10 research outputs found
Nutritional Aspects in the Care of the Child with Cleft Lip and Palate
- Author
- Publication venue
- Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons
- Publication date
- 01/07/1978
- Field of study
Proper nutrition is essential in the care of the infant with cleft lip or palate, as these infants are often plagued with feeding difficulties from birth. This paper reviews recent literature on the many feeding practices in use today and discusses the current trend toward a multidisciplinary approach to treatment for the cleft lip/palate child. It also presents a brief review of experimental animal studies which have implicated nutritional deficiences in the causation of cleft lip/palate
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
- Author
- Aagaard Kjersti M
- Abolude Olukemi O
- Abubucker Sahar
- Allen-Vercoe Emma
- Alm Eric J
- Alvarado Lucia
- Andersen Gary L
- Anderson Scott
- Appelbaum Elizabeth
- Arachchi Harindra M
- Armitage Gary
- Arze Cesar A
- Ayvaz Tulin
- Badger Jonathan H
- Baker Carl C
- Begg Lisa
- Belachew Tsegahiwot
- Bhonagiri Veena
- Bihan Monika
- Birren Bruce W
- Blaser Martin J
- Bloom Toby
- Bonazzi Vivien
- Brooks J. Paul
- Buck Gregory A
- Buhay Christian J
- Busam Dana A
- Campbell Joseph L
- Canon Shane R
- Cantarel Brandi L
- Chain Patrick S. G
- Chen I-Min A
- Chen Lei
- Chhibba Shaila
- Chinwalla Asif T
- Chu Ken
- Ciulla Dawn M
- Clemente Jose C
- Clifton Sandra W
- Conlan Sean
- Crabtree Jonathan
- Creasy Heather H
- Cutting Mary A
- Davidovics Noam J
- Davis Catherine C
- Deal Carolyn
- Delehaunty Kimberley D
- DeSantis Todd Z
- Dewhirst Floyd E
- Deych Elena
- Di Francesco Valentina
- Ding Yannan
- Dooling David J
- Dugan Shannon P
- Dunne Wm Michael
- Durkin A. Scott
- Earl Ashlee M
- Edgar Robert C
- Erlich Rachel L
- Farmer Candace N
- Farrell Ruth M
- Faust Karoline
- Feldgarden Michael
- Felix Victor M
- Fisher Sheila
- FitzGerald Michael G
- Fodor Anthony A
- Forney Larry J
- Foster Leslie
- Friedman Jonathan
- Friedrich Dennis C
- Fronick Catrina C
- Fulton Lucinda L
- Fulton Robert S
- Gao Hongyu
- Garcia Nathalia
- Gevers Dirk
- Giannoukos Georgia
- Gibbs Richard A
- Giblin Christina
- Giglio Michelle G
- Giovanni Maria Y
- Goldberg Jonathan M
- Goll Johannes
- Gonzalez Antonio
- Griggs Allison
- Gujja Sharvari
- Haake Susan Kinder
- Haas Brian J
- Hallsworth-Pepin Kymberlie
- Hamilton Holli A
- Harris Emily L
- Hepburn Theresa A
- Herter Brandi
- Highlander Sarah K
- Hoffmann Diane E
- Holder Michael E
- Howarth Clinton
- Huang Katherine H
- Huse Susan M
- Huttenhower Curtis
- Izard Jacques
- Jansson Janet K
- Jiang Huaiyang
- Jordan Catherine
- Joshi Vandita
- Katancik James A
- Keitel Wendy A
- Kelley Scott T
- Kells Cristyn
- King Nicholas B
- Knight Rob
- Knights Dan
- Kong Heidi H
- Koren Omry
- Koren Sergey
- Kota Karthik C
- Kovar Christie L
- Kyrpides Nikos C
- La Rosa Patricio S
- Lee Sandra L
- Lemon Katherine P
- Lennon Niall
- Lewis Cecil M
- Lewis Lora
- Ley Ruth E
- Li Kelvin
- Liolios Konstantinos
- Liu Bo
- Liu Yue
- Lo Chien-Chi
- Lobos Elizabeth A
- Lozupone Catherine A
- Lunsford R. Dwayne
- Madden Tessa
- Madupu Ramana
- Magrini Vincent
