Centrosymmetric molecules as possible carriers of diffuse interstellar bands

In this paper, we present new data with interstellar C2 (Phillips bands A-X), from observations made with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory. We have determined the interstellar column densities and excitation temperatures of C2 for nine Galactic lines. For seven of these, C2 has never been observed before, so in this case the still small sample of interstellar clouds (26 lines of sight), where a detailed analysis of C2 excitation has been made, has increased significantly. This paper is a continuation of previous works where interstellar molecules (C2 and diffuse interstellar bands) have been analysed. Because the sample of interstellar clouds with C2 has increased, we can show that the width and shape of the profiles of some diffuse interstellar bands (6196 and 5797 A) apparently depend on the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2; the profiles are broader because of the higher values of the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2. There are also diffuse interstellar bands (4964 and 5850 A) for which this effect does not exist.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS 201

Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starsze = The benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly

Kaźmierczak U., Radzimińska A., Dzierżanowski M., Bułatowicz I., Strojek K., Srokowski G., Zukow W. Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starsze = The benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(1):56-68. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13935http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%281%29%3A56-68https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/524287http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13935Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.06.2014. Revised 05.10.2014. Accepted: 25.12.2014. Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starszeThe benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly Kaźmierczak U.¹, Radzimińska A.¹, Dzierżanowski M.², Bułatowicz I.¹, Strojek K.¹, Srokowski G.¹, Zukow W.³ Katedra Fizjoterapii CM UMK w Toruniu1Zakład Kinezyterapii i Masażu Leczniczego UMK CM w Toruniu²Zakład Terapii Manualnej UMK CM w Toruniu3Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Słowa kluczowe: regularna aktywność fizyczna, osoby starsze. Keywords: regular physical activity, elderly. AbstraktW państwach rozwiniętych i rozwijających się coraz większą grupę społeczeństw stanowią seniorzy.Świadomość problemu spowodowała podjęcie powszechnej dyskusji ekspertów i praktyków z dziedzin medycznych na temat konieczności działań niezbędnych dla zapewnienia społeczeństwom pomyślnej starości.Od dawna wskazuje się, że brak aktywności ruchowej jest dla zdrowia niebezpieczny.Starzeniu się układu sercowo-naczyniowego towarzyszy dużo niekorzystnych zmian strukturalnych, czynnościowych i biochemicznych. Za typowe dla tego okresu zmiany uważa się osłabienie możliwości relaksacji włókien mięśniowych, co może być przyczyną rozkurczowej niewydolności serca.Trening zdrowotny – jest rodzajem aktywności fizycznej wykonywanej z powodów medycznych. Celem jest uzyskanie efektów fizycznych oraz psychicznych przeciwdziałających zmniejszaniu się zdolności adaptacyjnych organizmu.Eksperci przekonują osoby starsze o korzyściach płynących z aktywnego fizycznie stylu życia. Bogate piśmiennictwo poruszające tematykę medycznych aspektów procesu starzenia, mówi o niezaprzeczalnym znaczeniu ruchu dla toczących się w ludzkim ciele procesów inwolucyjnych. Aktywność fizyczna odpowiednio dozowana jest w stanie wyraźnie zmniejszyć negatywny wpływ tych zmian i jak najdłużej pozwolić utrzymać zdrowie fizyczne, psychiczne i społeczne. Zauważono, że systematycznie dozowany wysiłek fizyczny zmniejsza ryzyko wystąpienia wielu chorób np. cukrzycy, miażdżycy, choroby niedokrwiennej serca.Liczne badania naukowe i bogate piśmiennictwo gerontologiczne przedstawiają najnowsze doniesienia specjalistów o tym, jak należy prawidłowo przygotować i prowadzić trening fizyczny z osobami starszymi. Ludzki organizm zaczyna starzeć się około 20-25 roku życia. Zmiany dotyczą wszystkich układów ciała. Najbardziej odczuwalne w życiu codziennym są te, które zachodzą w układzie krążeniowo-oddechowym i mięśniowo-szkieletowym. Trening fizyczny dla osoby starszej, aby był skuteczny i bezpieczny, powinien być skonstruowany i nadzorowany przez specjalistę. AbstractIn developed and developing countries an increasing group of societies are seniors. Awareness of the problem has led to widespread discussion of experts and practitioners from the fields of medical devices on the need for the measures necessary to ensure that societies successful old age. For a long time, indicates that the lack of motor activity is dangerous to health. Aging of the cardiovascular system is accompanied by a lot of adverse structural changes and biochemical function.For typical of this period of change is believed to be weakening the possibility of relaxation of the muscle fibers, which may cause diastolic heart failure. Training of health-is a type of physical activity performed for medical reasons. The goal is to get mental and physical effects against reducing the adaptability of the body. Experts are finding older people about the benefits of a physically active lifestyle. Rich writing evocative theme of medical aspects of the aging process, speaks of undeniable importance for traffic in human flesh involutional processes. Physical activity appropriately dosed is able to clearly reduce the negative impact of these changes and as long as you can afford to maintain the physical, mental and social health. It was noted that systematically dosed exercise reduces the risk of many diseases, eg. diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease.Numerous scientific studies and extensive external links gerontologiczne submit the latest reports of professionals about how to properly prepare and conduct physical training with the elderly. The human body begins to age about 20-25 years of age. The changes apply to all body systems. Most felt in everyday life are the ones that occur in the breathing cardiopulmonary and musculo-skeletal. Physical training for older persons, in order to be effective and safe, should be designed and supervised by a specialist

