Consumption of canid meat at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic

Germonpré, Mietje, Lázničková-Galetová, Martina, Jimenez, Elodie-Laure, Losey, Robert, Sablin, Mikhail, Bocherens, Hervé, Van Den Broeck, Martine (2017): Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic. Fossil Imprint 73 (3-4): 360-382, DOI: 10.2478/if-2017-0020, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-002

Multi-isotope analysis of bone collagen of Late Pleistocene ungulates reveals niche partitioning and behavioural plasticity of reindeer during MIS 3

Acknowledgements This research was funded by a Leverhulme Research Project Grant (ref: RPG-2017-410 to K.B.), and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. A Philip Leverhulme Prize (ref: PLP-2019-284 to K.B.) provided support to K.B. during the production of this manuscript, and M.S. is funded by the NWO Dutch Research council (VICI award VI.C.191.07). We thank C.-H. Bachelier and Jaques Bachelier for facilitating and supporting research at Les Cottés, and the French Ministry of Culture for allowing and funding research at Les Cottés. Thanks to Sven Steinbrenner and Annabell Reiner (MPI-EVA), and Orsolya Czére (Aberdeen) for laboratory assistance, and to Jovita Fawcett and Eléa Gutierrez (Aberdeen) for proof reading and assistance with images.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Population dynamics and demographic history of Eurasian collared lemmings.

BACKGROUND: Ancient DNA studies suggest that Late Pleistocene climatic changes had a significant effect on population dynamics in Arctic species. The Eurasian collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus) is a keystone species in the Arctic ecosystem. Earlier studies have indicated that past climatic fluctuations were important drivers of past population dynamics in this species. RESULTS: Here, we analysed 59 ancient and 54 modern mitogenomes from across Eurasia, along with one modern nuclear genome. Our results suggest population growth and genetic diversification during the early Late Pleistocene, implying that collared lemmings may have experienced a genetic bottleneck during the warm Eemian interglacial. Furthermore, we find multiple temporally structured mitogenome clades during the Late Pleistocene, consistent with earlier results suggesting a dynamic late glacial population history. Finally, we identify a population in northeastern Siberia that maintained genetic diversity and a constant population size at the end of the Pleistocene, suggesting suitable conditions for collared lemmings in this region during the increasing temperatures associated with the onset of the Holocene. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights an influence of past warming, in particular the Eemian interglacial, on the evolutionary history of the collared lemming, along with spatiotemporal population structuring throughout the Late Pleistocene

Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia.

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) are one of the few large terrestrial carnivores that have maintained a wide geographic distribution across the Northern Hemisphere throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Recent genetic studies have suggested that, despite this continuous presence, major demographic changes occurred in wolf populations between the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, and that extant wolves trace their ancestry to a single late Pleistocene population. Both the geographic origin of this ancestral population and how it became widespread remain unknown. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit modelling framework to analyse a dataset of 90 modern and 45 ancient mitochondrial wolf genomes from across the Northern Hemisphere, spanning the last 50,000 years. Our results suggest that contemporary wolf populations trace their ancestry to an expansion from Beringia at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, and that this process was most likely driven by Late Pleistocene ecological fluctuations that occurred across the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides direct ancient genetic evidence that long-range migration has played an important role in the population history of a large carnivore, and provides an insight into how wolves survived the wave of megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last glaciation. Moreover, because late Pleistocene grey wolves were the likely source from which all modern dogs trace their origins, the demographic history described in this study has fundamental implications for understanding the geographical origin of the dog.L.L., K.D. and G.L. were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (grant numbers NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1); LL was also supported by the European Research Council grant (339941‐ADAPT); A.M. and A.E. were supported by the European Research Council Consolidator grant (grant number 647787‐LocalAdaptation); L.F. and G.L. were supported by the European Research Council grant (ERC‐2013‐StG 337574‐UNDEAD); T.G. was supported by a European Research Council Consolidator grant (681396‐Extinction Genomics) & Lundbeck Foundation grant (R52‐5062); O.T. was supported by the National Science Center, Poland (2015/19/P/NZ7/03971), with funding from EU's Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement (665778) and Synthesys Project (BETAF 3062); V.P., E.P. and P.N. were supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (N16‐18‐10265 RNF); A.P. was supported by the Max Planck Society; M.L‐G. was supported by a Czech Science Foundation grant (GAČR15‐06446S)

Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia.

