Динамика физического развития и физической подготовленности студентов ВГМУ основного медицинского отделения в процессе обучения на 1-4 курсах

GOALS OF WORK: Staff members in palliative home care play an important role in supporting bereaved family members. The aim of this study was to explore staff members' perspectives on providing such support. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Staff members in six units responded (n = 120; response rate 58%) to a postal questionnaire with Likert-type and open-ended questions. The responses were analyzed using statistics and manifest content analysis. MAIN RESULTS: None of the respondents stated that bereavement follow-up was "most often difficult," 23% "most often rather difficult," 52.5% "most often rather easy," and 12.5% "most often easy." Apart from a tendency for age to be linked to perceived difficulty, there were no apparent patterns. Bereavement follow-up was a positive opportunity to support the family member's coping with their bereavement and to get feedback on the palliative care provided. Critical aspects concerned the question of whose needs actually were being met at bereavement follow-up, i.e., the staff members' needs for getting feedback on the care provided versus the risk of burdening the family members' by reminding them of the deceased's dying trajectory. Aspects that negatively influenced the staff members' experiences were complex and related, e.g., to the family member's dissatisfaction with the care provided, to the staff member's perceived lack of competence, and to the staff member's relationship to the family member. CONCLUSIONS: Bereavement follow-up was perceived as a rewarding conclusion to the relationship with the family member. The findings suggest that meaning-based coping might be an appropriate framework when understanding staff members' experiences with providing bereavement follow-up.The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com: Anna Milberg, Gudrun Appelquist, Eva Hagelin, Maria Jakobsson, Eva-Carin Olsson, Maria Olsson and Maria Friedrichsen, "A rewarding conclusion of the relationship": staff members' perspectives on providing bereavement follow-up, 2011, Supportive Care in Cancer, (19), 1, 37-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0786-0 Copyright: Springer International http://www.springerlink.com

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays

The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference

Språkligt perspektiv på naturvetenskap och matematik. En undersökning om hur texters uppbyggnad påverkar förståelsen av de begrepp som beskrivs

Den språkliga uppbyggnaden av en text påverkar förståelsen av de fenomen som texten beskriver. Det naturvetenskapliga och matematiska språket är abstrakt, objektivt, informationsorienterat, kortfattat och har syntaktisk vaghet. Genom att språket är så tätt kan det vara svårt att avgöra vad satsen säger och därmed går förståelsen förlorad. Språket kan jämföras med ett andraspråk. Eleven/läsaren behöver lära sig detta språk för att förstå innebörden i texten. Vår hypotes är att elevers förståelse inom matematik och naturvetenskapliga ämnen påverkas av språket och dess uppbyggnad. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka om hypotesen är sann. Hypotesen testades genom en experimentell undersökning med enkäter där populationen utgjordes av gymnasieelever i årskurs 1. Vi har beskrivit tre olika fenomen med koppling till ämnena fysik, kemi och matematik: elektrisk spänning, fotosyntes- respektive ekvationer. För varje fenomen har vi två olika texter. En traditionell matematisk/naturvetenskaplig såsom den är i läroböckerna, och en berättande. Likvärdig och överensstämmande information förmedlas i de båda texterna. Den berättande texten kännetecknas av en närvaro där en berättarröst vänder sig till en läsare och ger beskrivningar på flera olika sätt. Språket i de matematiskt/naturvetenskapliga är passivt och kortfattat. Ett antal frågor har inkluderats i enkäten för att i möjligaste mån täcka in övriga variabler som kan påverka bergreppsförståelsen. Resultaten av enkäterna har analyserats med statistisk variansanalys med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS och Excel. För ett antal av våra olika svarsalternativ håller hypotesen med tillägget att det finns en interaktionseffekt med elevernas språkbakgrund

Measurement and Modelling using Surface Complexation of Cation (II to VI) Sorption onto Mineral Oxides

