“Favor entregar”: trajetória de uma carta, sua imagem e narrativa de vida e morte

Este texto diz respeito à uma carta e uma fotografia pós-morte de minha, no início dos anos de 1980. Estes dois objetos materiais percorrem o atravessamento temporal e geográfico de uma narrativa que desencadeia a fusão de passado e presente (isso foi; isso é), ao mesmo tempo em que se representa em seu contexto factual o isso será, e as dobras feitas pela fotografia. O contexto da escrita retrata a fatalidade, as sutilezas do anúncio e o ritual final, que juntamente com uma imagem, traça um longo percurso pelo país, por pessoas desconhecidas e retoma após quase quatro décadas para reconstituir a minha própria escritura de si. Abordo os conceitos de flâneur, por meio destes objetos que se cruzam e se complementam em narrativas perdidas e viajantes entre outras histórias e outros lugares, narrando e cartografando a jornada. O cruzamento entre memória, passado e sobrevivência (minha? De minha mãe? De sua história, memória? De outros, outras?), a partir de seu tempo mítico e imemorial, que conecta essas imagens viajantes. A faísca para o texto perpassa, ainda, pelos elementos contidos na carta escrita por uma tia e destinada a outra, assim como a reconstituição biográfica em torno destes sujeitos envolvidos

AS NARRATIVAS DAS ARPILLERAS E A REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS SUJEITOS

O presente trabalho discute - a partir dos estudos culturais e da cultura visual - enquanto campo do saber, narrativas visuais que têm sido incorporadas por grupos de mulheres, denominadas arpillerase que por meio da organização de uma sucessão de episódios criam visualidades capazes de seduzir, provocar rejeição e incorporar um cosmos imagético sugerindo e gerando links com nossos repertórios individuais. As arpillerassão imagens produzidas e narradas as quais se associam diretamente a eventos marcantes tanto em nível individual quanto coletivo, perpassando pela própria constituição dos sujeitos.  As arpillerassão uma técnica têxtil chilena feitas a partir de bricolagem para  composição das peças narrativas com teor político, de denúncia e afirmação, produzidas em diversos países da América Latina. No Brasil, são construídas principalmente por mulheres camponesas que estão envolvidas com algum tipo de problema individual ou coletivo, fazendo com que suas narrativas perpassem por caráter de diversas denúncias e afirmação de direitos. O grupo de mulheres pioneiras no Brasilsão as atingidas por barragens, nas diferentes regiões brasileiras

Trans-bordamentos na poesia slam: o ver, o existir e o ocupar

Slam poetry takes its inspiration from sports. This is precisely what this text is about: poetry as a game in which the poem hits in different directions and causes overflows. The poems created for the competitions, which take place from North to South of Brazil, become possibilities of aesthetic and poetic displacements. From the studies of visual culture, we focus on three perspectives of the context of Brazilian slams groups, which we call overflows: the overflow of seeing, of existing and, finally, the overflowing of occupying. Our journey through these edges that are blurred and overflowed, lead us to a poetic movement that triggers aesthetic-educational processes, either by the occupation of places, by the re-existence of other bodies or by the insertion in online screens and in schools.La poesía Slam se inspira en los deportes. Viniendo del idioma inglés, el término poesía slam, es “poetry slam”. De esto precisamente trata este texto: de la poesía como juego en el que el poema golpea en diferentes direcciones y provoca desbordes. Los poemas creados para los concursos, que se desarrollan de norte a sur de Brasil, se convierten en posibilidades de desplazamientos estéticos y poéticos. A partir de los estudios de cultura visual, nos enfocamos en tres perspectivas del contexto de los grupos de slams brasileños, que llamamos desbordamientos: el desbordamiento de ver, el de existir y, finalmente, el desbordamiento de ocupar. Nuestro recorrido por estos bordes que se desdibujan y desbordan, nos conducen a un movimiento poético que desencadena procesos estético-educativos, ya sea por la ocupación de lugares, por la reexistencia de otros cuerpos o por la inserción en las pantallas en línea y en las escuelas.A poesia slam tem sua inspiração nos esportes. Vindo da língua inglesa, o termo poetry slam, é “batida de poesia”. É justamente do que se trata este texto: da poesia como um jogo em que o poema bate em direções distintas e provoca transbordamentos. Os poemas criados para as competições, que acontecem de Norte a Sul do Brasil se transformam possibilidades de deslocamentos estéticos e poéticos. A partir dos estudos da cultura visual, atemo-nos em três perspectivas do contexto dos grupos de slams brasileiros, a que denominamos de trans-bordamentos: o trans-bordamento do ver, do existir e, por fim, o trans-bordamento do ocupar. Nosso percurso por essas bordas que são borradas e transbordadas, levam-nos a um movimento poético que deflagra processos estético-educativos, seja pela ocupação dos lugares, pela re-existência de corpos outros ou seja pela inserção nas telas on-line e nas escolas

