Activities and Financial Management of Football Club

Import 05/08/2014Cílem bakalářské práce je zhodnocení činnosti a hospodaření fotbalového klubu SK Sigma Olomouc, a dále zjistit výnosy a náklady, a zda byl výsledek hospodaření (kladný či záporný). SK Sigma Olomouc je profesionální fotbalový klub působící v české nejvyšší fotbalové lize. První kapitola je úvod a pátá závěr. Druhá kapitola je věnována popisu sportu, fotbalu, organizačních struktur, organizací působících ve fotbale, modelů financování ve fotbale, sponzoringu a reklamy. Třetí kapitole je věnována představení klubu, obecné charakteristice klubu, předmětu podnikání, organizační struktuře a managementu klubu. Dále je zde provedena analýza hospodaření klubu za období 5 sezon, počínaje sezonou 2008/09. Jsou zjištěny výnosy, náklady a výsledek hospodaření v jednotlivých sezonách. Následuje doporučení, jak by bylo možné zvýšit výnosy nebo naopak snížit náklady. Použitými metodami v celé bakalářské práci jsou popis, komparace a analýza.The aim of the bachelor work is to evaluate activities and management of the football club SK Sigma Olomouc, in addition, to find revenues and costs, and the result of management (positive or negative). SK Sigma Olomouc is a proffesional football club that play the highest league in the Czech Republic. The first chapter is an introduction and the fifth one is a conclusion. The second charter is concerned with describing of sport, football, organizational structure, organizations being in football, models of financing in football, sponsorship and advertisement. The third chapter introduces the club and gives the general characteristic, object of entrepreneurship, organizational structure and management of the club. There is also made an analysis of management of the club for 5 seasons, concerning the season 2008/09. There can be seen revenues, costs and the result of management for every season. In the end, there are given recomendations how to increase revenues and decrease costs on the contrary. The methods that are used in all bachelor work are: description, comparison and analysis.153 - Katedra veřejné ekonomikyvelmi dobř

Variation in honey bee gut microbial diversity affected by ontogenetic stage, age and geographic location

Social honey bees, Apis mellifera, host a set of distinct microbiota, which is similar across the continents and various honey bee species. Some of these bacteria, such as lactobacilli, have been linked to immunity and defence against pathogens. Pathogen defence is crucial, particularly in larval stages, as many pathogens affect the brood. However, information on larval microbiota is conflicting. Seven developmental stages and drones were sampled from 3 colonies at each of the 4 geographic locations of A. mellifera carnica, and the samples were maintained separately for analysis. We analysed the variation and abundance of important bacterial groups and taxa in the collected bees. Major bacterial groups were evaluated over the entire life of honey bee individuals, where digestive tracts of same aged bees were sampled in the course of time. The results showed that the microbial tract of 6-day-old 5th instar larvae were nearly equally rich in total microbial counts per total digestive tract weight as foraging bees, showing a high percentage of various lactobacilli (Firmicutes) and Gilliamella apicola (Gammaproteobacteria 1). However, during pupation, microbial counts were significantly reduced but recovered quickly by 6 days post-emergence. Between emergence and day 6, imago reached the highest counts of Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria, which then gradually declined with bee age. Redundancy analysis conducted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified bacterial species that were characteristic of each developmental stage. The results suggest that 3-day 4th instar larvae contain low microbial counts that increase 2-fold by day 6 and then decrease during pupation. Microbial succession of the imago begins soon after emergence. We found that bacterial counts do not show only yearly cycles within a colony, but vary on the individual level. Sampling and pooling adult bees or 6th day larvae may lead to high errors and variability, as both of these stages may be undergoing dynamic succession

Reproductive characteristics of wild boar males (Sus scrofa) under different environmental conditions

The wild boar population has been on a permanent increase over the last decades, causing conflicts with the requirements of modern human society. Existing effort to stabilize wild boar numbers generally fails with one of the causes being the high reproductive potential of wild boar. The aim of this study was to assess the onset of sexual maturity in wild boar males with regard to age, physical frame and environmental conditions on the basis of testicle development and sperm production. This study assessed the dimensions of gonads and the occurrence of sperm in boars caught during common hunts. Environmental conditions were found as an important factor for growth and sexual maturity of wild boar males. The body weight was a more important factor for sperm production than the age of young wild boar males. The weight threshold for sperm production in the testes was 29 kg of live weight, which corresponds to 6 months of age on average. This study has proven that environmental conditions are a significant factor affecting the physical development of male wild boars, more specifically the growth rate of their body frames and the onset of sexual maturity. In a better quality environment boars grow faster and enter puberty at an earlier age. Poor food supply and/or high hunting pressure result in slower body and testicular growth, as well as the production of sperm at a later age (approx. 2-3 months later).O

Integrating Multiple Genetic Detection Methods to Estimate Population Density of Social and Territorial Carnivores

