ANALISIS PENYEBAB KEBOCORAN FORE BILGE TANK DI MV. SHANTHI INDAH

ABSTRAKSI Hexa Jehan Pradana, NIT. 51145475.T, 2019 “ Analisis penyebab kebocoran fore bilge tank di MV. Shanthi Indah”, Program Diploma IV, Teknika, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: Nasri, M.T., M.Mar.E dan Pembimbing II: Capt. H. S. Sumardi, SH, MM., M.Mar Tangki adalah sebuah tempat penamungan yang bersifat sementara yang berada disebuah kapal, dimana fungsi dari tangki tersebut bisa digunakan untuk menyimpan suatu cairan atau gas yang akan digunakan atau akan di olah kembali maupun dibuang karena tidak bisa digunakan kembali. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode HAZOP dan USG. Metode untuk menentukan prioritas masalah yang ada. Adapun rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah faktor yang mengakibatkan kebocoran pada tangki, dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat kebocoran tangki, upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kebocoran pada tangki fore bilge tank. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa penyebab dari kebocoran pada tangki fore bilge tank adalah adanya faktor yang disebabkan oleh karat/korosi. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari faktor kebocoran tangki yaitu terjadinya dampak yang disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pengelasan atau menambal pada pelat tangki yang bocor. ABSTRACT Hexa Jehan Pradana, NIT. 51145475.T, 2019 “Analysis of leakage of fore bilge tank on MV. Shanthi Indah ”. Program Diploma IV, Technical, Marchant Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, 1st Supervision: Nasri, M.T., M.Mar.E. and 2nd Supervision: Capt. H. S. Sumardi, SH, MM., M.Mar Tank is a temporary shelter located in a ship,where the function of the tank can be used to store a liquid or gas that will be used or will be re-processed or dispoed of because it cannot be reused. The method used is the method of Hazop and USG . Method for determining the priority of existing problems. As for the formulation of the problem from this research is the factor that resulted in leakage in the tank. The impact caused by tank leakage. Efforts made to overcome the leak in the fore bilge tank. From the results of this study it was concluded that the cause of leakage in the fore bilge tank was the presence of factors caused by rust/corrosion. The impact caued by tank leakage factors is the impact caused by environmental factors. The effort made is to do welding or patching on the leaky tank plate

Loneliness among women with rheumatoid arthritis:A cross-cultural study in the Netherlands and Egypt

The objective of this study was to explain loneliness as experienced by women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a cross-cultural context. We studied 36 Egyptian female RA patients and 140 female Dutch RA patients.. Self-report data were collected about loneliness, physical and psychological health status, social support and social network, needs for help, attitudes and feelings of guilt. Loneliness was significantly higher among Egyptian (44.2 ± 32.3) than Dutch (12.9 ± 18.9) female RA patients (F = 54.3, p < 0.001). In Egypt, 36% of the variance of loneliness could be explained by worse affect (anxiety and depression; β = 0.51), fewer children (β = 0.31), and higher negative social support for the patients (β = 0.28) in multiple regression analysis. In the Netherlands, 35% of feeling lonely could be explained by worse affect scores (β = 0.52), less positive social support for the patients (β = 0.24), and a higher degree of disability (β = 0.21). Age of the patients and disease duration only explained 4% and 3% of the loneliness of RA patients in Egypt and the Netherlands, respectively. Female Egyptian RA patients experienced more loneliness than Dutch patients. Affect is the most important and constant variable in explaining loneliness in both countries. The role of the family in perceived loneliness is greater in Egypt than the Netherlands. Low social support received by patients is important in explaining loneliness in the Netherlands but not in Egypt

Theory of commensurable magnetic structures in holmium

The tendency for the period of the helically ordered moments in holmium to lock into values which are commensurable with the lattice is studied theoretically as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The commensurable effects are derived in the mean-field approximation from numerical calculations of the free energy of various commensurable structures, and the results are compared with the extensive experimental evidence collected during the last ten years on the magnetic structures in holmium. In general the stability of the different commensurable structures is found to be in accord with the experiments, except for the tau=5/18 structure observed a few degrees below T_N in a b-axis field. The trigonal coupling recently detected in holmium is found to be the interaction required to explain the increased stability of the tau=1/5 structure around 42 K, and of the tau=1/4 structure around 96 K, when a field is applied along the c-axis.Comment: REVTEX, 31 pages, 7 postscript figure

A mutual reference shape based on information theory

International audienceIn this paper, we propose to consider the estimation of a refer-ence shape from a set of different segmentation results using both active contours and information theory. The reference shape is defined as the minimum of a criterion that benefits from both the mutual information and the joint entropy of the input segmentations and called a mutual shape. This energy criterion is here justified using similarities between informa-tion theory quantities and area measures, and presented in a continuous variational framework. This framework brings out some interesting evaluation measures such as the speci-ficity and sensitivity. In order to solve this shape optimization problem, shape derivatives are computed for each term of the criterion and interpreted as an evolution equation of an active contour. Some synthetical examples allow us to cast the light on the difference between our mutual shape and an average shape. Our framework has been considered for the estimation of a mutual shape for the evaluation of cardiac segmentation methods in MRI

A public health approach for deciding policy on infant feeding and mother–infant contact in the context of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concern about the possibility and effects of mother–infant transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through breastfeeding and close contact. The insufficient available evidence has resulted in differing recommendations by health professional associations and national health authorities. We present an approach for deciding public health policy on infant feeding and mother–infant contact in the context of COVID-19, or for future emerging viruses, that balances the risks that are associated with viral infection against child survival, lifelong health, and development, and also maternal health. Using the Lives Saved Tool, we used available data to show how different public health approaches might affect infant mortality. Based on existing evidence, including population and survival estimates, the number of infant deaths in low-income and middle-income countries due to COVID-19 (2020–21) might range between 1800 and 2800. By contrast, if mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection are recommended to separate from their newborn babies and avoid or stop breastfeeding, additional deaths among infants would range between 188 000 and 273 000

Urgently seeking efficiency and sustainability of clinical trials in global health

This paper shows the scale of global health research and the context in which we frame the subsequent papers in the Series. In this Series paper, we provide a historical perspective on clinical trial research by revisiting the 1948 streptomycin trial for pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the first documented randomised clinical trial in the English language, and we discuss its close connection with global health. We describe the current state of clinical trial research globally by providing an overview of clinical trials that have been registered in the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry since 2010. We discuss challenges with current trial planning and designs that are often used in clinical trial research undertaken in low-income and middle-income countries, as an overview of the global health trials landscape. Finally, we discuss the importance of collaborative work in global health research towards generating sustainable and culturally appropriate research environments

Nitrate- and silicate-competition among antarctic phytoplankton

Natural phytoplankton from antarctic waters in the Drake Passage were used for competition experiments in semicontinuous cultures. The outcome of interspecific competition for silicate and nitrate was studied at a range of Si:N ratios (from 2.6:1 to 425:1) and at three different dilution rates. For five species Monod kinetics of silicate-and nitrate-limited growth has been established. Comparison between theoretical predictions derived from Monod kinetics and the outcome of competition experiments showed only minor deviations. Contrary to literature data, considerable depletion of nitrate was found in antarctic seawater. Both the concentrations of soluble silicate and of nitrate were too low to support maximum growth rates of some of the diatom species under investigation