Embroidering in the formative experience of peasant women

O texto aborda a experiência desenvolvida com camponesas em oficinas de arpilleras, que se configura em processos de transformação da forma como estas mulheres enxergam suas realidades e se conectam com a realidade de outras, em comunidades rurais distantes e até mesmo desconhecidas. O recorte feito por meio do bordado livre, abriga uma perspectiva estética e política de exercício da solidariedade provocando o deslocamento de vozes hegemônicas e lugares naturalizados como canônicos. A reflexão feita coloca em evidência as possibilidades de diálogos que se tecem em objetos artísticos e para além deles, que emergem do individual ao coletivo e se costuram do coletivo para ressignificar o individual, em total relação com o cotidiano.El texto discute la experiencia desarrollada con mujeres campesinas en talleres de arpilleras, la cual se configura en procesos de transformación en la forma en que estas mujeres ven sus realidades y se conectan con la realidad de otras, en comunidades rurales distante e incluso desconocido. El corte realizado por bordado libre, abriga una perspectiva estética y política de ejercicio solidario provocando el desplazamiento de voces hegemónicas y naturalizadas como lugares canónicos. La reflexión realizada destaca las posibilidades de los diálogos que se entretejen en los objetos artísticos y más allá, que emergen de lo individual a lo colectivo y se cosen de lo colectivo para resignificar lo individual, en total relación con la vida cotidiana.The text addresses the experience developed with peasant women in arpilleras workshops, which is configured in processes of transformation of the way these women see their realities and connect with the reality of others, in remote and even unknown rural communities. The cut out made through free embroidery, houses an aesthetic and political perspective of exercising solidarity causing the displacement of hegemonic voices and naturalized places as canonical. The reflection made highlights the possibilities of dialogues that are weaved in artistic objects and beyond them, which emerge from the individual to the collective and sew from the collective to resignify the individual, in total relation with daily life

Experimental evidence for a hydride transfer mechanism in plant glycolate oxidase catalysis

In plants, glycolate oxidase is involved in the photorespiratory cycle, one of the major fluxes at the global scale. To clarify both the nature of the mechanism and possible differences in glycolate oxidase enzyme chemistry from C3 and C4 plant species, we analyzed kinetic parameters of purified recombinant C3 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and C4 (Zea mays) plant enzymes and compared isotope effects using natural and deuterated glycolate in either natural or deuterated solvent. The 12C/13C isotope effect was also investigated for each plant glycolate oxidase protein by measuring the 13C natural abundance in glycolate using natural or deuterated glycolate as a substrate. Our results suggest that several elemental steps were associated with an hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect and that glycolate α-deprotonation itself was only partially rate-limiting. Calculations of commitment factors from observed kinetic isotope effect values support a hydride transfer mechanism. No significant differences were seen between C3 and C4 enzymes

A pivotal role for starch in the reconfiguration of 14C-partitioning and allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana under short-term abiotic stress.