- Mahurkar Anup A
- Mannon Peter J
- Mardis Elaine R
- Markowitz Victor M
- Martin John C
- Mavromatis Konstantinos
- McCorrison Jamison M
- McDonald Daniel
- McEwen Jean
- McGuire Amy L
- McInnes Pamela
- Mehta Teena
- Methe Barbara A
- Mihindukulasuriya Kathie A
- Miller Jason R
- Minx Patrick J
- Mitreva Makedonka
- Muzny Donna M
- Nelson Karen E
- Newsham Irene
- Nusbaum Chad
- O'Laughlin Michelle
- Orvis Joshua
- Pagani Ioanna
- Palaniappan Krishna
- Patel Shital M
- Pearson Matthew
- Peterson Jane
- Petrosino Joseph F
- Podar Mircea
- Pohl Craig
- Pollard Katherine S
- Pop Mihai
- Priest Margaret E
- Proctor Lita M
- Qin Xiang
- Raes Jeroen
- Ravel Jacques
- Reid Jeffrey G
- Rho Mina
- Rhodes Rosamond
- Riehle Kevin P
- Rivera Maria C
- Rodriguez-Mueller Beltran
- Rogers Yu-Hui
- Ross Matthew C
- Russ Carsten
- Sanka Ravi K
- Sankar Pamela
- Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah
- Schloss Jeffery A
- Schloss Patrick D
- Schmidt Thomas M
- Scholz Matthew
- Schriml Lynn
- Schubert Alyxandria M
- Segata Nicola
- Segre Julia A
- Shannon William D
- Sharp Richard R
- Sharpton Thomas J
- Shenoy Narmada
- Sheth Nihar U
- Simone Gina A
- Singh Indresh
- Smillie Christopher S
- Sobel Jack D
- Sodergren Erica J
- Sommer Daniel D
- Spicer Paul
- Sutton Granger G
- Sykes Sean M
- Tabbaa Diana G
- Thiagarajan Mathangi
- Tomlinson Chad M
- Torralba Manolito
- Treangen Todd J
- Truty Rebecca M
- Versalovic James
- Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A
- Walker Jason
- Wang Lu
- Wang Zhengyuan
- Ward Doyle V
- Warren Wesley
- Watson Mark A
- Weinstock George M
- Wellington Christopher
- Wetterstrand Kris A
- White James R
- White Owen
- Wilczek-Boney Katarzyna
- Wilson Richard K
- Wollam Aye M
- Worley Kim C
- Wortman Jennifer R
- Wu YuanQing
- Wylie Kristine M
- Wylie Todd
- Yandava Chandri
- Ye Liang
- Ye Yuzhen
- Yooseph Shibu
- Youmans Bonnie P
- Young Sarah K
- Zeng Qiandong
- Zhang Lan
- Zhou Yanjiao
- Zhu Yiming
- Zoloth Laurie
- Zucker Jeremy D
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/11/2011
- Field of study
Author Posting. © The Authors, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group. The definitive version was published in Nature 486 (2012): 207-214, doi:10.1038/nature11234.Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.This research was supported in
part by National Institutes of Health grants U54HG004969 to B.W.B.; U54HG003273
to R.A.G.; U54HG004973 to R.A.G., S.K.H. and J.F.P.; U54HG003067 to E.S.Lander;
U54AI084844 to K.E.N.; N01AI30071 to R.L.Strausberg; U54HG004968 to G.M.W.;
U01HG004866 to O.R.W.; U54HG003079 to R.K.W.; R01HG005969 to C.H.;
R01HG004872 to R.K.; R01HG004885 to M.P.; R01HG005975 to P.D.S.;
R01HG004908 to Y.Y.; R01HG004900 to M.K.Cho and P. Sankar; R01HG005171 to
D.E.H.; R01HG004853 to A.L.M.; R01HG004856 to R.R.; R01HG004877 to R.R.S. and
R.F.; R01HG005172 to P. Spicer.; R01HG004857 to M.P.; R01HG004906 to T.M.S.;
R21HG005811 to E.A.V.; M.J.B. was supported by UH2AR057506; G.A.B. was
supported by UH2AI083263 and UH3AI083263 (G.A.B., C. N. Cornelissen, L. K. Eaves
and J. F. Strauss); S.M.H. was supported by UH3DK083993 (V. B. Young, E. B. Chang,
