Jeanette Winterson’s Encounter with History: The Daylight Gate as an Example of Historiographic Metafiction

Postmodern rejection of objective knowledge and of the belief in language to provide a faithful representation of reality lead to the reappraisal of various notions including history and bring a different approach to its relation to literature. Coined by Linda Hutcheon, the term historiographic metafiction defines an experimental form of historical novel which problematizes the conventional notions of historiography. Jeanette Winterson’s The Daylight Gate focuses on the famous Pendle Witch Trial and develops a counter-history by employing the perspectives of those whose stories are excluded for ideological reasons. This paper aims to analyse The Daylight Gate as an example of historiographic metafiction in terms of its blurring the boundaries between fact and fiction and its deconstruction of the monolithic nature of history through alternative voices. This study also explores the ways in which Winterson demonstrates the subjectivity of historical discourse as well as its textual and constructed nature

The value of preoperative diagnostic tests in acute appendicitis, retrospective analysis of 196 patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this study our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative laboratory and radiological studies for appendicitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The clinical data of 196 patients who have undergone conventional appendectomy between March 2007 and April 2008 were collected retrospectively. Patients were examined for age, sex, white blood cell count, ultrasonography results, histopathological diagnosis and hospital stay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Negative appendectomy rate was 17.3% (27% for female, 11.5% for male). White blood cell counts were found to be high in 83% for acute appendicitis group and %61 for negative appendectomy group. There were 66 (34%) patients who had negative USG findings for acute appendicitis. Of these patients, histopathological examination revealed acute appendicitis in 46 patients whereas 20 patients had normal appendix. Hospital stays were 2.79 +/- 1.9 and 2.66 +/- 1.7 days for negative and positive appendicectomies respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Besides the improvement of diagnostic tests for acute appendicitis, we could not sufficiently reduce the negative appendectomy rate.</p

Presence of Accessory Soleus Muscle in Cadaver: Case Report

Human anatomy is a variable structure. There are various rare muscle-specific accessory structures. The accessory soleus muscle (ASM) is one of them and was studied in this case report. ASM was seen during routine learning and teaching dissection lessons while dissecting the right leg of a male body. When this muscle was examined, a thick beginning with fascial connections from the soleus muscle, medially in the lower 1/3 of the leg was seen. This unipennate-shaped super numeric muscle had a 3.95 cm width, 25.82 cm length, and 0.82 cm thickness. This muscle, which is seen on radiological images, may often be confused with soft tissue tumors such as ganglion, lipoma, hemangioma, synovioma, and sarcoma, and on the pathology of the muscle may cause pain and tarsal tunnel syndrome-like effects

Angiotensin type 1A receptor regulates β-arrestin binding of the β2-adrenergic receptor via heterodimerization

Heterodimerization between angiotensin type 1A receptor (AT1R) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) has been shown to modulate G protein-mediated effects of these receptors. Activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leads to β-arrestin binding, desensitization, internalization and G protein-independent signaling of GPCRs. Our aim was to study the effect of heterodimerization on β-arrestin coupling. We found that β-arrestin binding of β2AR is affected by activation of AT1Rs. Costimulation with angiotensin II and isoproterenol markedly enhanced the interaction between β2AR and β-arrestins, by prolonging the lifespan of β2AR-induced β-arrestin2 clusters at the plasma membrane. While candesartan, a conventional AT1R antagonist, had no effect on the β-arrestin2 binding to β2AR, TRV120023, a β-arrestin biased agonist, enhanced the interaction. These findings reveal a new crosstalk mechanism between AT1R and β2AR, and suggest that enhanced β-arrestin2 binding to β2AR can contribute to the pharmacological effects of biased AT1R agonists. © 201

The Role of β-Arrestin Proteins in Organization of Signaling and Regulation of the AT1 Angiotensin Receptor

AT1 angiotensin receptor plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Renin-angiotensin system represents a target system for drugs acting at different levels. The main effects of ATR1 stimulation involve activation of Gq proteins and subsequent IP3, DAG, and calcium signaling. It has become evident in recent years that besides the well-known G protein pathways, AT1R also activates a parallel signaling pathway through β-arrestins. β-arrestins were originally described as proteins that desensitize G protein-coupled receptors, but they can also mediate receptor internalization and G protein-independent signaling. AT1R is one of the most studied receptors, which was used to unravel the newly recognized β-arrestin-mediated pathways. β-arrestin-mediated signaling has become one of the most studied topics in recent years in molecular pharmacology and the modulation of these pathways of the AT1R might offer new therapeutic opportunities in the near future. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the field of β-arrestin signaling of the AT1R, emphasizing its role in cardiovascular regulation and heart failure