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) are one of the few large terrestrial carnivores that have maintained a wide geographic distribution across the Northern Hemisphere throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Recent genetic studies have suggested that, despite this continuous presence, major demographic changes occurred in wolf populations between the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, and that extant wolves trace their ancestry to a single late Pleistocene population. Both the geographic origin of this ancestral population and how it became widespread remain unknown. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit modelling framework to analyse a dataset of 90 modern and 45 ancient mitochondrial wolf genomes from across the Northern Hemisphere, spanning the last 50,000 years. Our results suggest that contemporary wolf populations trace their ancestry to an expansion from Beringia at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, and that this process was most likely driven by Late Pleistocene ecological fluctuations that occurred across the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides direct ancient genetic evidence that long-range migration has played an important role in the population history of a large carnivore, and provides an insight into how wolves survived the wave of megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last glaciation. Moreover, because late Pleistocene grey wolves were the likely source from which all modern dogs trace their origins, the demographic history described in this study has fundamental implications for understanding the geographical origin of the dog.L.L., K.D. and G.L. were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (grant numbers NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1); LL was also supported by the European Research Council grant (339941‐ADAPT); A.M. and A.E. were supported by the European Research Council Consolidator grant (grant number 647787‐LocalAdaptation); L.F. and G.L. were supported by the European Research Council grant (ERC‐2013‐StG 337574‐UNDEAD); T.G. was supported by a European Research Council Consolidator grant (681396‐Extinction Genomics) & Lundbeck Foundation grant (R52‐5062); O.T. was supported by the National Science Center, Poland (2015/19/P/NZ7/03971), with funding from EU's Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement (665778) and Synthesys Project (BETAF 3062); V.P., E.P. and P.N. were supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (N16‐18‐10265 RNF); A.P. was supported by the Max Planck Society; M.L‐G. was supported by a Czech Science Foundation grant (GAČR15‐06446S)

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Palaeoecology and Subsistence Strategies in Belgium and Northwestern Europe during the MIS 3 through the Reassessment of Forgotten Collections: A Methodological Approach

Palaeoecological reconstructions are fundamental for the understanding of interactions between all the mammalian communities in a given environment and their choices in terms of habitat, diet and migrations. During the Late Pleistocene in north western Europe, hyenas and human groups shared essentially the same ecological niche. A comparison of their crossed relationships could therefore yield important data on the palaeoecological context. Unfortunately, numerous Palaeolithic sites in north western Europe were excavated well before modern archaeological techniques were devised. Thus the faunal assemblages collected during those early excavations do not have any stratigraphic context and the results extracted from these collections by classical approaches are therefore limited. However, in the karstic region of the Meuse Valley (southern Belgium), many sites have yielded massive amounts of archaeological and palaeontological material dated to the MIS 3. One of the challenges of this on-going doctoral research is to attempt to study this area by attempting an ecological reconstruction based on these old faunal collections in order to highlight settlements and dispersions of the MIS 3 key-species like ungulates, carnivores and humans

Modalités d'occupation du territoire et relations humains-grands Carnivores durant le Pléistocène supérieur :Approche archéozoologique, taphonomique et paléoécologique du Bassin mosan dans son contexte nord-ouest européen

