¿Reconocen los estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria las secuencias de resultados aleatorios?

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las características que los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria asignan a las secuencias de resultados aleatorios. Se comparan las respuestas y argumentos de 159 estudiantes de tres niveles educativos a cuatro tareas que en la investigación previa se conocen como tareas de reconocimiento de la aleatoriedad. Manteniendo el experimento aleatorio consistente en lanzar una moneda y la longitud total de la secuencias, se varían la frecuencia de resultados y la longitud de las rachas. Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos reconocen las características de las secuencias y tienen buena percepción de la estabilidad de la frecuencia relativa, pero esperan rachas más cortas de las habituales en un proceso aleatorio. Se observan mejores resultados que en investigaciones previas y mejor razonamiento en los alumnos mayores

Physical activity and sex modulate obesity risk linked to 3111T/C gene variant of the CLOCK gene in an elderly population: the SUN Project

Genetic factors may interact with physical activity levels to modify obesity risk. Our aim was to explore the effect of rs1801260 SNP (3111T/C) of CLOCK gene, on obesity risk and to examine their interaction with lifestyle factors in an elderly population of the SUN Project. Subjects (n=903, aged 69±6) were recruited from the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) Project. DNA was obtained from saliva and lifestyle and dietary data were collected by validated self-reported questionnaires. Genotyping was assessed by RT-PCR plus allele discrimination. A significant interaction between the 3111T/C SNP of CLOCK gene and sex for overweight/obesity risk was observed (p for interaction [Sex*CLOCK] interaction <0.001). Our results showed that women carrying the C allele of CLOCK gene had a decreased overweight/obesity risk compared to non carrier -TT- subjects (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.36-1.04, p=0.069). Moreover, the protective effect of the 3111T/C gene variant may be enhanced in those women with a high physical activity practice. We found that women practicing more than 16.8 METs- h/week had a significantly lower overweight/obesity risk (OR 0.36, 95%CI: 0.17-0.79, p=0.011). A significant interaction between the 3111T/C gene variant and physical activity for overweight/obesity risk was observed in women (p for [PA x CLOCK] interaction=0.015). In conclusion, it appears that physical activity levels may act as an effect modifier for overweight/obesity risk linked to the 3111T/C SNP (rs1801260) of the CLOCK gene in an elderly population of the SUN Project

Spanish research on mathematics education

The writing of this text has been partly developed within several research projects: RTI2018-101153-B-C21 and RTI2018-101153-A-C22 (M. Bosch and B. Barquero); PID2019-105601GB-I00 (C. Batanero, M. M. Gea and J.D. Godino); ProID2021010018 (M. Camacho-Machín); EDU2016-75771-P and PID2020-113601GB-I00 (M. C. Cañadas and Enrique Castro); PGC2018-100758-B-I00 (J. M. Chamoso); RTI2018-096547-B-I00 (L. C. Contreras); EDU2017-84979-R (T. F. Blanco); 2021/FQM-226 and PPIIV.4/2021/005 (V. Martín-Molina); PID2020-116514GB-I00 (M. Moreno)

The Carnegie Supernova Project: First Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae

The Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) is a five-year survey being carried out at the Las Campanas Observatory to obtain high-quality light curves of ~100 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae in a well-defined photometric system. Here we present the first release of photometric data that contains the optical light curves of 35 Type Ia supernovae, and near-infrared light curves for a subset of 25 events. The data comprise 5559 optical (ugriBV) and 1043 near-infrared (YJHKs) data points in the natural system of the Swope telescope. Twenty-eight supernovae have pre-maximum data, and for 15 of these, the observations begin at least 5 days before B maximum. This is one of the most accurate datasets of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae published to date. When completed, the CSP dataset will constitute a fundamental reference for precise determinations of cosmological parameters, and serve as a rich resource for comparison with models of Type Ia supernovae.Comment: 93 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A

The Peculiar SN 2005hk: Do Some Type Ia Supernovae Explode as Deflagrations?

We present extensive u'g'r'i'BVRIYJHKs photometry and optical spectroscopy of SN 2005hk. These data reveal that SN 2005hk was nearly identical in its observed properties to SN 2002cx, which has been called ``the most peculiar known type Ia supernova.'' Both supernovae exhibited high ionization SN 1991T-like pre-maximum spectra, yet low peak luminosities like SN 1991bg. The spectra reveal that SN 2005hk, like SN 2002cx, exhibited expansion velocities that were roughly half those of typical type Ia supernovae. The R and I light curves of both supernovae were also peculiar in not displaying the secondary maximum observed for normal type Ia supernovae. Our YJH photometry of SN 2005hk reveals the same peculiarity in the near-infrared. By combining our optical and near-infrared photometry of SN 2005hk with published ultraviolet light curves obtained with the Swift satellite, we are able to construct a bolometric light curve from ~10 days before to ~60 days after B maximum. The shape and unusually low peak luminosity of this light curve, plus the low expansion velocities and absence of a secondary maximum at red and near-infrared wavelengths, are all in reasonable agreement with model calculations of a 3D deflagration which produces ~0.25 M_sun of 56Ni.Comment: Accepted by PASP, to appear in April 2007 issue, 63 pages, 16 figures, 11 table

Perspectivas actuales de los sujetos de derecho

En este volumen se recogen las intervenciones del II Seminario Internacional Permanente del Departamento de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del Derecho de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid que se desarrolló en el curso académico 2010-2011Presentación / Rafael de Asís Roig. - Algunas reflexiones sobre el individuo en Derecho Internacional / Castor Díaz Barrado. - Sobre capacidad y derechos / Rafael de Asís Roig. - Derecho Común versus Derecho Especial : el individuo como sujeto del derecho de libertad de conciencia y religiosa en España y Portugal / Alejandro Torres Gutiérrez. - Las empresas transnacionales como actores y sujetos «potenciales» en la sociedad internacional / Romualdo Bermejo García. - Las minorías religiosas como sujetos de derechos en España : un sistema de desigualdad / José María Contreras Mazario. - Los colectivos como sujetos de Derecho / Olga Sánchez Martínez. - De «protectorado internacional» a Estado «protegido» (¿Es Kosovo un Estado?) / Cesáreo Gutiérrez Espada - Contra el Derecho Internacional : imperialismo americano y subjetividad jurídica / Cristina García Pascual. - Cooperación constitucional e internacionalidad de la Iglesia católica / Paulino Pardo Prieto. - El individuo como titular de la libertad religiosa : aproximación a un problema de filosofía jurídica / Fernando Arlettaz. - La adopción de un procedimiento de comunicaciones individuales : ¿asignatura pendiente en la consolidación de la «subjetividad internacional del niño»? / Mª del Rosario Carmona Luque. - La persona con discapacidad como sujeto de derechos : análisis desde dos modelos / Patricia Cuenca Gómez. - Los sujetos de Derecho Internacional y los desastres internacionales / Carlos R. Fernández Liesa. - Los inmigrantes como colectivo : ¿son sujeto de Derecho Internacional? / Rosana Garciandía Garmendia. - La empresa : ¿Sujeto de Derecho Internacional? : Importancia de la cuestión / Hilda Garrido Suárez. - La tolerancia étnica y religiosa en los proyectos para la independencia del Estado búlgaro de la dominación otomana, el punto de partida del concepto legal sobre la protección de los derechos fundamentales de las minorias en Bulgaria / Ángel Hristov Kolev. - El régimen jurídico del profesorado y de la asignatura de religión católica en la escuela pública. Comentario a la STC 51/2011 de 14 de abril / Andrés Murcia González. - El sujeto de derecho en Pufendorf / Antonio Pele. - ¿Puede un sujeto de Derecho Internacional juzgar a otro? Algunas consideraciones sobre la inmunidad de jurisdicción de las organizaciones internacionales / Juan Jorge Piernas Lópe

Capabilities of Nanostructured Tungsten for Plasma Facing Material

One of the bottle necks for fusion to become a reality is the lack of materials able to withstand the harsh conditions taken place in a reactor environment. In particular, plasma facing materials (PFM) have to resist large radiation fluxes and thermal loads. Nowadays, tungsten is one of the most attractive materials proposed for PFM. However, it is known that the irradiation of tungsten with H leads to surface blistering and subsequent cracking and exfoliation which is unacceptable. In particular, these effects have been observed to be more severe when W is subjected to pulse irradiation

Artificial intelligence within the interplay between natural and artificial computation:Advances in data science, trends and applications

Artificial intelligence and all its supporting tools, e.g. machine and deep learning in computational intelligence-based systems, are rebuilding our society (economy, education, life-style, etc.) and promising a new era for the social welfare state. In this paper we summarize recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence within the interplay between natural and artificial computation. A review of recent works published in the latter field and the state the art are summarized in a comprehensive and self-contained way to provide a baseline framework for the international community in artificial intelligence. Moreover, this paper aims to provide a complete analysis and some relevant discussions of the current trends and insights within several theoretical and application fields covered in the essay, from theoretical models in artificial intelligence and machine learning to the most prospective applications in robotics, neuroscience, brain computer interfaces, medicine and society, in general.BMS - Pfizer(U01 AG024904). Spanish Ministry of Science, projects: TIN2017-85827-P, RTI2018-098913-B-I00, PSI2015-65848-R, PGC2018-098813-B-C31, PGC2018-098813-B-C32, RTI2018-101114-B-I, TIN2017-90135-R, RTI2018-098743-B-I00 and RTI2018-094645-B-I00; the FPU program (FPU15/06512, FPU17/04154) and Juan de la Cierva (FJCI-2017–33022). Autonomous Government of Andalusia (Spain) projects: UMA18-FEDERJA-084. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria of Galicia: ED431C2017/12, accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/08, ED431C2018/29, Comunidad de Madrid, Y2018/EMT-5062 and grant ED431F2018/02. PPMI – a public – private partnership – is funded by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners, including Abbott, Biogen Idec, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., GE Healthcare, Genentech and Pfizer Inc