Spatial capture–recapture models can produce unbiased estimates of population density, but sparse detection data often plague studies of social and territorial carnivores. Integrating multiple types of detection data can improve estimation of the spatial scale parameter (σ), activity center locations, and density. Noninvasive genetic sampling is effective for detecting carnivores, but social structure and territoriality could cause differential detectability among population cohorts for different detection methods. Using three observation models, we evaluated the integration of genetic detection data from noninvasive hair and scat sampling of the social and territorial coyote (Canis latrans). Although precision of estimated density was improved, particularly if sharing σ between detection methods was appropriate, posterior probabilities of σ and posterior predictive checks supported different σ for hair and scat observation models. The resulting spatial capture–recapture model described a scenario in which scat‐detected individuals lived on and around scat transects, whereas hair‐detected individuals had larger σ and mostly lived off of the detector array, leaving hair but not scat samples. A more supported interpretation is that individual heterogeneity in baseline detection rates (λ0) was inconsistent between detection methods, such that each method disproportionately detected different population cohorts. These findings can be attributed to the sociality and territoriality of canids: Residents may be more likely to strategically mark territories via defecation (scat deposition), and transients may be more likely to exhibit rubbing (hair deposition) to increase mate attraction. Although this suggests that reliance on only one detection method may underestimate population density, integrating multiple sources of genetic detection data may be problematic for social and territorial carnivores. These data are typically sparse, modeling individual heterogeneity in λ0 and/or σ with sparse data is difficult, and positive bias can be introduced in density estimates if individual heterogeneity in detection parameters that is inconsistent between detection methods is not appropriately modeled. Previous suggestions for assessing parameter consistency of σ between detection methods using Bayesian model selection algorithms could be confounded by individual heterogeneity in λ0 in noninvasive detection data. We demonstrate the usefulness of augmenting those approaches with calibrated posterior predictive checks and plots of the posterior density of activity centers for key individuals

Evaluation of Cage Designs and Feeding Regimes for Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Laboratory Experiments

The aim of this study was to improve cage systems for maintaining adult honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) workers under in vitro laboratory conditions. To achieve this goal, we experimentally evaluated the impact of different cages, developed by scientists of the international research network COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes), on the physiology and survival of honey bees. We identified three cages that promoted good survival of honey bees. The bees from cages that exhibited greater survival had relatively lower titers of deformed wing virus, suggesting that deformed wing virus is a significant marker reflecting stress level and health status of the host. We also determined that a leak- and drip-proof feeder was an integral part of a cage system and a feeder modified from a 20-ml plastic syringe displayed the best result in providing steady food supply to bees. Finally, we also demonstrated that the addition of protein to the bees' diet could significantly increase the level of vitellogenin gene expression and improve bees' survival. This international collaborative study represents a critical step toward improvement of cage designs and feeding regimes for honey bee laboratory experiment

Hugs and behaviour points: alternative education and the regulation of 'excluded' youth

In England, alternative education (AE) is offered to young people formally excluded from school, close to formal exclusion or who have been informally pushed to the educational edges of their local school. Their behaviour is seen as needing to change. In this paper, we examine the behavioural regimes at work in 11 AE programmes. Contrary to previous studies and the extensive ‘best practice’ literature, we found a return to highly behaviourist routines, with talking therapeutic approaches largely operating within this Skinnerian frame. We also saw young people offered a curriculum largely devoid of languages, humanities and social sciences. What was crucial to AE providers, we argue, was that they could demonstrate 'progress' in both learning and behaviour to inspectors and systems. Mobilising insights from Foucault, we note the congruence between the external regimes of reward and punishment used in AE and the kinds of insecure work and carceral futures that might be on offer to this group of young people

Avanços recentes em nutrição de larvas de peixes

Os requisitos nutricionais de larvas de peixes são ainda mal compreendidos, o que leva a altas mortalidades e problemas de qualidade no seu cultivo. Este trabalho pretende fazer uma revisão de novas metodologias de investigação, tais como estudos com marcadores, genómica populacional, programação nutricional, génomica e proteómica funcionais, e fornecer ainda alguns exemplos das utilizações presentes e perspectivas futuras em estudos de nutrição de larvas de peixes

Detailed proteome mapping of newly emerged honeybee worker hemolymph and comparison with the red-eye pupal stage

International audienceAbstractThe honeybee, Apis mellifera, undergoes complete metamorphosis before transitioning to the adult stage. The newly emerged individual and the red-eye pupa stage are well defined and easily recognizable in the time life cycle honeybee and, therefore, very useful for studying physiological and developmental factors. We analyzed in detail the hemolymph proteome of newly emerged honeybee worker using 2D-E-MS/MS (pI 3-10 and 4-7). The comparison of identical hemolymph volumes (20 μL per 2D-E) for newly emerged bee and red-eye pupa revealed a dramatic decrease in the number of spots (qualitative changes) and overall protein quantity during the non-feeding stage. The results increase our knowledge about honeybee metamorphosis during the non-feeding period and clarify previous findings regarding particular proteins. The results will be useful for future comparative physiological, developmental, and host-pathogen studies on individual or population level

A new approach for assessing the suspected pesticide poisonings of honeybees:certified methodology

Honeybee colonies are exposed to hundreds of plant protection products, which are especially due to improper use possible source of honeybee poisoning. The methodology introduces to the issue of honeybee poisoning including legislation and contributes with novel aspects to the indication and evaluation of the suspected honeybee poisonings, which are anually investigated by the State Veterinary Administration and the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Czechia. The methodology provides instructions to identify honeybee posining and notification of that finding. Moreover, possible confusions of the poisonings with honeybee diseases are highlighted. Some sections of the methodology provide innovative recommendations for improvement of honeybee poisoning assessing including determination of the extent of colony contamination. The present methodology is useful for the state administration, beekeepers, scientific and educational purposes