The Criminal Justice System\u27s Response to Battering: Understanding the Problem, Forging the Solutions

This article will focus on the appropriate criminal justice response to battering. Part II describes the nature of the problem of wife beating. It first discusses the extent of abuse in America to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem and the urgent need for solutions. The remainder of Part II looks at the issue on a more individual basis. It examines the battered woman, the batterer, the battering relationship, and the effects of abuse on the couple\u27s children. An understanding of the participants and their relationship, unencumbered by the many myths that surround battering, is essential to creating effective legal remedies. Part III argues that the law must take a stand against wife abuse. The arguments for legal intervention against abuse may seem obvious, since spousal assault has been a crime for over a century. Nevertheless, the legal system remains reluctant to use its powers against batterers. Rationalizations offered for this reluctance range from alleged interests in protecting family privacy to the asserted ineffectiveness of the law in dealing with the problem. This article rejects these rationalizations because their effect is to condone wife beating. The law is not a panacea for domestic violence, but that does not mean it can or should do nothing. Part IV enumerates the appropriate goals of a legal program to reduce battering. This enumeration is necessary for two reasons. First, one cannot determine whether any law is desirable without considering its purported objectives. Second, the flaws in the legal system\u27s traditional answers to abuse are largely attributable to the pursuit of incorrect goals, such as the reconciliation of the partners. With proper goals in mind, including protecting the victim and deterring the batterer, we can proceed to evaluate the legal system\u27s response to battering. Part V examines the present state of the law and the changes necessary for an effective criminal justice response

A Novel Method for Computations of Ratios of Jet Cross Sections in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics

The strong interaction is the force responsible for binding quarks to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons, and also for binding protons and neutrons to form the nuclei of atoms. The properties of the strong interaction can be studied in particle collisions from measurements of the production rates of collimated sprays of particles, called jets. In particular, the ratio of the number of collisions that produce three jets over the number of collisions that produce two jets is a direct measure of the strength of the strong interaction. This strength is quantified by the strong coupling constant, αs. Determinations of αs from particle collider data require theoretical calculations. In this paper, a new approach for the theoretical calculations is investigated that differs from the commonly used approach. Computations of the results are presented for different ratio measurements performed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The results of the two different approaches are compared to each other and to the results of the experimental measurements. It is discussed in which kinematical regions the two approaches agree and where they differ

Things My Father Taught Me

They say every man grows up to be his father. I’m pretty sure they say the same thing about women too. They also say how life is all about the little things. The devil is in the details and what have you; body language, facial expressions, clothing, ticks, mannerisms, habits, speech patterns, sayings, tones, opinions, and patterns. These are what make up a person. These are what make up me. I learned them from my dad

Method in number

Thesis (MA)--University of Illinois, 1900TypescriptIncludes bibliographical references (leaf [1] at beginning

A randomized controlled study examining the effectiveness of a gratitude intervention and an optimism intervention on well-being: Moderating effects of personality disposition and social support

Research suggests that engaging in activities that highlight gratitude and optimism can significantly increase well-being. However, additional research is needed to explore characteristics or conditions that optimize the effectiveness of such interventions. The purpose of the present study was to contribute to research in this area by examining the effectiveness each of a gratitude intervention and an optimism intervention on both subjective well-being and psychological well-being among college students. In addition, the current study examined whether personality disposition (i.e., trait gratitude and trait optimism) and social support moderated the effectiveness of these interventions on wellbeing. Data were collected from 144 college students attending a public university in the South. Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: a gratitude condition, an optimism condition, and a control condition. Prior to engaging in the intervention, participants were instructed to complete a baseline survey, which included informed consent; a demographic questionnaire; and measures of personality dispositions (i.e., gratitude and optimism), social support, and well-being. Participants in experimental groups reflected on an experience or topic intended to elicit gratitude or optimism, while participants in the control group engaged in a similar intervention that involved reflection and journaling on an early memory. Participants engaged in one of these interventions for approximately 20 minutes a day for three consecutive days. After the intervention, all participants completed a survey immediately and four weeks later, which included the well-being measures included in the baseline survey. The results of separate two-way mixed repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests indicated there were no significant interactions between time and intervention conditions on the outcome variables; however, the results did show the gratitude intervention was associated with a significant main effect on psychological well-being. Specifically, the gratitude group showed greater mean well-being increases than did the optimism group. Finally, the results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses used to examine potential moderators of the positive psychology intervention – well-being relationships indicated social support moderated the relationship between the optimism intervention and Time 3 subjective well-being. For those in the optimism group, lower baseline social support was related to significant decreases in Time 3 subjective well-being while higher social support at baseline was not significantly associated with changes in subjective well-being at Time 3