Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise with Predominance of Aerobic Metabolism in Trained Population: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

The scientific literature about probiotic intake and its effect on sports performance is growing. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression was to review all information about the effects of probiotic supplementation on performance tests with predominance of aerobic metabolism in trained populations (athletes and/or Division I players and/or trained population: ≥8 h/week and/or ≥5 workouts/week). A structured search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA®) statement and PICOS guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus international databases from inception to 1 November 2021. Studies involving probiotic supplementation in trained population and execution of performance test with aerobic metabolism predominance (test lasted more than 5 min) were considered for inclusion. Fifteen articles were included in the final systematic review (in total, 388 participants were included). After 3 studies were removed due to a lack of data for the meta-analysis and meta-regression, 12 studies with 232 participants were involved. With the objective of assessing the risk of bias of included studies, Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale were performed. For all included studies the following data was extracted: authors, year of publication, study design, the size of the sample, probiotic administration (dose and time), and characteristics of participants. The random effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used according to Hedges’ g for the meta-analysis. In order to determine if dose and duration covariates could predict probiotic effects, a meta-regression was also conducted. Results showed a small positive and significant effect on the performance test with aerobic metabolic predominance (SMD = 0.29; CI = 0.08–0.50; p < 0.05). Moreover, the subgroup analysis displayed significant greater benefits when the dose was ≥30 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) (SMD, 0.47; CI, 0.05 to 0.89; p < 0.05), when supplementation duration was ≤4 weeks (SMD, 0.44; CI, 0.05 to 0.84; p < 0.05), when single strain probiotics were used (SMD, 0.33; CI, 0.06 to 0.60; p < 0.05), when participants were males (SMD, 0.30; CI, 0.04 to 0.56; p < 0.05), and when the test was performed to exhaustion (SMD, 0.45; CI, 0.05 to 0.48; p < 0.05). However, with references to the findings of the meta-regression, selected covariates did not predict probiotic effects in highly trained population. In summary, the current systematic review and meta-analysis supported the potential effects of probiotics supplementation to improve performance in a test in which aerobic metabolism is predominant in trained population. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action of this supplement

Metagenome sequencing of the microbial community of a solar saltern crystallizer pond at cáhuil lagoon, chile.

Cáhuil Lagoon in central Chile harbors distinct microbial communities in various solar salterns that are arranged as interconnected ponds with increasing salt concentrations. Here, we report the metagenome of the 3.0- to 0.2-µm fraction of the microbial community present in a crystallizer pond with 34% salinity

Structural Antitumoral Activity Relationships of Synthetic Chalcones

Relationships between the structural characteristic of synthetic chalcones and their antitumoral activity were studied. Treatment of HepG2 cells for 24 h with synthetic 2’-hydroxychalcones resulted in apoptosis induction and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. The calculated reactivity indexes and the adiabatic electron affinities using the DFT method including solvent effects, suggest a structure-activity relationship between the Chalcones structure and the apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The absence of methoxy substituents in the B ring of synthetic 2’-hydroxychalcones, showed the mayor structure-activity pattern along the series

South american guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation

Resumo não disponíve

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Economía Empresarial- AF117- 201802

Curso general en la carrera de Administración de carácter teórico dirigido a los estudiantes del quinto ciclo. El curso desarrolla la competencia general de "Pensamiento crítico" al nivel 2 El curso introduce al alumno en el conocimiento de la teoría del comportamiento de las empresas como agentes económicos en un entorno de restricciones impuestas por la disponibilidad de recursos, tecnología, información, costos de los procesos productivos, la organización del mercado y por el gobierno. El curso tiene dos objetivos: 1. Comprender en mayor detalle las relaciones económicas entre agentes; es decir, entre empresas, y entre oferentes y demandantes; 2. Comprender la relación fundamental entre el comportamiento y la eficiencia económica. Propósito: El curso busca desarrollar la competencia de "Pensamiento crítico" al nivel 2

Economía Empresarial- AF117- 202201

DESCRIPCIÓN: El curso de Economía Empresarial introduce al alumno en el conocimiento de la teoría del comportamiento de las empresas como agentes económicos en un entorno de restricciones impuestas por la disponibilidad de recursos, tecnología, información, costos de los procesos productivos, la organización del mercado y por el Gobierno. PROPÓSITO: El Curso de Economía Empresarial, que tiene como requisitos a los cursos de Teoría Microeconómica y de Estadística Inferencial, contribuirá a comprender en mayor detalle las relaciones económicas entre agentes económicos; es decir, entre empresas, y entre oferentes y demandantes y; comprender la relación fundamental entre el comportamiento y la eficiencia económica. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia de "Pensamiento crítico" al nivel 2. El curso es pre requisito de Estrategias y Tácticas de Precios y de Econometría

Macroeconomía- AF133- 202201

DESCRIPCIÓN: A través de este curso el estudiante alcanzará los conocimientos básicos de la Macroeconomía. Ello le ayudará a comprender las repercusiones que tienen en la empresa así como en el individuo las principales variables macroeconómicas como son PBI, inflación, empleo, déficit fiscal, balanza de pagos, entre otras. PROPÓSITO: El curso de Macroeconomía, que tiene como requisito al curso de Globalización: Apertura y Tendencias, contribuirá en su labor profesional a una mejor toma de decisiones de carácter económico y financiero. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de "Pensamiento Crítico" en el nivel 1. El curso es pre requisito de Teoría Microeconómica

Teoría Microeconómica- AF142- 202201

DESCRIPCIÓN: El curso de Teoría Microeconómica introduce al alumno en el análisis económico del comportamiento de consumidores y productores y las relaciones que se generan en cada uno de los distintos tipos de mercado. PROPÓSITO: El curso de Teoría Microeconómica, que tiene como requisito a los cursos de Fundamentos para el cálculo y Macroeconomía, contribuirá en su labor profesional a una mejor toma de decisiones, dado que el alumno explica la demanda, la oferta y la interrelación de las mismas en cada uno de los distintos mercados. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de "Pensamiento Crítico" en el nivel 2. El curso es pre requisito de Economía empresarial