Plant carbon status is optimized for normal growth but is affected by abiotic stress. Here, we used 14C-labeling to provide the first holistic picture of carbon use changes during short-term osmotic, salinity, and cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. This could inform on the early mechanisms plants use to survive adverse environment, which is important for efficient agricultural production. We found that carbon allocation from source to sinks, and partitioning into major metabolite pools in the source leaf, sink leaves and roots showed both conserved and divergent responses to the stresses examined. Carbohydrates changed under all abiotic stresses applied; plants re-partitioned 14C to maintain sugar levels under stress, primarily by reducing 14C into the storage compounds in the source leaf, and decreasing 14C into the pools used for growth processes in the roots. Salinity and cold increased 14C-flux into protein, but as the stress progressed, protein degradation increased to produce amino acids, presumably for osmoprotection. Our work also emphasized that stress regulated the carbon channeled into starch, and its metabolic turnover. These stress-induced changes in starch metabolism and sugar export in the source were partly accompanied by transcriptional alteration in the T6P/SnRK1 regulatory pathway that are normally activated by carbon starvation

Evidence that abscisic acid promotes degradation of SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) 1 in wheat and activation of a putative calcium-dependent SnRK2

Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) form a major family of signalling proteins in plants and have been associated with metabolic regulation and stress responses. They comprise three subfamilies: SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3. SnRK1 plays a major role in the regulation of carbon metabolism and energy status, while SnRKs 2 and 3 have been implicated in stress and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signalling pathways. The burgeoning and divergence of this family of protein kinases in plants may have occurred to enable cross-talk between metabolic and stress signalling, and ABA-response-element-binding proteins (AREBPs), a family of transcription factors, have been shown to be substrates for members of all three subfamilies. In this study, levels of SnRK1 protein were shown to decline dramatically in wheat roots in response to ABA treatment, although the amount of phosphorylated (active) SnRK1 remained constant. Multiple SnRK2-type protein kinases were detectable in the root extracts and showed differential responses to ABA treatment. They included a 42 kDa protein that appeared to reduce in response to 3 h of ABA treatment but to recover after longer treatment. There was a clear increase in phosphorylation of this SnRK2 in response to the ABA treatment. Fractions containing this 42 kDa SnRK2 were shown to phosphorylate synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences based on those of conserved phosphorylation sites in AREBPs. The activity increased 8-fold with the addition of calcium chloride, indicating that it is calcium-dependent. The activity assigned to the 42 kDa SnRK2 also phosphorylated a heterologously expressed wheat AREBP

Interference with oxidative phosphorylation enhances anoxic expression of rice α-amylase genes through abolishing sugar regulation

Rice has the unique ability to express α-amylase under anoxic conditions, a feature that is critical for successful anaerobic germination and growth. Previously, anaerobic conditions were shown to up-regulate the expression of Amy3 subfamily genes (Amy3B/C, 3D, and 3E) in rice embryos. These genes are known to be feedback regulated by the hydrolytic products of starchy endosperm such as the simple sugar glucose. It was found that oxygen deficiency interferes with the repression of Amy3D gene expression imposed by low concentrations of glucose but not with that imposed by higher amounts. This differential anoxic de-repression depending on sugar concentration suggests the presence of two distinct pathways for sugar regulation of Amy3D gene expression. Anoxic de-repression can be mimicked by treating rice embryos with inhibitors of ATP synthesis during respiration. Other sugar-regulated rice α-amylase genes, Amy3B/C and 3E, behave similarly to Amy3D. Treatment with a respiratory inhibitor or anoxia also relieved the sugar repression of the rice CIPK15 gene, a main upstream positive regulator of SnRK1A that is critical for Amy3D expression in response to sugar starvation. SnRK1A accumulation was previously shown to be required for MYBS1 expression, which transactivates Amy3D by binding to a cis-acting element found in the proximal region of all Amy3 subfamily gene promoters (the TA box). Taken together, these results suggest that prevention of oxidative phosphorylation by oxygen deficiency interferes with the sugar repression of Amy3 subfamily gene expression, leading to their enhanced expression in rice embryos during anaerobic germination

