487 research outputs found
Rebuilding CHO again and again: Development of a species agnostic modular cell line development platform for cultivated meat
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Drinking water and the implications for gender equity and empowerment: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Background: Safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, yet more than 785 million people do not have access to it. The burden of water management disproportionately falls on women and young girls, and they suffer the health, psychosocial, political, educational, and economic effects. While water conditions and disease outcomes have been widely studied, few studies have summarized the research on drinking water and implications for gender equity and empowerment (GEE). Methods: A systematic review of primary literature published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted on drinking water exposures and management and the implications for GEE. Ten databases were utilized (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Campbell, the British Library for Development Studies, SSRN, 3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, and clinicaltrials.gov). Drinking water studies with an all-female cohort or disaggregated findings according to gender were included. Results: A total of 1280 studies were included. GEE outcomes were summarized in five areas: health, psychosocial stress, political power and decision-making, social-educational conditions, and economic and time-use conditions. Water quality exposures and implications for women's health dominated the literature reviewed. Women experienced higher rates of bladder cancer when exposed to arsenic, trihalomethanes, and chlorine in drinking water and higher rates of breast cancer due to arsenic, trichloroethylene, and disinfection byproducts in drinking water, compared to men. Women that were exposed to arsenic experienced higher incidence rates of anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those that were not exposed. Water-related skin diseases were associated with increased levels of psychosocial stress and social ostracization among women. Women had fewer decision-making responsibilities, economic independence, and employment opportunities around water compared to men. Conclusion: This systematic review confirms the interconnected nature of gender and WaSH outcomes. With growing attention directed towards gender equity and empowerment within WaSH, this analysis provides key insights to inform future research and policy
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A phase 1/2 study of the oral FLT3 inhibitor pexidartinib in relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD-mutant acute myeloid leukemia.
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations, but efficacy is limited by resistance-conferring kinase domain mutations. This phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the oral FLT3 inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib), which has activity against the FLT3 TKI-resistant F691L gatekeeper mutation in relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD-mutant AML. Ninety patients were treated: 34 in dose escalation (part 1) and 56 in dose expansion (part 2). Doses of 800 to 5000 mg per day in divided doses were tested. No maximally tolerated dose was reached. Plasma inhibitory assay demonstrated that patients dosed with ≥3000 mg had sufficient levels of active drug in their trough plasma samples to achieve 95% inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation in an FLT3-ITD AML cell line. Based on a plateau in drug exposure, the 3000-mg dose was chosen as the recommended phase 2 dose. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events were diarrhea (50%), fatigue (47%), and nausea (46%). Based on modified response criteria, the overall response rate to pexidartinib among all patients was 21%. Twenty-three percent of patients treated at ≥2000 mg responded. The overall composite complete response rate for the study was 11%. Six patients were successfully bridged to transplantation. Median overall survival (OS) of patients treated in dose expansion was 112 days (90% confidence interval [CI], 77-150 days), and median OS of responders with complete remission with or without recovery of blood counts was 265 days (90% CI, 170-422 days). This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01349049
Gravitational Lensing with Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing
High redshift sources suffer from magnification or demagnification due to
weak gravitational lensing by large scale structure. One consequence of this is
that the distance-redshift relation, in wide use for cosmological tests,
suffers lensing-induced scatter which can be quantified by the magnification
probability distribution. Predicting this distribution generally requires a
method for ray-tracing through cosmological N-body simulations. However,