F. Meyer, T. M. S., M. L. Sogin, J. M. Tiedje); K.P.R. was supported by UH2DK083990 (J.
V.); J.A.S. and H.H.K. were supported by UH2AR057504 and UH3AR057504 (J.A.S.);
DP2OD001500 to K.M.A.; N01HG62088 to the Coriell Institute for Medical Research;
U01DE016937 to F.E.D.; S.K.H. was supported by RC1DE0202098 and
R01DE021574 (S.K.H. and H. Li); J.I. was supported by R21CA139193 (J.I. and
D. S. Michaud); K.P.L. was supported by P30DE020751 (D. J. Smith); Army Research
Office grant W911NF-11-1-0473 to C.H.; National Science Foundation grants NSF
DBI-1053486 to C.H. and NSF IIS-0812111 to M.P.; The Office of Science of the US
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 for P.S. C.; LANL
Laboratory-Directed Research and Development grant 20100034DR and the US
Defense Threat Reduction Agency grants B104153I and B084531I to P.S.C.; Research
Foundation - Flanders (FWO) grant to K.F. and J.Raes; R.K. is an HHMI Early Career
Scientist; Gordon&BettyMoore Foundation funding and institutional funding fromthe
J. David Gladstone Institutes to K.S.P.; A.M.S. was supported by fellowships provided by
the Rackham Graduate School and the NIH Molecular Mechanisms in Microbial
Pathogenesis Training Grant T32AI007528; a Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of
Canada Grant in Aid of Research to E.A.V.; 2010 IBM Faculty Award to K.C.W.; analysis
of the HMPdata was performed using National Energy Research Scientific Computing
resources, the BluBioU Computational Resource at Rice University
A framework for human microbiome research
- Author
- Aagaard Kjersti M.
- Abolude Olukemi O.
- Abubucker Sahar
- Allen-Vercoe Emma
- Alm Eric J.
- Alvarado Lucia
- Andersen Gary L.
- Anderson Scott
- Appelbaum Elizabeth
- Arachchi Harindra M.
- Armitage Gary
- Arze Cesar A.
- Ayvaz Tulin
- Badger Jonathan H.
- Baker Carl C.
- Begg Lisa
- Belachew Tsegahiwot
- Bhonagiri Veena
- Bihan Monika
- Birren Bruce W.
- Blaser Martin J.
- Bloom Toby
- Brooks Paul
- Buck Gregory A.
- Buhay Christian J.
- Busam Dana A.
- Campbell Joseph L.
- Canon Shane R.
- Cantarel Brandi L.
- Chain Patrick S.
- Chen I-Min A.
- Chen Lei
- Chhibba Shaila
- Chinwalla Asif T.
- Chu Ken
- Ciulla Dawn M.
- Clemente Jose C.
- Clifton Sandra W.
- Conlan Sean
- Crabtree Jonathan
- Creasy Heather H.
- Cutting Mary A.
- Davidovics Noam J.
- Davis Catherine C.
- Deal Carolyn
- Delehaunty Kimberley D.
- DeSantis Todd Z.
- Dewhirst Floyd Everett
- Deych Elena
- Di Francesco Valentina
- Ding Yan
- Dooling David J.
- Dugan Shannon P.
- Dunne Wm. Michael
- Durkin A. Scott
- Earl Ashlee M.
- Edgar Robert C.
- Erlich Rachel L.
- Farmer Candace N.
- Farrell Ruth M.
- Faust Karoline
- Feldgarden Michael
- Felix Victor M.
- Fisher Sheila
- FitzGerald Michael G.
- Fodor Anthony A.
- Forney Larry
- Foster Leslie
- Friedman Jonathan
- Friedrich Dennis C.
- Fronick Catrina C.
- Fulton Lucinda L.
- Fulton Robert S.
- Gao Hongyu
- Garcia Nathalia
- Gevers Dirk
- Giannoukos Georgia
- Gibbs Richard A.
- Giblin Christina
- Giglio Michelle G.
- Giovanni Maria Y.
- Goldberg Jonathan M.
- Goll Johannes
- Gonzalez Antonio
- Griggs Allison
- Gujja Sharvari
- Haas Brian J.
