Pronúncia do inglês para brasileiros: análise do livro Descobrindo a pronúncia do inglês

Este estudo focaliza a análise do livro didático Descobrindo a pronúncia do inglês, de Lieff, Pow e Nunes, publicado pela Editora Martins Fontes, em 2010. Os objetivos são: (1) Identificar qual/is teoria/as de aquisição fonológica subjaz à proposta de ensino da pronúncia apresentada no livro; (2) Investigar como o livro aborda aspectos de inteligibilidade da pronúncia do aprendiz brasileiro de inglês; e, (3) Verificar o sotaque do inglês adotado como referência nos áudios que acompanham o livro. O corpus da pesquisa é composto pelas instruções e atividades contidas no livro mencionado. A fundamentação teórica inclui: (1) teorias de aquisição fonológica (CELCE-MURCIA, 1999); (2) características da pronúncia do aprendiz brasileiro de inglês (LIEFF; NUNES, 1993; BAPTISTA, 2001; GODOY; GONTOW; MARCELINO, 2006; SILVA, 2012); e (3) inteligibilidade de pronúncia (TENCH, 1981; FIELD, 2003; SILVEIRA; SCHADECH, 2014). Os dados foram organizados em quatro categorias de análise : (a) consoantes; (b) vogais; (c) acentuação de palavras; e, (d) inserção de vogal. Os resultados apontam que a teoria de aquisição fonológica que subjaz à proposta do livro é, predominantemente, a Análise Contrastiva; que os aspectos de inteligibilidade da pronúncia do aprendiz brasileiro de inglês são apresentados através de afirmações e de tirinhas e, por fim, que o sotaque adotado como referência é o Received Pronunciation (RP) (ROACH, 2002)

Práticas reflexivas em planos de aula do curso CELTA

Este trabalho é um recorte de dissertação em que pesquisamos alguns aspectos referentes à formação docente e ensino de línguas do curso CELTA a partir de planos de aula. O CELTA é um curso internacionalmente reconhecido, e seu principal propósito é servir como uma formação inicial de professores de inglês como língua estrangeira (LE). Nosso objetivo neste estudo é identificar as possíveis contribuições dos planos de aula elaborados por participantes do curso CELTA para a prática reflexiva dos professores. Nossas discussões giram em torno de estudos sobre educação (Schön, 2000; Zabala, 1998) ergonomia do trabalho (Amigues, 2004), formação de professores (Freeman, 1989) e prática reflexiva (Van Manen, 1977; Zeichner, 1993). Este estudo se embasa na abordagem qualitativa (Moreira; Caleffe, 2006) e o corpus documental é formado de vinte e seis planos de aulas elaborados por cinco participantes e um handout sobre elaboração de instruções de sala de aula. Especificamente, analisamos um item do modelo de plano de aula do curso intitulado antecipação de problemas, que, de acordo com os tipos de problemas elaborados pelos participantes, indica que o curso CELTA estimula dois tipos de prática reflexiva: a técnica e a prática. Palavras-chave: Práticas reflexivas; Planejamento de ensino; Curso CELTA

Artigo de opinião: sequência didática funcionalista

Este texto é uma resenha do livro publicado em 2018 por Vânia Cristina Casseb-Galvão e Milcinele da Conceição Duarte. Nesta resenha, descrevemos sumariamente a organização e o propósito da obra, reforçado constantemente pelas autoras. Além disso, discutimos as possíveis contribuições que o livro pode apresentar para a formação e prática de professores de língua.&nbsp

História de Ninguém

Ele vivia na beira de um rio corrente, largo e profundo, que sempre corria silenciosamente até um oceano vasto e desconhecido. O Rio fluía desde que o mundo é mundo. Tinha mudado seu curso algumas vezes e desembocado em novos canais, deixando os antigos caminhos secos e inférteis; mas sempre seguia seu fluxo, e sempre fluiria até quando o Tempo deixasse de existir. Contra sua forte e misteriosa correnteza, nada o ultrapassava. Nenhuma criatura viva, nem flor, nem folha, nem partícula de existência animada ou inanimada, jamais voltava desse desconhecido oceano. A correnteza do rio corria sem resistência em direção a ele; e nunca parava, tal qual as voltas da Terra ao redor do Sol

Unexpected short- and long-term effects of chronic adolescent HU-210 exposure on emotional behavior