standard methods tend to apply the multiple thin-lens approximation. In an
effort to quantify the accuracy of these methods, we develop an innovative code
that performs ray-tracing without the use of this approximation. The efficiency
and accuracy of this computationally challenging approach can be improved by
careful choices of numerical parameters; therefore, the results are analysed
for the behaviour of the ray-tracing code in the vicinity of Schwarzschild and
Navarro-Frenk-White lenses. Preliminary comparisons are drawn with the multiple
lens-plane ray-bundle method in the context of cosmological mass distributions
for a source redshift of .Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 0 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRA
New CP observables in B0(t) -> hyperon + antihyperon from parity violation in the sequential decay
We consider the decay B0(t) -> hyperon + antihyperon, followed by hyperon
weak decay. We show that parity violation in the latter allows to reach new CP
observables: not only Im(lambda_f) but also Re(lambda_f) can be measured. In
the decay B0_d(t) -> Lambda LambdaBar (BR ~ 10-6), Lambda -> p pi- these
observables reduce to sin(2alpha) and cos(2alpha) in the small Penguin limit,
the latter solving the discrete ambiguity alpha -> pi/2 -alpha. For beta one
could consider the Cabibbo suppressed mode B0_d(t) -> Lambda_c Lambda_cBar (BR
\~ 10-4), Lambda_c -> Lambda pi+, p K0bar, ... (with BR ~ 10-2). The pure
Penguin modes B0_s(t)->Sigma-Sigma-Bar, Xi-Xi-Bar, Omega-Omega-Bar (BR ~ 10-7)
can be useful in the search of CP violation beyond the Standard Model. Because
of the small total rates, the study of these modes could only be done in future
high statistics experiments. Also, in the most interesting case Lambda
LambdaBar the time dependence of the asymmetry can be difficult to reconstruct.
On the other hand, we show that B_d mesons, being a coherent source of Lambda
LambdaBar, is useful to look for CP violation in Lambda decay. We also discuss
B0_d(t) -> J/Psi K*0 -> l+ l- K_S pi0 where the secondary decays conserve
parity, and angular correlations allow to determine terms of the form
cos(delta)cos(2beta), delta being a strong phase. This phase has been measured
by CLEO, but we point out that a discrete ambiguity prevents to determine
sign(cos(2beta)). However, if one assumes small strong phases, like in
factorization and as supported by CLEO data, one could have information on
sign(cos(2beta)). Similar remarks can be done for cos(2alpha) in the decay
B_d0(t) -> rho rho -> 4pi.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, 4 figures in a separate postscript fil
Syndrome dépressif et encéphalite limbique : à propos d’un cas
International audienceLimbic encephalitis is frequently a paraneoplasic disorder. The symptoms are both neurologic and psychiatric such as loss of memory, seizure and depression. We present the case of a sixty years old man in which severe depression, personal and familial history of mood disorders coexists with limbic encephalitis without any neoplasic disorder. In this case, we discuss hypothesis of links between his depression and his limbic encephaliti
Neural representation of spectral and temporal features of song in the auditory forebrain of zebra finches as revealed by functional MRI
Song perception in songbirds, just as music and speech perception in humans, requires processing the spectral and temporal structure found in the succession of song-syllables. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and synthetic songs that preserved exclusively either the temporal or the spectral structure of natural song, we investigated how vocalizations are processed in the avian forebrain. We found bilateral and equal activation of the primary auditory region, field L. The more ventral regions of field L showed depressed responses to the synthetic songs that lacked spectral structure. These ventral regions included subarea L3, medial-ventral subarea L and potentially the secondary auditory region caudal medial nidopallium. In addition, field L as a whole showed unexpected increased responses to the temporally filtered songs and this increase was the largest in the dorsal regions. These dorsal regions included L1 and the dorsal subareas L and L2b. Therefore, the ventral region of field L appears to be more sensitive to the preservation of both spectral and temporal information in the context of song processing. We did not find any differences in responses to playback of the bird's own song vs other familiar conspecific songs. We also investigated the effect of three commonly used anaesthetics on the blood oxygen level-dependent response: medetomidine, urethane and isoflurane. The extent of the area activated and the stimulus selectivity depended on the type of anaesthetic. We discuss these results in the context of what is known about the locus of action of the anaesthetics, and reports of neural activity measured in electrophysiological experiments
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