- Hallsworth-Pepin Kymberlie
- Hamilton Holli A.
- Harris Emily L.
- Hepburn Theresa A.
- Herter Brandi
- Highlander Sarah K.
- Hoffmann Diane E.
- Holder Michael E.
- Howarth Clinton
- Huang Katherine H.
- Huse Susan M.
- Huttenhower Curtis
- Izard Jacques Georges
- Jansson Janet K.
- Jiang Huaiyang
- Jordan Catherine
- Joshi Vandita
- Katancik James A.
- Keitel Wendy A.
- Kelley Scott T.
- Kells Cristyn
- Kinder-Haake Susan
- King Nicholas B.
- Knight Rob
- Knights Dan
- Kong Heidi H.
- Koren Omry
- Koren Sergey
- Kota Karthik C.
- Kovar Christie L.
- Kyrpides Nikos C.
- La Rosa Patricio S.
- Lee Sandra L.
- Lemon Katherine Paige
- Lennon Niall
- Lewis Cecil M.
- Lewis Lora
- Ley Ruth E.
- Li Kelvin
- Liolios Konstantinos
- Liu Bo
- Liu Yue
- Lo Chien-Chi
- Lobos Elizabeth A.
- Lozupone Catherine A.
- Lunsford R. Dwayne
- Madden Tessa
- Madupu Ramana
- Magrini Vincent
- Mahurkar Anup A.
- Mannon Peter J.
- Mardis Elaine R.
- Markowitz Victor M.
- Martin John C.
- Mavrommatis Konstantinos
- McCorrison Jamison M.
- McDonald Daniel
- McEwen Jean
- McGuire Amy L.
- McInnes Pamela
- Mehta Teena
- Methé Barbara A.
- Mihindukulasuriya Kathie A.
- Miller Jason R.
- Minx Patrick J.
- Mitreva Makedonka
- Muzny Donna M.
- Nelson Karen E.
- Newsham Irene
- Nusbaum Chad
- Orvis Joshua
- O’Laughlin Michelle
- Pagani Ioanna
- Palaniappan Krishna
- Pamela Sankar J.
- Patel Shital M.
- Pearson Matthew
- Peterson Jane
- Petrosino Joseph F.
- Podar Mircea
- Pohl Craig
- Pollard Katherine S.
- Pop Mihai
- Priest Margaret E.
- Proctor Lita M.
- Qin Xiang
- Raes Jeroen
- Ravel Jacques
- Reid Jeffrey G.
- Rho Mina
- Rhodes Rosamond
- Riehle Kevin P.
- Rivera Maria C.
- Rodriguez-Mueller Beltran
- Rogers Yu-Hui
- Ross Matthew C.
- Russ Carsten
- Sanka Ravi K.
- Sathirapongsasuti Fah
- Schloss Jeffery A.
- Schloss Patrick D.
- Schmidt Thomas M.
- Scholz Matthew
- Schriml Lynn
- Schubert Alyxandria M.
- Segata Nicola
- Segre Julia A.
- Shannon William D.
- Sharp Richard R.
- Sharpton Thomas J.
- Shenoy Narmada
- Sheth Nihar U.
- Simone Gina A.
- Singh Indresh
- Smillie Chris Scott
- Sobel Jack D.
- Sodergren Erica J.
- Sommer Daniel D.
- Spicer Paul
- Sutton Granger G.
- Sykes Sean M.
- Tabbaa Diana G.
- Thiagarajan Mathangi
- Tomlinson Chad M.
- Torralba Manolito
- Treangen Todd J.
- Truty Rebecca M.
- Versalovic James
- Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A.
- Vivien Bonazzi J.
- Walker Jason
- Wang Lu
- Wang Zhengyuan
- Ward Doyle V.
- Warren Wesley
- Watson Mark A.
- Weinstock George M.
- Wellington Christopher
- Wetterstrand Kris A.
- White James R.
- White Owen
- Wilczek-Boney Katarzyna
- Wilson Richard K.
- Wollam Aye M.
- Worley Kim C.
- Wortman Jennifer R.
- Wu Yuan Qing
- Wylie Kristine M.
- Wylie Todd
- Yandava Chandri
- Ye Liang
- Ye Yuzhen
- Yooseph Shibu
- Youmans Bonnie P.