The Effects of Dıfferentiated Art Instractional Design on Sutudents' Attitude, Skills and Academic Achievement

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklılaştırılmış görsel sanatlar öğretiminin öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, derse karşı tutumları ve çalışmalarına olan etkisini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda 7. Sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Görsel Sanatlar Dersi, görsel sanatlarda biçimlendirme öğrenme alanı görsel sanat çalışmalarını oluştururken sanat elemanlarını ve tasarım ilkelerini kullanır kazanımına yönelik farklılaştırılmış özgün bir program oluşturulmuştur. Bu şekilde farklılaştırılan programın etkililiği kontrol guruplu ön test-son test yarı deneysel deseni kullanılarak sınanmıştır. Araştırma Ağrı İli Alparslan Ortaokulu 7. Sınıf öğrencileri ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada araştırmacı ve alan uzmanları tarafından geliştirilen geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmış akademik başarı testi, Demirel (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Görsel Sanatlar Dersi Tutum Ölçeği ve öğrencilerin yapmış oldukları çalışmaları değerlendirmek için kullanılacak dereceli puanlama anahtarı uygulamadan önce ve uygulamadan sonra kullanılmıştır. Ölçme araçlarından elde edilen veriler, Mann Whitny-U testleri ile istatistiksel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda akademik başarı, tutum ölçeği ve dereceli puanlama anahtarından elde edilen puanlar kontrol edildiğinde farklılaştırılmış görsel sanatlar öğretiminin uygulandığı öğrencilerin aldığı puanlar, öğretim programına müdahale edilmeyen kontrol gurubu öğrencilerinin puanlarından anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur.The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of differentiated visual art instruction on the students' academic success, attitudes towards the course and studying. In this direction, an authentic and differentiated instruction was designed for the 7th grade students concerning the acquisition of using art equipment and design principles while creating visual art works in the Designing in Visual Arts learning domain of Visual Art Class. In this manner, the effectiveness of the design was tested by using semi-experimental design including control group with pretest-posttest. The study was conducted with 7th grade students in Alparslan Elementary School in Ağrı. In the study, achievement test which was developed by the researcher and field experts and whose reliability and validity studies had been done, Visual Arts Course Attitude Scale developed by Demirel (2011) were used and a grading key was used before and after the study to evaluate the works of the students. The data obtained from the evaluating instruments was analyzed with Mann Whitny-U tests. As a result of the study, when the scores obtained from academic success, attitude scale and grading key were controlled, it was found that the scores of the students who got the differentiated visual art instruction were significantly higher than the scores of the students in control group whose curriculum stayed the sam

Fay Weldon'ın Bir Dişi Şeytanın Hayatı ve Aşkları adlı eserinde masal öğelerinin altüst edilmesi

Since primordial times, fairy tales have had a pervasive effect on culture and literature. These eternal products, which were transcribed under the influence of patriarchal ideology, have not been used only as a vehicle to construct gender roles but also to shape and reflect the traditional values and norms of societies. Since the second half of the twentieth century, fairy tales have attracted the attention of postmodern writers. Along with the influence of postmodernism, these novelists subvert, reverse and deconstruct the themes, patterns and characters of these traditional tales. The aim of this thesis is to present fairy tale motifs and to enucleate the ways these motifs are subverted and reconstructed by Fay Weldon in her most known novel, The Life and Loves of a She-Devil. In the novel, Weldon demonstrates the problems of the contemporary world as male – female relations, marriage, gender roles, constructed norms imposed upon women, while also dealing with some fairy tale motifs such as beauty, mother - daughter dyad, transformation and happily ever after scenario. When challenging the conventional fairy tale motifs and succeeding to subvert these patterns in an ironic way, Weldon also ridicules women’s internalization of certain values and their obsession with the norms constructed and imposed by male centred societies.Zamanın başından beri peri masallarının kültür ve edebiyat üzerinde her zaman hissedilen bir etkisi vardır. Ataerkil ideolojinin etkisi altında kayda geçirilen bu sonsuz yapıtlar, sadece cinsiyet rollerini oluşturmakta değil aynı zamanda toplumların geleneksel değerlerini ve normlarını şekillendirmek ve yansıtmakta da bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren peri masalları, postmodern yazarların dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu yazarlar, postmodernizmin de etkisiyle, masalların alışılagelmiş konularını, kalıplarını ve karakterlerini ters yüz etmişler ve bozmuşlardır. Bu tezin amacı peri masallarının geleneksel motiflerini sunmak ve bu motiflerin Fay Weldon’ın Bir Dişi Şeytan’ın Hayatı ve Aşkları isimli eserinde hangi yollarla alt üst edilip yeniden düzenlendiğini göstermektir. Weldon, bu popüler romanında kadın erkek ilişkileri, evlilik, cinsiyet rolleri, toplum tarafından inşa edilmiş kadınlara dayatılan normlar gibi günümüz dünyasının sorunlarından bahsederken, güzellik, anne – kız ilişkisi, dönüşüm ve mutlu son gibi masal öğelerine de değinmiştir. Gelenekselleşmiş peri masalları ve motiflerine meydan okuyan Weldon, bu kalıpları ironik bir yolla alt üst etmeyi başarırken, diğer yandan da kadınların erkek egemen toplumlar tarafından oluşturulmuş kuralları içselleştirmelerini ve bu normlara karşı duydukları obsesyonu karikatürize eder