A dual function of SnRK2 kinases in the regulation of SnRK1 and plant growth

[EN] Adverse environmental conditions trigger responses in plants that promote stress tolerance and survival at the expense of growth(1). However, little is known of how stress signalling pathways interact with each other and with growth regulatory components to balance growth and stress responses. Here, we show that plant growth is largely regulated by the interplay between the evolutionarily conserved energy-sensing SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) protein kinase and the abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone pathway. While SnRK2 kinases are main drivers of ABA-triggered stress responses, we uncover an unexpected growth-promoting function of these kinases in the absence of ABA as repressors of SnRK1. Sequestration of SnRK1 by SnRK2-containing complexes inhibits SnRK1 signalling, thereby allowing target of rapamycin (TOR) activity and growth under optimal conditions. On the other hand, these complexes are essential for releasing and activating SnRK1 in response to ABA, leading to the inhibition of TOR and growth under stress. This dual regulation of SnRK1 by SnRK2 kinases couples growth control with environmental factors typical for the terrestrial habitat and is likely to have been critical for the water-to-land transition of plants.We thank J.-K. Zhu for the snrk2 mutants, M. Bennett for the SnRK2.2-GFP line, C. Koncz for the SnRK1-GFP line, X. Li for the SnRK2.3-FLAG OE line, J. Schroeder for the GFP-His-FLAG and SnRK2.6-His-FLAG OE lines, C. Mackintosh for the TPS5 antibody and the Nottingham Arabidopsis stock centre for T-DNA mutant seeds. The IGC Plant Facility (Vera Nunes) is thanked for excellent plant care. This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the R&D Units UIDB/04551/2020 (GREEN-IT-Bioresources for Sustainability) and UID/MAR/04292/2019, FCT project nos. PTDC/BIA-PLA/7143/2014, LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028128 and PTDC/BIA-BID/32347/2017, and FCT fellowships/contract nos. SFRH/BD/122736/2016 (M.A.), SFRH/BPD/109336/2015 (A.C.), PD/BD/150239/2019 (D.R.B.), and IF/00804/2013 (E.B.G.). Work in P.L.R.'s laboratory was funded by MCIU grant no. BIO2017-82503-R. C.M. thanks the LabEx Paris Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS (ANR-10-LABX-040-SPS) for support. B.B.P. was funded by Programa VALi+d GVA APOSTD/2017/039. This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 867426-ABA-GrowthBalance-H2020-WF-2018-2020/H2020-WF-01-2018, awarded to B.B.P.). This work is dedicated to the memory of our beloved friend and colleague Americo Rodrigues.Belda-Palazón, B.; Adamo, M.; Valerio, C.; Ferreira, LJ.; Confraria, A.; Reis-Barata, D.; Rodrigues, A.... (2020). A dual function of SnRK2 kinases in the regulation of SnRK1 and plant growth. 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Towards Establishment of a Rice Stress Response Interactome

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for more than half the world and a model for studies of monocotyledonous species, which include cereal crops and candidate bioenergy grasses. A major limitation of crop production is imposed by a suite of abiotic and biotic stresses resulting in 30%–60% yield losses globally each year. To elucidate stress response signaling networks, we constructed an interactome of 100 proteins by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays around key regulators of the rice biotic and abiotic stress responses. We validated the interactome using protein–protein interaction (PPI) assays, co-expression of transcripts, and phenotypic analyses. Using this interactome-guided prediction and phenotype validation, we identified ten novel regulators of stress tolerance, including two from protein classes not previously known to function in stress responses. Several lines of evidence support cross-talk between biotic and abiotic stress responses. The combination of focused interactome and systems analyses described here represents significant progress toward elucidating the molecular basis of traits of agronomic importance