The aim of this work was to experimentally and theoretically study some surface complexation models and how well these can be applied to a simple system. This is done while keeping in mind the interest in including some type of chemical model in performance assessment calculations for much more complex systems. One matter if importance has been that it should be possible to determine all the input parameters that affect the prediction of the sorption. This work contains studies of the sorption of five different cations, and the results have been interpreted in terms of surface complexation models. Sorption has been studied as a function of pH, concentration of sorbing cation and ionic strength using a radioactive tracer. The results of the sorption studies are presented as the distribution ratio with respect to surface area (Ka) between the phases as a function of pH or concentration. Some comparisons of the results are made with other sorption studies of similar character in the literature. None of the cations studied in this work have shown a dependence on ionic strength. Different surface complexation modeling approaches were employed in this work. All the sorption data on TiO2) were fitted with a non electrostatic model, which does not include the effect of the charge build-up of the surface on the sorption. The input parameters of the surface complexation models are discussed and the impact of these on the fitting of the models to the data have been examined. To investigate the effect of some parameters that are difficult to determine experimentally, their values have been varied in the fitting. It was found that a simple 1-pK non electrostatic model could fit all the sorption data onto TiO2 satisfactorily with no indeterminable input parameters. So far, the model might thus be useful. However, the model was not able to fit the sorption behaviour at high concentrations. If a model is to be employed in such a case, it must be extended by including some kind of surface precipitation or other reaction to be able to model the observed isotherm

Measurement and Modelling using Surface Complexation of Cation (II to VI) Sorption onto Mineral Oxides

The aim of this work was to experimentally and theoretically study some surface complexation models and how well these can be applied to a simple system. This is done while keeping in mind the interest in including some type of chemical model in performance assessment calculations for much more complex systems. One matter if importance has been that it should be possible to determine all the input parameters that affect the prediction of the sorption. This work contains studies of the sorption of five different cations, and the results have been interpreted in terms of surface complexation models. Sorption has been studied as a function of pH, concentration of sorbing cation and ionic strength using a radioactive tracer. The results of the sorption studies are presented as the distribution ratio with respect to surface area (Ka) between the phases as a function of pH or concentration. Some comparisons of the results are made with other sorption studies of similar character in the literature. None of the cations studied in this work have shown a dependence on ionic strength. Different surface complexation modeling approaches were employed in this work. All the sorption data on TiO2) were fitted with a non electrostatic model, which does not include the effect of the charge build-up of the surface on the sorption. The input parameters of the surface complexation models are discussed and the impact of these on the fitting of the models to the data have been examined. To investigate the effect of some parameters that are difficult to determine experimentally, their values have been varied in the fitting. It was found that a simple 1-pK non electrostatic model could fit all the sorption data onto TiO2 satisfactorily with no indeterminable input parameters. So far, the model might thus be useful. However, the model was not able to fit the sorption behaviour at high concentrations. If a model is to be employed in such a case, it must be extended by including some kind of surface precipitation or other reaction to be able to model the observed isotherm

Measurement and modeling of Th sorption onto TiO2

The sorption and desorption of Th onto TiO2 (10 gn) was studied as a function of pH (1-11), ionic strength (0.005-0.1 M NaCl, NaClO4), thorium concentration (from 1 x 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-2) M), and carbonate concentration (up to 10-2 M) using Th-234 tracer. The results indicate the reversible formation of an inner sphere complex with a strong pH dependence. No effect of the carbonate on sorption could be measured in the pH range investigated (5-10.5), The data were fitted with five different conceptual models (constant capacitance, diffuse layer, Stern, triple layer, and a nonelectrostatic model) using FITEQL. Different hydroxy complex surface reactions were tried, one at a time, varying the site density (1-12 sites/nm(2)). The reaction that provided the best fit depended strongly on the surface site density and the model used. To be able to fit a reaction to the pH-dependent data with the compact layer models, the effect of the electrostatic term had to be decreased by decreasing the site density below 5 sites/nm(2). None of the electrostatic models could be used to fit all of the isotherm data. The nonelectrostatic model could be used to reasonably fit both the pH-dependent and isotherm data

Measurement and modeling of Th sorption onto TiO2

The sorption and desorption of Th onto TiO2 (10 gn) was studied as a function of pH (1-11), ionic strength (0.005-0.1 M NaCl, NaClO4), thorium concentration (from 1 x 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-2) M), and carbonate concentration (up to 10-2 M) using Th-234 tracer. The results indicate the reversible formation of an inner sphere complex with a strong pH dependence. No effect of the carbonate on sorption could be measured in the pH range investigated (5-10.5), The data were fitted with five different conceptual models (constant capacitance, diffuse layer, Stern, triple layer, and a nonelectrostatic model) using FITEQL. Different hydroxy complex surface reactions were tried, one at a time, varying the site density (1-12 sites/nm(2)). The reaction that provided the best fit depended strongly on the surface site density and the model used. To be able to fit a reaction to the pH-dependent data with the compact layer models, the effect of the electrostatic term had to be decreased by decreasing the site density below 5 sites/nm(2). None of the electrostatic models could be used to fit all of the isotherm data. The nonelectrostatic model could be used to reasonably fit both the pH-dependent and isotherm data