Merkez yerel ikileminde sosyal politika, sosyal hizmet ve sosyal yardım tasnifinde bir alan araştırması : İstanbul örneği

Merkezi yönetim ve yerel yönetim kavramları incelendiğinde, çok boyutlu ve birbiriyle ilişkili iki farklı yönetim mekanizması ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Merkezi yönetim kavramı, kamu politikalarının üretilmesi ile kamusal hizmetlerin planlanması, teşkilatlanması, sunulması veya sunulmasının ardından; ilgili hizmetlerin takibinin ve kontrolünün yapılması gibi argümanları içerir. Öte yandan yerel yönetim kavramı ise, hizmetlerin halka ulaştırılması noktasında yerinden sunulması ilkesine bağlı olarak faaliyet gösteren bir birim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kamusal hizmetlerin bireylere sağladığı faydalar ve yerel/kamusal politikalar irdelendiğinde özellikle sosyal politika kavramıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Yerel yönetimlerin sosyal fayda içeren hizmetleri sunarken daha çok sosyal yardım veya sosyal hizmet tabirleri bağlamından faydalandığı görülmektedir. Hazırlanan bu tez çalışmasının ana hedefi; sosyal politika, sosyal hizmet ve sosyal yardım temalarını ayrı ayrı ele alıp detaylandırarak değerlendirmektir. Bu değerlendirme sayesinde, sosyal fayda içeren kamusal hizmetlerin sunumu noktasında yerel yönetimlerin ve merkezi yönetimin ne gibi rollere sahip olduğu konusu ise İstanbul örneği verilerek ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilgili çalışma özelinde, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin sınırları içerisinde 2015-2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen sosyal politika, sosyal hizmet ve sosyal yardım çalışmaları; kurumun yayımladığı faaliyet raporları ve stratejik planlar incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda ise merkezi yönetimin yaptığı çalışmalara kıyasla yerel yönetimlerin daha geniş yelpazede faaliyetler yürüttüğü ve bu bağlamda daha fazla kişiye ulaşıldığı anlaşılmıştır.Central government and local government terms are multidimensional and two different management mechanisms related with each other. First one is about to produce public policies, along with their programming, structure and execution; latter one contains subsidiarity character to access citizen on closest way to serve to them. In this drection, benefits of public sevices for individuals occur through social policies. In particular, local governments imply their social policies as social aid and socila services programmes. In this study, social policy, social aid and social service notions evaluated in detail. Moreover, roles of central and local governments about public policies scrutinized via Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality practices between the years of 2015 and 2019. This study consist of five main topics. First chapter includes explanation of central government and local government concepts and related terms “New Public Management Understanding” and “Localization”. On second part, conceptual framework and historical evolution of social policy analyzed along with its general assesment on perspectives from international politics and Turkey. Following chapter included subject on social service and its historical process, theories on literature and various scope of application. The fourth part of this study focused on social aid and its notional identification and historical context. While these four chapters related with literature, last part is about practices of those understandings on Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. By doing this, theme of social municipality scrutinized and scope of application in these areas revealed through obtained datas