69 research outputs found
AGEs induce alterations of sphingolipids metabolism in the liver of genetically- and diet-induced diabetic mice
Genetic deletion of RAGE in db/db mice interferes in the liver with other AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxifying systems sustaining lipogenesis and inflammation
Deletion of RAGE fails to prevent hepatosteatosis in obese mice due to impairment of other AGEs receptors and detoxifying systems
Abstract Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are involved in several diseases, including NAFLD and NASH. RAGE is the main receptor mediating the pro-inflammatory signalling induced by AGEs. Therefore, targeting of RAGE has been proposed for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of RAGE in the development of NAFLD and NASH remains poorly understood. We thus aimed to analyse the effect of obesity on AGEs accumulation, AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxification, and whether the absence of RAGE might improve hepatosteatosis and inflammation, by comparing the liver of lean control, obese (LeptrDbâ/â) and obese RAGE-deficient (RAGEâ/â LeptrDbâ/â) mice. Obesity induced AGEs accumulation and RAGE expression with hepatosteatosis and inflammation in LeptrDbâ/â, compared to lean controls. Despite the genetic deletion of RAGE in the LeptrDbâ/â mice, high levels of intrahepatic AGEs were maintained accompanied by decreased expression of the protective AGE-receptor-1, impaired AGE-detoxifying system glyoxalase-1, and increased expression of the alternative AGE-receptor galectin-3. We also found sustained hepatosteatosis and inflammation as determined by persistent activation of the lipogenic SREBP1c and proinflammatory NLRP3 signalling pathways. Thus, RAGE targeting is not effective in the prevention of NAFLD in conditions of obesity, likely due to the direct liver specific crosstalk of RAGE with other AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxifying systems
Deletion of RAGE fails to prevent hepatosteatosis in obese mice due to impairment of other AGEs receptors and detoxifying systems
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are involved in several diseases, including NAFLD and NASH. RAGE is the main receptor mediating the pro-inflammatory signalling induced by AGEs. Therefore, targeting of RAGE has been proposed for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of RAGE in the development of NAFLD and NASH remains poorly understood. We thus aimed to analyse the effect of obesity on AGEs accumulation, AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxification, and whether the absence of RAGE might improve hepatosteatosis and inflammation, by comparing the liver of lean control, obese (LeptrDbâ/â) and obese RAGE-deficient (RAGEâ/â LeptrDbâ/â) mice. Obesity induced AGEs accumulation and RAGE expression with hepatosteatosis and inflammation in LeptrDbâ/â, compared to lean controls. Despite the genetic deletion of RAGE in the LeptrDbâ/â mice, high levels of intrahepatic AGEs were maintained accompanied by decreased expression of the protective AGE-receptor-1, impaired AGE-detoxifying system glyoxalase-1, and increased expression of the alternative AGE-receptor galectin-3. We also found sustained hepatosteatosis and inflammation as determined by persistent activation of the lipogenic SREBP1c and proinflammatory NLRP3 signalling pathways. Thus, RAGE targeting is not effective in the prevention of NAFLD in conditions of obesity, likely due to the direct liver specific crosstalk of RAGE with other AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxifying systems
Geldanamycin Derivative Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Renal Failure in Diabetes
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of longstanding diabetes and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress may play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induce peroxynitrite generation in primary human kidney mesangial cells and heat shock protein 90ÎČ1 (hsp90ÎČ1) is indispensable for the PUFA action. Here we investigated the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on kidney function and structure of db/db mice, a widely used rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Our results indicated that HFD dramatically increased the 24 h-urine output and worsened albuminuria in db/db mice. Discontinuation of HFD reversed the exacerbated albuminuria but not the increased urine output. Prolonged HFD feeding resulted in early death of db/db mice, which was associated with oliguria and anuria. Treatment with the geldanamycin derivative, 17-(dimethylaminoehtylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), an hsp90 inhibitor, preserved kidney function, and ameliorated glomerular and tubular damage by HFD. 17-DMAG also significantly extended survival of the animals and protected them from the high mortality associated with renal failure. The benefit effect of 17-DMAG on renal function and structure was associated with a decreased level of kidney nitrotyrosine and a diminished kidney mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux in HFD-fed db/db mice. These results suggest that hsp90ÎČ1 is a potential target for the treatment of nephropathy and renal failure in diabetes
Palliative care professionalsâ willingness to perform euthanasia or physician assisted suicide
Extracellular vesicles and their nucleic acids for biomarker discovery
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous population of vesicles originate from cells. EVs are found in different biofluids and carry different macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, providing a snap shot of the parental cells at the time of release. EVs have the ability to transfer molecular cargoes to other cells and can initiate different physiological and pathological processes. Mounting lines of evidence demonstrated that EVs' cargo and machinery is affected in disease states, positioning EVs as potential sources for the discovery of novel biomarkers.
In this review, we demonstrate a conceptual overview of the EV field with particular focus on their nucleic acid cargoes. Current knowledge of EV subtypes, nucleic acid cargo and pathophysiological roles are outlined, with emphasis placed on advantages against competing analytes. We review the utility of EVs and their nucleic acid cargoes as biomarkers and critically assess the newly available advances in the field of EV biomarkers and high throughput technologies. Challenges to achieving the diagnostic potential of EVs, including sample handling, EV isolation, methodological considerations, and bioassay reproducibility are discussed. Future implementation of âomics-based technologies and integration of systems biology approaches for the development of EV-based biomarkers and personalized medicine are also considered
Exploring the borderlands of neuroscience and social science
The field of social cognitive affective neuroscience seems to overcome long-term problems undermining old-fashioned cognitive neuroscience, such as its reductionist approach; its exclusion of affect, body, and culture in the comprehension of mental phenomena; and its propensity towards isolationist models over integrative or multilevel theories of neurocognition. Moreover, in this developing field, centuries-old arguments of incommensurability between natural and human sciences can be reframed as little more than pseudoproblems. The apparent paradigm shift inherent in social cognitive neuroscience entails new conceptual, methodological, metatheoretical, and aesthetic questions. Also, it gives rise to novel problems as it taxes the boundaries with other disciplines. Many of these dynamical tensions among related fields of knowledge, which are often left implicit, continue to change across domains and periods. Here we chart such new borderlands and summarize the contributions comprised in the present book. Neuroscience and Social Science: The Missing Link engages empirical researchers and theorists around the world in an attempt to integrate perspectives from many disciplines it addresses, separating real from spurious divides between them, and delineating new challenges for future investigation. The volume is organized in four sections. Section A is devoted to neuroscientific research on specific domains of social cognition, ranging from social emotions, negotiation, and cooperation, interpersonal coordination, to empathy and morality. Section B focuses on the impact of social neuroscience in specific social spheres, namely: the clinical field, psychotherapeutic settings, and the mass media. Section C encompasses works on the integration of social and neuroscientific insights to contribute to matters as pressing as poverty, socioeconomic inequality, health and wellbeing. Finally, Section D offers philosophical contributions on theoretical, methodological, and even ethical questions arising from this promising interdisciplinary encounter. Through this wide-ranging proposal, the volume promotes novel reflections on a much-needed marriage while opening opportunities for social neuroscience to plunge from the laboratory into the core of social life.Fil: Ibanez Barassi, Agustin Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. FundaciĂłn Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Sedeño, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. FundaciĂłn Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: GarcĂa, Adolfo MartĂn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. FundaciĂłn Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de EducaciĂłn Elemental y Especial; Argentina. Instituto de NeurologĂa Cognitiva. Laboratorio de PsicologĂa Experimental y Neurociencia; Argentin
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