- Young Sarah K.
- Zeng Qiandong
- Zhang Lan
- Zhou Yanjiao
- Zhu Yiming
- Zoloth Laurie
- Zucker Jeremy Daniel Hofeld
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/11/2011
- Field of study
A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times, which have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S ribosomal RNA genes and over 3.5 terabases of metagenomic sequence so far. In parallel, approximately 800 reference strains isolated from the human body have been sequenced. Collectively, these data represent the largest resource describing the abundance and variety of the human microbiome, while providing a framework for current and future studies
Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
- Author
- Abaterusso Cataldo
- Abdul Kadir Khalid
- Abrahamovych Orest
- Acharya Shamasunder
- Acosta Idalia
- Adam Noor
- Adams Luthando
- Adawi Faiad
- Adolphe Allen
- Ahmad Ghazali
- Ahmed Azazuddin
- Ahmed Ziauddin
- Ahn Kyu Jeung
- Alcantara-Gonzalez Altagracia Aurora
- Aldrete Jorge
- Ali Norhaliza Mohd
- Almirall Jaume
- Alscher Mark
- Alvarado Odilon
- Alvarez German
- Alvarisqueta Andres
- Amin Mohammad
- Amodeo Celso
- Andress Dennis L
- Annand Andrew
- Antunes Ferreira Manuel Anibal
- Anzai Jiichi
- Apostolou Theofanis
- Arauz-Pacheco Carlos
- Arciszewska Malgorzata
- Argoud Georges
- Arif Ahmed
- Aronson Ronnie
- Arrieta Lezama Javier
- Assefi Ali
- Ato Keita
- Atray Naveen
- Awua-Larbi Stella
- Aziz Nor Azizah
- Azuma Nobuyuki
- Bai Liqun
- Bailey Gordon
- Bajaj Harpreet Singh
- Bakdash Wa'El
- Baker John
- Baker Penelope
- Bako Gabriel
- Bakris George
- Bakris George
- Bansal Shweta
- Bar-Dayan Yosefa
- Bardymova Tatiana
- Barendregt Jnm
- Barengolts Elena
- Bartaskova Dagmar
- Bau Cho-Tsan
- Bayliss George
- Beddhu Srinivasan
- Bedros Fadi
- Belledonne Mario
- Belo Diogo
- Bentsianov Marie
- Bhargava Anuj
- Bhorat Qasim
- Bieler Tasso
- Birne Rita
- Blagoveshchenskaya Olga
- Bloom Scott
- Blumenthal Samuel
- Bochicchio-Ricardelli Tomasso
- Bock Andreas
- Bohm Guillermo
- Boiskin Mark
- Bonet Sol Josep
- Borges Joao Lindolfo
- Bowman-Stroud Cynthia
- Brantley Roman
- Bressler Peter
- Brown Eric
- Brunati Chiara
- Brusco Osvaldo
- Bucek Petr
- Budde Klemens
- Burga Nunez Jose
- Burgos-Calderon Rafael
- Busch Robert
- Butt Salman
- Cabrita Antonio
- Calderon Ortiz Ricardo
- Calderon Ticona Jorge
- Calero Gonzalez Francesca
- Cangiano Jose
- Capasso Giovambattista
- Carranza-Madrigal Jaime
- Castillo Alvaro
- Castro-Alonso Cristina
- Cathcart Harold
- Cercato Cintia
- Cha Dae-Ryong
- Chan Doris
- Chatha Rupi
- Chen Ching-Chu
- Chen Jung-Fu
- Chen Nan
- Cheung Siu Fai
- Chevaile-Ramos Jose
- Chew Wong Alfredo
- Chmelickova Hana
- Cho Ho Chan
- Cho Yong-Wook
- Choi Kyung Mook
- Choi Moon-Gi
- Chow Stephen
- Christofides Elena
- Chu Chih-Hsun
- Chuang Peale
- Chung Choon Hee
- Ciechanowski Kazimierz
- Cigarran Guldris Secundino
- Coetzee Kathleen
- Cohen Josef
- Combe Christian
- Comulada-Rivera Angel
- Conte Giuseppe
- Cooke Duncan
- Correa-Rotter Ricardo
- Costa e Forti Adriana
- Cournoyer Serge
- Cruz Lucita
- Cusumano Ana
- D'Avila Domingos
- Dahl Neera
- Danin Vargas Alfredo
- Daoud Deeb
- Davis Tim
- de Arteaga Javier
- De Cosmo Salvatore
- De la Calle Gilda
- de Lourdes Noronha Irene
- de Zeeuw Dick
- Deboni Luciane
- Delgado-Butron Cesar
- Dellanna Frank
- Desai Sachin
- Dextre Espinoza Augusto
- Ding Guohua
- Ding Xiaoqiang
- Distiller Larry
- Dixon Brad
- Doo-Man Kim
- Doshi Ankur
- Draibe Sergio
- Dudar Iryna
- Dulude Emily
- Duma Livia
- Dussol Bertrand
- Egido Jesus
- Egstrup Kenneth
- El-Shahawy Mohamed
- Elbert Alicia
- Elder John
- Eliaschewitz Freddy
- Ellis Graham
- Endre Zoltan
- Esnault Vincent
- Esposito Ciro
- Essaian Ashot
- Eustace Joseph
- Fang Michael
- Farfan-Aspilcueta Julio
- Farias Eduardo
- Fekete Jozef
- Felicio Joao
- Fellstrom Bengt
- Fernandez Fresnedo Gema
- Fernandez Giraldez Elvira
- Fernando Ronald
- Fitz-Patrick David
- Flores Jose
- Foo Marjorie Wai Yin
- Fraenkel Margaret
- Fraige Filho Fadlo
- Frajewicki Victor
- Frias Juan
- Fried Linda
- Fu Ping
- Fu Shuxia
- Fujii Shinya
- Fujita Akira
- Fulopova Alla
- Fung Samuel
- Fung Yin Khet
- Furuya Ryuichi
- Fushtey Ivan
- Galan Antonio
- Galfre Andrea
- Galindo Ramos Eugenia
- Gallagher Martin
- Galphin Claude
- Galushchak Olga
- Gansevoort Ronald
- Gaona Raul
- Garcia Mendez Isabel
- Gesualdo Loreto
- Gilbert John
- Gillard Pieter
- Gnudi Luigi
- Godoy Gonzalo
- Goh Bak Leong
- Goldfarb David
- Golestaneh Laden
- Goluch Richard
- Gonzalez Gonzalez Jose
- Gonzalez Fernando
- Gonzalez-Galvez Guillermo
- Goto Daisuke
- Gouge Steven
- Goumenos Dimitrios
- Graf Ronald
- Greenwood Gregory
- Greloni Gustavo
- Guadiz Ramon
- Guasch Antonio
- Gundroo Aijaz
- Guo Xiaohui
- Gutierrez Vicente
- Halimi Jean-Michel
- Hall Karen
- Hames Melanie
- Hancu Nicolae
- Hanson Lenita
- Hao Chuanming
- Harada Hiroyuki
- Hashiguchi Yasuhiro
- Hassan Wan Hasnul Halimi Wan
- Hasslacher Christoph
- Heerspink Hiddo J L
- Hellberg Olof
- Herman Lee
- Hernandez-Jaras Julio
- Herrada Orue Benjamin
- Herrero Calvo Jose
- Hershon Kenneth
- Hirano Fuminori
- Honova Vaclava
- Horwitz Edward
- Hou Fan-Fan
- Hou Fanfan
- Hougardy Jean
- Huang Chien-Ning
- Hugo Christian
- Hussein Zanariah
- Iehara Noriyuki
- Iitsuka Tadashi
- Ijaz Adeel
- Ikeda Naoko
- Imura Mitsuo
- Inoue Toshihiko
- Ionutiu Lavinia
- Ishikawa Kazuo
- Ishiko Tamayo
- Israel Ezra
- Itabashi Naoki
- Ivanova Svetlana
- Iwaoka Hideaki
- Jabbour Serge
- Jadoul Michel
- Jamal Aamir
- James Sam
- Jang Hak Chul
- Jardula Michael
- Jere Charles
- Ji Linong
- Jia Weiping
- Jiang Ju-Ying
- John Rekha
- Jolly Shivinder
- Jones Audrey
- Joshi Sucharit
- Joshi Sudhir
- Juncos Luis
- Kalender Betul
- Kalirao Paramjit
- Kalra Phillip
- Kanai Hidetoshi
- Kaneko Shizuka
- Kantola Ilkka
- Kantor Samuel
- Karim Shahana
- Karonova Tatiana
- Karpova Irina
- Kashihara Naoki
- Kashine Susumu
- Kayali Zeid
- Keitel Elizete
- Kenis Irina
- Khandwala Hasnain
- Kim Beom Seok
- Kim Byung-Joon
- Kim In-Joo
- Kim Min Seon
- Kim Sang Yong
- Kim Sin-Gon
- Kishimoto Rui
- Kitzman Dalane W
- Kiyosue Arihiro
- Klimontov Vadim
- Klodawska Katarzyna
- Knobler Hilla
- Kobayashi Kunihisa
- Kohan Donald