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/).Chronic adolescent cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure has been shown to lead to persistent increases in depressive-like behaviors. This has been a key obstacle to the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. However, most of the published work has been performed with only three compounds, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2. Hypothesizing that different compounds may lead to distinct outcomes, we herein used the highly potent CB1R/CB2R full agonist HU-210, and first aimed at replicating cannabinoid-induced long-lasting effects, by exposing adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats to increasing doses of HU-210, for 11 days and testing them at adulthood, after a 30-day drug washout. Surprisingly, HU-210 did not significantly impact adult anxious- or depressive-like behaviors. We then tested whether chronic adolescent HU-210 treatment resulted in short-term (24h) alterations in depressive-like behavior. Remarkably, HU-210 treatment simultaneously induced marked antidepressant- and prodepressant-like responses, in the modified forced swim (mFST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT), respectively. Hypothesizing that mFST results were a misleading artifact of HU-210-induced behavioral hyperreactivity to stress, we assessed plasmatic noradrenaline and corticosterone levels, under basal conditions and following an acute swim-stress episode. Notably, we found that while HU-210 did not alter basal noradrenaline or corticosterone levels, it greatly augmented the stress-induced increase in both. Our results show that, contrary to previously studied cannabinoid receptor agonists, HU-210 does not induce persisting depressive-like alterations, despite inducing marked short-term increases in stress-induced reactivity. By showing that not all cannabinoid receptor agonists may induce long-term negative effects, these results hold significant relevance for the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics.Work was supported by project funding from Fundação para a Ciência e para a Tecnologia (FCT) (PTDC/MED-FAR/30933/2017 and PTDC/MED-FAR/4834/2021) and by H2020-WIDESPREAD-05-2017-Twinning (EpiEpinet) under grant agreement No. 952455. MF-F (SFRH/BD/147505/2019), NR (PD/BD/113463/2015), JF-G (PD/BD/114441/2016) and CM-L (SFRH/BD/118238/2016) are supported by PhD fellowships from FCT. The funding sources had no involvement in study design, preparation of the manuscript, or decision regarding its submission.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Deposition of Ibuprofen Crystals on Hydroxypropyl Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Gel: Experimental and Mathematic Modeling Releasing

The crystallization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl) propionic acid] ibuprofen (IBP) on a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel was studied as well as the release kinetics of the drug. The IBP was crystallized on the gel surface of HPC/PAAm. It had a prismatic shape and the growth was made in an aqueous medium; the crystallinity grade of the gels HPC/PAAm and HPC/PAAm-IBU increased to 68% and to 58%, respectively. The release of IBP is performed by two means: by a non-Fickian diffusion process and by relaxation of the chains of the gel; without regard to temperature and the diffusion media, this correlates with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the proposed gel. This polymer matrix provides an option for releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a temperature range of 35–39°C. Korsmeyer and Peppas mathematical model was simulated for data releases, statistically significant at 95% confidence level

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Withdrawal Is Associated with Higher Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Our main aim was to describe the effect on the severity of ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) and ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker) during COVID-19 hospitalization. A retrospective, observational, multicenter study evaluating hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with ACEI/ARB. The primary endpoint was the incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis (IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation), NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation), ICU admission (intensive care unit), and/or all-cause mortality). We evaluated both outcomes in patients whose treatment with ACEI/ARB was continued or withdrawn. Between February and June 2020, 11,205 patients were included, mean age 67 years (SD = 16.3) and 43.1% female; 2162 patients received ACEI/ARB treatment. ACEI/ARB treatment showed lower all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001). Hypertensive patients in the ACEI/ARB group had better results in IMV, ICU admission, and the composite outcome of prognosis (p < 0.0001 for all). No differences were found in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Patients previously treated with ACEI/ARB continuing treatment during hospitalization had a lower incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis than those whose treatment was withdrawn (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.63-0.76). ARB was associated with better survival than ACEI (HR 0.77, 95%CI 0.62-0.96). ACEI/ARB treatment during COVID-19 hospitalization was associated with protection on mortality. The benefits were greater in hypertensive, those who continue

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort

Background: Longitudinal cohort data of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. In our global study, we describe long-term outcomes of patients affected by TB and COVID-19. Methods: We collected data from 174 centres in 31 countries on all patients affected by COVID-19 and TB between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. Patients were followed-up until cure, death or end of cohort time. All patients had TB and COVID-19; for analysis purposes, deaths were attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional risk-regression models, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival and mortality attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Results: Overall, 788 patients with COVID-19 and TB (active or sequelae) were recruited from 31 countries, and 10.8% (n=85) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly lower among patients whose death was attributed to TB and COVID-19 versus those dying because of either TB or COVID-19 alone (p&lt;0.001). Significant adjusted risk factors for TB mortality were higher age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), HIV infection (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02-5.16) and invasive ventilation (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.34-7.83). For COVID-19 mortality, the adjusted risks were higher age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04), male sex (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24-3.91), oxygen requirement (HR 7.93, 95% CI 3.44-18.26) and invasive ventilation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36-3.53). Conclusions: In our global cohort, death was the outcome in &gt;10% of patients with TB and COVID-19. A range of demographic and clinical predictors are associated with adverse outcomes