Una evaluación de las tasas de mortalidad infantil en Colombia, 1980-2009

Purpose. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator of human welfare and development. However, in Colombia, the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) has set the registered rate for 2009 as 13.69 per 1,000 live births, while the estimated rate is 20.13, suggesting the presence of inconsistencies in the data, as in many other transitional economies. This paper aims to set the record straight on Colombia’s IMR reporting since 1980 by using all available data that have recently become public. Methodology. The study analyzes 8,636,510 records of live births (1998–2009) and 443,338 records of deaths (1979–2009), and considers information from various other sources such as the statistical yearbooks and survey results. An exponential function is used to estimate the IMRs in Colombia for 1980–2009 while resolving internal inconsistencies in the data from all sources. Findings. The analysis demonstrates that the registered and the estimated rates for 2009 are incompatible since they follow inconsistent long-term rates of decline in IMR. While the registered rate underestimates the real situation, the estimated rate appears to grossly overestimate it. Analyses, based on other sources, put the IMR between 15.81 and 17.58 in 2009, with rates of decline between 3.0 and 5.0 percent for the period 1980–2009. Value. The study concludes that during the period 1980–2009, the IMR for Colombia on average fell from about 54 to about 17, suggesting a long-term annual rate of decline of about 4.0 percent.Research Resources Icesi Universit

Participação comunitária na saúde: uma revisão narrativa à produção acadêmica baseada nas desigualdades sociais

This review aims to locate historically the developments of the concept of community participation in health, and its main aspects just as they have developed over the last decades. To do so, an analytical review is made of the existing main debates and controversies, startig with the origin and the development of community participation. To that end, the sociohistorical process of construction and conceptual development can be understood. The second part explores the conformation of a subfield within the social sciences that tries to approach community participation from the perspective of networks, starting from the paradigm of complexity. After evidencing some of the gaps within the literature that deals with the topic, the authors develop an analytical approach of community participation, which attempts to problematize the distinction between urbanity and rurality. The analysis centers its interest in the social actors, the context, the relations of power, the concept of community, and the interactions that occur within it.Esta revisión tiene por objetivo ubicar históricamente los desarrollos que ha tenido el concepto de participación comunitaria en salud, así como algunos de sus aspectos centrales, tal y como se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas. Para ello, se hace una revisión analítica de los principales debates y controversias existentes, a partir del origen y desarrollo de la participación comunitaria, de manera que se pueda comprender el proceso sociohistórico de construcción y el desarrollo conceptual. En la segunda parte, se explora la conformación de un subcampo dentro de las ciencias sociales que intenta abordar la participación comunitaria desde la perspectiva de redes, a partir del paradigma de la complejidad. Tras evidenciar algunos de los vacíos dentro de la literatura que trata el tema, se desarrolla una aproximación analítica a la participación comunitaria, la cual intenta problematizar la clásica distinción entre los conceptos de urbanidad y ruralidad. El análisis centra su interés en los actores sociales, los contextos, las relaciones de poder, el concepto de comunidad y las interacciones que se dan en su interior. Esta revisão tem como objetivo localizar historicamente os desenvolvimentos que o conceito de participação comunitária em saúde tem tido, bem como alguns de seus aspectos centrais, conforme foram desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas. Para isso, faz-se uma revisão analítica dos principais debates e controvérsias existentes, a partir da origem e desenvolvimento da participação da comunidade, a fim de compreender o processo sócio-histórico de construção de desenvolvimento conceitual. Na segunda parte, estuda-se a conformação de um subcampo dentro das ciências sociais que procura abordar a participação da comunidade a partir da perspectiva das redes, desde do paradigma da complexidade. Após evidenciar algumas lacunas na literatura que trata do tema, desenvolve-se uma abordagem analítica de participação comunitária, que procura problematizar a distinção clássica entre os conceitos de urbanidade e ruralidade. A análise concentra seu interesse em atores sociais, contextos, relações de poder, o conceito de comunidade e as interações que ocorrem no seu interior

Distribución estratégica de las artesanías de la etnia wayuu del departamento de la guajira en los mercados local, nacional e internacional

This research aims to analyze the strategic Wayùu handicrafts distribution of La Guajira department in the local, national and international markets, where the current strategic situation is diagnosed, the process approach is characterized, process ability is examined, the design strategy is identified, the demand strategy is characterized; localization marketing strategy is described in order to develop guidelines for establishing the strategic allocation required to undertake a marketing process with high levels of efficiency and effectiveness. This research is descriptive, is based on a non- experimental, descriptive field research, descriptive transactional court. Technical and data collection instrument was the direct survey, conducted at the Wayùu artisans, marketers and consumers.El presente artículo científico, producto de investigación finalizada, tiene como objetivo analizar la distribución estratégica de las artesanías de la etnia wayuu del Departamento de La Guajira en los mercados local, nacional e internacional donde se diagnostica la situación estratégica actual; se caracteriza el enfoque de proceso; se examina la capacidad de proceso; se identifica la estrategia de diseño; se caracteriza la estrategia de demanda; se describe la estrategia de localización de la comercialización de dichas artesanías con el fin de formular lineamientos para establecer la distribución estratégica necesaria para llevar a cabo un proceso de comercialización con altos niveles de eficiencia y eficacia. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva, se fundamenta en una investigación no experimental, descriptiva de campo, de corte transaccionales descriptivos; la técnica e instrumento de recolección de datos fue la encuesta directa, aplicada a las poblaciones artesanas wayuu, empresas comercializadoras y consumidores

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

男女間の不平等と脳の性差 --男女間の不平等は脳構造の性差と関連する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-05-10.Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7, 876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Observation of the Production of Three Massive Gauge Bosons at root s=13 TeV

The first observation is reported of the combined production of three massive gauge bosons (VVV with V = W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The searches for individualWWW, WWZ, WZZ, and ZZZ production are performed in final states with three, four, five, and six leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-sign leptons plus one or two jets. The observed (expected) significance of the combinedVVV production signal is 5.7 (5.9) standard deviations and the corresponding measured cross section relative to the standard model prediction is 1.02(-0.23)(+0.26). The significances of the individual WWW and WWZ production are 3.3 and 3.4 standard deviations, respectively. Measured production cross sections for the individual triboson processes are also reported