The chemistry of C3 & Carbon Chain Molecules in DR21(OH)

(Abridged) We have observed velocity resolved spectra of four ro-vibrational far-infrared transitions of C3 between the vibrational ground state and the low-energy nu2 bending mode at frequencies between 1654--1897 GHz using HIFI on board Herschel, in DR21(OH), a high mass star forming region. Several transitions of CCH and c-C3H2 have also been observed with HIFI and the IRAM 30m telescope. A gas and grain warm-up model was used to identify the primary C3 forming reactions in DR21(OH). We have detected C3 in absorption in four far-infrared transitions, P(4), P(10), Q(2) and Q(4). The continuum sources MM1 and MM2 in DR21(OH) though spatially unresolved, are sufficiently separated in velocity to be identified in the C3 spectra. All C3 transitions are detected from the embedded source MM2 and the surrounding envelope, whereas only Q(4) & P(4) are detected toward the hot core MM1. The abundance of C3 in the envelope and MM2 is \sim6x10^{-10} and \sim3x10^{-9} respectively. For CCH and c-C3H2 we only detect emission from the envelope and MM1. The observed CCH, C3, and c-C3H2 abundances are most consistent with a chemical model with n(H2)\sim5x10^{6} cm^-3 post-warm-up dust temperature, T_max =30 K and a time of \sim0.7-3 Myr. Post warm-up gas phase chemistry of CH4 released from the grain at t\sim 0.2 Myr and lasting for 1 Myr can explain the observed C3 abundance in the envelope of DR21(OH) and no mechanism involving photodestruction of PAH molecules is required. The chemistry in the envelope is similar to the warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) found in lukewarm corinos. The observed lower C3 abundance in MM1 as compared to MM2 and the envelope could be indicative of destruction of C3 in the more evolved MM1. The timescale for the chemistry derived for the envelope is consistent with the dynamical timescale of 2 Myr derived for DR21(OH) in other studies.Comment: 11 Pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Excitation and Abundance of C3 in star forming cores:Herschel/HIFI observations of the sight-lines to W31C and W49N

We present spectrally resolved observations of triatomic carbon (C3) in several ro-vibrational transitions between the vibrational ground state and the low-energy nu2 bending mode at frequencies between 1654-1897 GHz along the sight-lines to the submillimeter continuum sources W31C and W49N, using Herschel's HIFI instrument. We detect C3 in absorption arising from the warm envelope surrounding the hot core, as indicated by the velocity peak position and shape of the line profile. The sensitivity does not allow to detect C3 absorption due to diffuse foreground clouds. From the column densities of the rotational levels in the vibrational ground state probed by the absorption we derive a rotation temperature (T_rot) of ~50--70 K, which is a good measure of the kinetic temperature of the absorbing gas, as radiative transitions within the vibrational ground state are forbidden. It is also in good agreement with the dust temperatures for W31C and W49N. Applying the partition function correction based on the derived T_rot, we get column densities N(C3) ~7-9x10^{14} cm^{-2} and abundance x(C3)~10^{-8} with respect to H2. For W31C, using a radiative transfer model including far-infrared pumping by the dust continuum and a temperature gradient within the source along the line of sight we find that a model with x(C3)=10^{-8}, T_kin=30-50 K, N(C3)=1.5 10^{15} cm^{-2} fits the observations reasonably well and provides parameters in very good agreement with the simple excitation analysis.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (HIFI first results issue

The Principle Of Local Rotational Invariance And The Coexistence Of Magnetism, Charge And Superconductivity

We propose a macroscopic description of the superconducting state in presence of an applied external magnetic field in terms of first order differential equations. They describe a corrugated two-component order parameter intertwined with a spin-charged background, caused by spin correlations and charged dislocations. The first order differential equations are a consequence of a Weitzenb\"ock-Liechnorowitz identity which renders a SUL(2) \otimes UL(1) invariant ground state, based on (L) local rotational and electromagnetic gauge symmetry. The proposal is based on a long ago developed formalism by \'Elie Cartan to investigate curved spaces, viewed as a collection of small Euclidean granules that are translated and rotated with respect to each other. \'Elie Cartan's formalism unveils the principle of local rotational invariance as a gauge symmetry because the global SU(2) invariance of the order parameter is turned local by the interlacement of spin and charge to pairing.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure

Nitrogen hydrides in interstellar gas: Herschel/HIFI observations towards G10.6-0.4 (W31C)

The HIFI instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory has been used to observe interstellar nitrogen hydrides along the sight-line towards G10.6-0.4 in order to improve our understanding of the interstellar chemistry of nitrogen. We report observations of absorption in NH N=1-0, J=2-1 and ortho-NH2 1_1,1-0_0,0. We also observed ortho-NH3 1_0-0_0, and 2_0-1_0, para-NH3 2_1-1_1, and searched unsuccessfully for NH+. All detections show emission and absorption associated directly with the hot-core source itself as well as absorption by foreground material over a wide range of velocities. All spectra show similar, non-saturated, absorption features, which we attribute to diffuse molecular gas. Total column densities over the velocity range 11-54 km/s are estimated. The similar profiles suggest fairly uniform abundances relative to hydrogen, approximately 6*10^-9, 3*10^-9, and 3*10^-9 for NH, NH2, and NH3, respectively. These abundances are discussed with reference to models of gas-phase and surface chemistry.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 online pages with 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A July 6 (Herschel/HIFI special issue

Detection of hydrogen fluoride absorption in diffuse molecular clouds with Herschel/HIFI: a ubiquitous tracer of molecular gas

We discuss the detection of absorption by interstellar hydrogen fluoride (HF) along the sight line to the submillimeter continuum sources W49N and W51. We have used Herschel's HIFI instrument in dual beam switch mode to observe the 1232.4762 GHz J = 1 - 0 HF transition in the upper sideband of the band 5a receiver. We detected foreground absorption by HF toward both sources over a wide range of velocities. Optically thin absorption components were detected on both sight lines, allowing us to measure - as opposed to obtain a lower limit on - the column density of HF for the first time. As in previous observations of HF toward the source G10.6-0.4, the derived HF column density is typically comparable to that of water vapor, even though the elemental abundance of oxygen is greater than that of fluorine by four orders of magnitude. We used the rather uncertain N(CH)-N(H2) relationship derived previously toward diffuse molecular clouds to infer the molecular hydrogen column density in the clouds exhibiting HF absorption. Within the uncertainties, we find that the abundance of HF with respect to H2 is consistent with the theoretical prediction that HF is the main reservoir of gas-phase fluorine for these clouds. Thus, hydrogen fluoride has the potential to become an excellent tracer of molecular hydrogen, and provides a sensitive probe of clouds of small H2 column density. Indeed, the observations of hydrogen fluoride reported here reveal the presence of a low column density diffuse molecular cloud along the W51 sight line, at an LSR velocity of ~ 24kms-1, that had not been identified in molecular absorption line studies prior to the launch of Herschel.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, A&A Letter special issue, accepted on 07/13/201

Thermal diffusivity, effusivity and conductivity of CdMnTe mixed crystals

Cd1-xMnxTe mixed crystals belong to a class of materials called ‘‘semimagnetic semiconductor’’ or diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) with addition of magnetic ions like Mn2+ implemented into crystal structure. The crystals under investigation were grown from the melt by the high pressure high temperature modified Bridgman method in the range of composition 0 < x < 0.7. Thermal properties of these compounds have been investigated by means of photopyroelectric (PPE) calorimetry in both, back and front detection configuration. The values of the thermal diffusivity and effusivity were derived from experimental data. Thermal conductivity of the specimens was calculated from the simple theoretical dependencies between thermal parameters. The influence of Mn concentration on thermal properties of Cd1-xMnxTe crystals have been presented and discussed

Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of pRb-like protein in root meristem cells of Vicia faba

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) regulates cell cycle progression by controlling the G1-to-S phase transition. As evidenced in mammals, pRb has three functionally distinct binding domains and interacts with a number of proteins including the E2F family of transcription factors, proteins with a conserved LxCxE motif (D-type cyclin), and c-Abl tyrosine kinase. CDK-mediated phosphorylation of pRb inhibits its ability to bind target proteins, thus enabling further progression of the cell cycle. As yet, the roles of pRb and pRb-binding factors have not been well characterized in plants. By using antibody which specifically recognizes phosphorylated serines (S807/811) in the c-Abl tyrosine kinase binding C-domain of human pRb, we provide evidence for the cell cycle-dependent changes in pRb-like proteins in root meristems cells of Vicia faba. An increased phosphorylation of this protein has been found correlated with the G1-to-S phase transition