- Kolenyk Mykola
- Kolesarova Eva
- Kolmakova Elena
- Kon Sui Phin
- Kopyt Nelson
- Korpachev Vadym
- Kosch Christine
- Kostynenko Tetyana
- Kosuge Keiichiro
- Kovesdy Csaba
- Koziolova Natalya
- Kronfli Saeed
- Kumar Jayant
- Kuskalo Petro
- Kuzin Anatoly
- Lahtela Jorma
- Lalwani Tarik
- Lantseva Olga
- Lauro Davide
- Laverman Gozewijn
- Lavin Peter
- Lawrence Mary
- Lee Hyoung Woo
- Lee Jae Hyuk
- Lee Joseph
- Lee Kang-Wook
- Lee Kwan Woo
- Lee Moon-Kyu
- Lee Sang Ah
- Leguizamo-Dimas Aniceto
- Legun Oleg
- Leite Silmara
- Leon-Forero Carlos
- Levin Ellis
- Levine Andrew
- Li Yuxiu
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- Xu Gang
- Xu Yan
- Yagil Yoram
- Yalcin Murat
- Yamada Daishiro
- Yamaguchi Yukinari
- Yamamoto Masahiro
- Yamauchi Akira
- Yambe Yuko
- Yang Jinkui
- Yavdosyuk Andrey
- Yeoh Lee Ying
- Yeung Vincent
- Yi Joo Hark
- Yi Tingting
- Yildiz Alaattin
- Yoo Soon-Jib
- Yoon Kun Ho
- Yoon Sun Ae
- Youmbissi Joseph
- Yu Shengqiang
- Yu Tae Yang
- Zahumensky Emil
- Zanella Maria
- Zaoui Philippe
- Zapata-Rincon Luis
- Zea-Nunez Carlos Antonio
- Zeig Steven
- Zhao Hongwen
- Zhao Jiajun
- Zhao Minghui
- Zieve Franklin
- Zolotaikina Viktoriia
- Zrazhevskiy Konstantin
- Zucchini Alfredo
- Zuo Li
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3–7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the 2011–2012 Season: Protection Against Each Circulating Virus and the Effect of Prior Vaccination on Estimates
- Author
- Arnold S. Monto
- Belshe
- Beyer
- Beyer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Charles R. Rinaldo
- David K. Shay
- Edward A. Belongia
- Ferdinands
- Fielding
- Food and Drug Administration
- Griffin
- Huijskens
- Jackson
- Jennifer K. Meece
- Joshua G. Petrie
- Juhee Song
- Keitel
- Kissling
- Lisa Jackson
- Lois Lamerato
- Lydia Clipper
- Manjusha Gaglani
- Marcus Zervos
- Mark G. Thompson
- Mary Patricia Nowalk
- McCullers
- Michael L. Jackson
- Ohmit
- Ohmit
- Orenstein
- Osterholm
- Pedro Piedra
- Po-Yung Cheng
- Richard K. Zimmerman
- Russell
- Sarah M. Spencer
- Sasaki
- Singh-Manoux
- Skowronski
- Smith
- Suzanne E. Ohmit
- Swathi N. Thaker
- Treanor
- Van Hoek
- Walter
- World Health Organization
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Climate and forest management influence nitrogen balance of European beech forests: microbial N transformations and inorganic N net uptake capacity of mycorrhizal roots
- Author
- A Geßler
- A Geßler
- A Geßler
- A Geßler
- A Gobert
- A Rothe
- A Tietema
- AD Peuke
- Anita Heidenfelder
- Arthur Geßler
- B Manderscheid
- B Mary
- Berthold Metzler
- C Kamminga-Van Wijk
- C Keitel
- C Plassard
- CF Eno
- CH Jaeger III
- D Barraclough
- D Kirkham
- DJ Barrett
- DR Smart
- E-D Schulze
- EA Davidson
- Eric Börner
- Ernst Hildebrand
- F Silla
- FS Chapin III
- H BassiriRad
- H BassiriRad
- H BassiriRad
- H BassiriRad
- H Ellenberg
- H Marschner
- H Marschner
- H Papen
- H Pedersen
- H Rennenberg
- H Rennenberg
- Hans Papen
- Heinz Rennenberg
- HJ Kronzucker
- HJ Kronzucker
- HO Nohrstedt
- IH Segel
- J Ingwersen
- J Kreuzwieser
- J Kreuzwieser