Au sein des territoires du nord-ouest européen, la Belgique et son Bassin mosan ont livré ces 150 dernières années une somme prodigieuse de témoins des populations humaines et animales paléolithiques. Alors que ces vestiges laissent supposer le caractère attractif de la région lors de la dernière glaciation du Pléistocène (115-10 ka BP), ces communautés d’ongulés et leurs prédateurs— humains et grands Carnivores — ont dû toutefois s’adapter à de nombreuses variations environnementales tant millénaires que saisonnières. Cependant, en raison de l’ancienneté de nombreuses fouilles en Vallée mosane et de la complexité des remplissages en grotte, les relations entretenues entre les sociétés humaines et leur écosystème demeurent encore peu connues.Cette étude propose, grâce à une approche archéozoologique, taphonomique et cémentochronologique inédite pour la région, d’explorer le potentiel de ces riches collections pour tenter de cerner dans quel cadre écologique se sont déroulées les implantations humaines sur ce territoire pourtant très prisé par de nombreux autres grands prédateurs, en particulier l’Hyène des cavernes (Crocuta crocuta spelaea). En identifiant les relations entretenues entre les sociétés humaines et les populations fauniques (proies, autres Carnivores), l’objectif est de comprendre dans quelles mesures les comportements de chaque guilde ont pu s’influencer dans leurs stratégies respectives de gestion de l’espace et des ressources, et de considérer ces données à la lumière des grands changements biologiques (remplacement des Néandertaliens par les Hommes Anatomiquement Modernes (HAM)), culturels (passage du Paléolithique moyen au Paléolithique supérieur) et écologiques (disparition de nombreux grands mammifères) qui ont eu lieu à la fin du Pléistocène supérieur. A n de poursuivre cet objectif, les trois assemblages mixtes anthropique/carnivore du Tiène des Maulins (Belgique), du Trou Magrite (Belgique) et d’Hénin-sur-Cojeul (France), ainsi qu’un exceptionnel repaire natal d’hyènes à la Caverne Marie-Jeanne (Belgique) ont été étudiés. Au total, plus de 75 000 pièces ont fait l’objet d’une analyse et leurs données ont été confrontées à celles d’une sélection d’autres sites régionaux majeurs issus de la littérature. Les di érentes pistes explorées nous renseignent à plusieurs niveaux. Tout d’abord, les études archéozoologiques et taphonomiques ont mené à une meilleure caractérisation de la niche écologique des humains et celle de leurs principaux compétiteurs au sein de cette région, et ont livré les indices de relations variées existant entre les deux communautés. Ensuite, l’accent mis sur les données saisonnières, notamment grâce à des analyses cémentochronologiques, a permis de proposer l’existence d’un partitionnement saisonnier de leurs territoires de chasse :alors que l’Hyène montre un fort investissement au sud du territoire tout au long de l’année malgré des pressions écologiques saisonnières importantes, les groupes humains semblent quant à eux avoir e ectué la plupart de leurs incursions dans les vallées karstiques du Sud de la Belgique durant les saisons froides, probablement en vue de récupérer des peaux de bonne qualité et réaliser des stocks de graisse et de viande. Ce fort degré de planification spatiotemporelle semble être va- lable tant pour les populations néandertaliennes que les premiers HAM, suggérant la pérennité des réponses comportementales au sein de cet environnement contraignant. Enfin, un essai statistique mené sur les datations disponibles suggère que les populations de grands Carnivores et d’humains augmentent de concert autour de la transition Paléolithique moyen-Paléolithique supérieur autour du Bassin mosan. Cependant, notre étude ne permet pas de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une augmentation des pressions écologiques entre compétiteurs à cette période, qui connaît pourtant le remplacement des Néandertaliens par les premiers HAM.Ces données offrent un nouveau regard sur les conditions de vie et les comportements des Paléolithiques autour de la Vallée mosane belge, et ouvrent la voie à une meilleure connaissance des adaptations et des dynamiques spatiotemporelles des communautés humaines et animales du Pléistocène supérieur au sein de l’Europe du Nord-Ouest.Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologieinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe