487 research outputs found

    Rebuilding CHO again and again: Development of a species agnostic modular cell line development platform for cultivated meat

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    Energy balance at high altitude of 6,542 m.

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    Drinking water and the implications for gender equity and empowerment: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence

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    Background: Safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, yet more than 785 million people do not have access to it. The burden of water management disproportionately falls on women and young girls, and they suffer the health, psychosocial, political, educational, and economic effects. While water conditions and disease outcomes have been widely studied, few studies have summarized the research on drinking water and implications for gender equity and empowerment (GEE). Methods: A systematic review of primary literature published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted on drinking water exposures and management and the implications for GEE. Ten databases were utilized (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Campbell, the British Library for Development Studies, SSRN, 3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, and clinicaltrials.gov). Drinking water studies with an all-female cohort or disaggregated findings according to gender were included. Results: A total of 1280 studies were included. GEE outcomes were summarized in five areas: health, psychosocial stress, political power and decision-making, social-educational conditions, and economic and time-use conditions. Water quality exposures and implications for women's health dominated the literature reviewed. Women experienced higher rates of bladder cancer when exposed to arsenic, trihalomethanes, and chlorine in drinking water and higher rates of breast cancer due to arsenic, trichloroethylene, and disinfection byproducts in drinking water, compared to men. Women that were exposed to arsenic experienced higher incidence rates of anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those that were not exposed. Water-related skin diseases were associated with increased levels of psychosocial stress and social ostracization among women. Women had fewer decision-making responsibilities, economic independence, and employment opportunities around water compared to men. Conclusion: This systematic review confirms the interconnected nature of gender and WaSH outcomes. With growing attention directed towards gender equity and empowerment within WaSH, this analysis provides key insights to inform future research and policy

    Gravitational Lensing with Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing

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    High redshift sources suffer from magnification or demagnification due to weak gravitational lensing by large scale structure. One consequence of this is that the distance-redshift relation, in wide use for cosmological tests, suffers lensing-induced scatter which can be quantified by the magnification probability distribution. Predicting this distribution generally requires a method for ray-tracing through cosmological N-body simulations. However, standard methods tend to apply the multiple thin-lens approximation. In an effort to quantify the accuracy of these methods, we develop an innovative code that performs ray-tracing without the use of this approximation. The efficiency and accuracy of this computationally challenging approach can be improved by careful choices of numerical parameters; therefore, the results are analysed for the behaviour of the ray-tracing code in the vicinity of Schwarzschild and Navarro-Frenk-White lenses. Preliminary comparisons are drawn with the multiple lens-plane ray-bundle method in the context of cosmological mass distributions for a source redshift of zs=0.5z_{s}=0.5.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 0 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRA

    New CP observables in B0(t) -> hyperon + antihyperon from parity violation in the sequential decay

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    We consider the decay B0(t) -> hyperon + antihyperon, followed by hyperon weak decay. We show that parity violation in the latter allows to reach new CP observables: not only Im(lambda_f) but also Re(lambda_f) can be measured. In the decay B0_d(t) -> Lambda LambdaBar (BR ~ 10-6), Lambda -> p pi- these observables reduce to sin(2alpha) and cos(2alpha) in the small Penguin limit, the latter solving the discrete ambiguity alpha -> pi/2 -alpha. For beta one could consider the Cabibbo suppressed mode B0_d(t) -> Lambda_c Lambda_cBar (BR \~ 10-4), Lambda_c -> Lambda pi+, p K0bar, ... (with BR ~ 10-2). The pure Penguin modes B0_s(t)->Sigma-Sigma-Bar, Xi-Xi-Bar, Omega-Omega-Bar (BR ~ 10-7) can be useful in the search of CP violation beyond the Standard Model. Because of the small total rates, the study of these modes could only be done in future high statistics experiments. Also, in the most interesting case Lambda LambdaBar the time dependence of the asymmetry can be difficult to reconstruct. On the other hand, we show that B_d mesons, being a coherent source of Lambda LambdaBar, is useful to look for CP violation in Lambda decay. We also discuss B0_d(t) -> J/Psi K*0 -> l+ l- K_S pi0 where the secondary decays conserve parity, and angular correlations allow to determine terms of the form cos(delta)cos(2beta), delta being a strong phase. This phase has been measured by CLEO, but we point out that a discrete ambiguity prevents to determine sign(cos(2beta)). However, if one assumes small strong phases, like in factorization and as supported by CLEO data, one could have information on sign(cos(2beta)). Similar remarks can be done for cos(2alpha) in the decay B_d0(t) -> rho rho -> 4pi.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, 4 figures in a separate postscript fil

    Syndrome dépressif et encéphalite limbique : à propos d’un cas

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    International audienceLimbic encephalitis is frequently a paraneoplasic disorder. The symptoms are both neurologic and psychiatric such as loss of memory, seizure and depression. We present the case of a sixty years old man in which severe depression, personal and familial history of mood disorders coexists with limbic encephalitis without any neoplasic disorder. In this case, we discuss hypothesis of links between his depression and his limbic encephaliti

    Neural representation of spectral and temporal features of song in the auditory forebrain of zebra finches as revealed by functional MRI

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    Song perception in songbirds, just as music and speech perception in humans, requires processing the spectral and temporal structure found in the succession of song-syllables. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and synthetic songs that preserved exclusively either the temporal or the spectral structure of natural song, we investigated how vocalizations are processed in the avian forebrain. We found bilateral and equal activation of the primary auditory region, field L. The more ventral regions of field L showed depressed responses to the synthetic songs that lacked spectral structure. These ventral regions included subarea L3, medial-ventral subarea L and potentially the secondary auditory region caudal medial nidopallium. In addition, field L as a whole showed unexpected increased responses to the temporally filtered songs and this increase was the largest in the dorsal regions. These dorsal regions included L1 and the dorsal subareas L and L2b. Therefore, the ventral region of field L appears to be more sensitive to the preservation of both spectral and temporal information in the context of song processing. We did not find any differences in responses to playback of the bird's own song vs other familiar conspecific songs. We also investigated the effect of three commonly used anaesthetics on the blood oxygen level-dependent response: medetomidine, urethane and isoflurane. The extent of the area activated and the stimulus selectivity depended on the type of anaesthetic. We discuss these results in the context of what is known about the locus of action of the anaesthetics, and reports of neural activity measured in electrophysiological experiments
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