- JH Macduff
- JL Harley
- JR Etherington
- K Butterbach-Bahl
- Klaus Jung
- L Breuer
- L Misson
- L Thibodeau
- L-O Nilsson
- LB Shi
- LJ Hutchison
- LV Verchot
- M Cerezo
- ML Adam
- MN Fotelli
- MS Blattner
- N Breda
- NC Price
- NM Fotelli
- NM Fotelli
- NM Fotelli
- P Lainé
- P Tarp
- PD Brooks
- PH Nye
- PM Drennan
- PV Woods
- R Baeumler
- R Gasche
- R Gasche
- R Kiese
- Rainer Gasche
- RD Finlay
- Sabine Augustin
- SC Hart
- T Persson
- TP Garnett
- X Min
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
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- Timothy Wilkin
- Tina Tong
- Tina Wang
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- Todd Simmons
- Tom Fiel
- Toni Robinson
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- Tracy R. Klein
- Trina L. Reynolds
- Troy Holdeman
- Tyler D. Bold
- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Valeria D. Cantos
- Valerie K. Arnold
- Vanessa Abad
- Vanessa Raabe
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Veronica Procasky
- Veronica Viar
- Vicki E. Miller
- Vickie Leathers
- Victoria Andriulis
- Victoria Engler
- Victoria Mosteller
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Vincent Huynh
- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Recommended from our members
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
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- Werne Melody
- West Whitney
- Whatley Jordan L.
- Whitaker Jennifer A.
- White Jewel J.
- White Julie
- White Toni
- Wijewardane Priyantha N.
- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
- William S. Davis Jr
- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
- Author
- Abdelrazik M
- Abdullah T
- Abe R
- Abe S
- Abecasis GR
- Abel L
- Abernathy C
- Abraheem A
- Abul-Husn NS
- Acosta-Herrera M
- Acquilini D
- Acquilini D
- Adachi T
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- Afifi N
- Afilalo J
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- Afrasiabi Z
- Afset JE
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- Agranoff D
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- Aguirre LA
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- Aksentijevich A
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- Alarcon-Riquelme ME
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- Yagi K
- Yamada M
- Yamada Y
- Yamagata K
- Yamasaki M
- Yang G
- Yang J
- Yang Z
- Yaspan B
- Yasui Y
- Yates B
- Yates B
- Yatomi M
- Ye C
- Yengo L
- Yermakovich D
- Yi X
- Yonekawa A
- Yoon H
- Yoon KJ
- Yoshida K
- Yoshida S
- Yoshida S
- Yoshida T
- Yoshihara T
- Yoshiya K
- Yoshiyama T
- Youlton N
- Younes SE
- Young P
- Yun N
- Zak A
- Zaki A
- Zambon M
- Zamikula J
- Zanella A
- Zanella I
- Zanelli G
- Zara F
- Zara F
- Zarate R
- Zarate R
- Zborowski AC
- Zeberg H
- Zechner M
- Zechner M
- Zguro K
- Zhai R
- Zhang JE
- Zhang M
- Zhao JH
- Zhen J
- Zheng C
- Zheng T
- Zhou W
- Zhou W
- Zhu W
- Zitter L
- Zlatopolsky M
- Zoller H
- Zollner S
- Zongo O
- zu Bentrup FM
- Zucchi P
- Zwinderman AHK
- Zyndorf M
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease