting shaft, the experimental specific resultant flows of the solid phase were reduced to absolute.Создана математическая модель системы горячей сероочистки синтез газа. Экспериментально определены кинетические константы процесса восстановления окиси цинка углем и процесса поглощения сероводорода оксидом цинка. Проведен расчет системы горячей сероочистки синтез газа с поточным реактором. Объединение теплового, химического и гидродинамического расчета является моделированием системы сероочистки, который позволят спрогнозировать возможные потери сорбента в ходе эксплуатации, определить оптимальные рабочие температуры, состав газа на выходе. Результатом моделирования оказался результирующий поток, поэтому для сравнения экспериментальных и расчетных данных опытные расходы восходящих и нисходящих потоков были приведены к результирующим. А так же с учетом габаритных размеров подъемной шахты опытные удельные результирующие потоки твердой фазы были приведены к абсолютным

Amyloid-Mediated Sequestration of Essential Proteins Contributes to Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity in Yeast

BACKGROUND: Polyglutamine expansion is responsible for several neurodegenerative disorders, among which Huntington disease is the most well-known. Studies in the yeast model demonstrated that both aggregation and toxicity of a huntingtin (htt) protein with an expanded polyglutamine region strictly depend on the presence of the prion form of Rnq1 protein ([PIN+]), which has a glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we showed that aggregation and toxicity of mutant htt depended on [PIN+] only quantitatively: the presence of [PIN+] elevated the toxicity and the levels of htt detergent-insoluble polymers. In cells lacking [PIN+], toxicity of mutant htt was due to the polymerization and inactivation of the essential glutamine/asparagine-rich Sup35 protein and related inactivation of another essential protein, Sup45, most probably via its sequestration into Sup35 aggregates. However, inhibition of growth of [PIN+] cells depended on Sup35/Sup45 depletion only partially, suggesting that there are other sources of mutant htt toxicity in yeast. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that induced polymerization of essential glutamine/asparagine-rich proteins and related sequestration of other proteins which interact with these polymers represent an essential source of htt toxicity