Educação dos imigrantes japoneses em Dourados / MS: dos valores familiares à concepção escolar na cultura nipo-brasileira

As diversas imigrações tuteladas ao Brasil tiveram importância econômica e social para a construção da nação. Questões essas que igualmente ocorreram com a imigração japonesa. Nesse sentido, este artigo teve como objetivo compreender as figurações da educação formal e informal da comunidade nipo-brasileira em Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, no curso do processo civilizador. Por meio de fontes documentais e orais, a História Oral corroborou no processo metodológico da investigação acerca das redes de interdependências entre brasileiros e japoneses. Percebeu-se que os valores familiares da educação informal, reforçados na escola de uma educação formal, consolidou um habitus fundamental para a permanência do grupo na região estudada. Imersos nesse processo, os imigrantes japoneses acabaram regulando e autorregulando o comportamento, enquanto “segunda natureza”. Além disso, os participantes da pesquisa demonstraram o sucesso obtido pela escolha de terem vindo ao Brasil, evidenciando a persistência nipônica fundamental à formação de sua personalidade, empreendido na força do trabalho árduo. Suportar com paciência e superar nos esforços, mais do que sofrimento e dificuldades transpassados, a autodisciplina e a dedicação empreendidos na jornada, resultaram na conquista e no sucesso de viver em um país totalmente diferente do mundo conservado em suas memórias

Nipo-Sul-Mato-Grossense Culture of Dourados: possible bodies

Mais de 1,5 milhão de cidadãos brasileiros com ascendência japonesa constituem a comunidade nikkei no Brasil. Sendo assim, esta tese buscou compreender sobre o corpo na prática cotidiana nipo-sul-mato-grossense da cidade de Dourados. Existência bi-partida, fronteiriça, multicultural do que é ser nipo-douradense. Enquanto objetivos específicos, o foco foi conhecer as instituições que produzem representações das práticas do ser japonês na cidade, entender como os corpos se relacionam com suas referências pela cultura híbrida e de quais estratégias e táticas se apropriam em suas práticas entre as diferentes gerações de nikkeis. Dessa maneira, foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa fontes documentais (atas, jornais, boletins, regulamentos, etc.) e fontes iconográficas (fotografias), além de um questionário semiestruturado aplicado via Google Formulário, que contou com a participação de 42 entrevistados, sendo os dados reunidos em 2021. A partir da análise realizada, observou-se que, no corpo do grupo estudado, resultou a subjugação das regras e dos deslocamentos promovidos pelas instituições que legitimam a cultura japonesa oferecendo estratégias de existência e sentido de vida. Mesmo impregnado de aspirações institucionais estruturadas e do lugar praticado, ainda que, muitas vezes, de modo inconsciente, o corpo vive uma cultura híbrida, isto é, uma polissemia que envolve um não ser japonês e um não ser brasileiro decodificado na combinação dos desencontros do ordinário do ser nikkei e do ser nipo-brasileiro. Nessa perspectiva, esta tese argumenta sobre o movimento do corpo nipodouradense na arte de se inventar no cotidiano.More than 1.5 million Brazilian citizens of Japanese descent make up the nikkei community in Brazil. Therefore, this thesis went through the proposal of understanding about the body in Japanese-south-Mato-Grossense daily practices of Dourados. Bipartite, borderline, multicultural existence of what it means to be Japanese-Douradian. As specific objectives, it tried to know the institutions that experienced representations of practices of being Japanese in the city, how the bodies relate to their references through the hybrid culture and what strategies and tactics are appropriated in their practices among the different generations of nikkei. In this way, the research instruments used were documentary sources (minutes, newspapers, bulletins, regulations, etc.) and iconographic sources such as photographs, in addition to the semi-structured manual via Google Form, based on 42 participants, with data produced in 2021. From the analysis carried out, it was observed that, in the body of the thought group, resulted in the subjugation of the rules and displacements promoted by the institutions that legitimize the Japanese culture, offering strategies of existence and meaning of life. Even impregnated with structured institutional aspirations and the practiced place, even if, often, unconsciously, the body lives a hybrid culture, that is, a polysemy that involves a Japanese non-being and a Brazilian non-being decoded in the combination of the disagreements of the ordinary of being Nikkei and being Japanese-Brazilian. From this perspective, this thesis argues about the movement of the Japanese-Douradian body in the art of inventing oneself in everyday life

Stimulant and motivational effects of alcohol: Lessons from rodent and primate models

In several animal species including humans, the acute administration of low doses of alcohol increasesmotor activity. Different theories have postulated that alcohol-induced hyperactivity is causally related to alcoholism.Moreover, a common biological mechanism in the mesolimbic dopamine system has been proposed to mediate the stimulant and motivational effects of alcohol. Numerous studies have examined whether alcohol-induced hyperactivity is related to alcoholism using a great variety of animal models and several animal species. However, there is no review that has summarized this extensive literature. In this article, we present the various experimental models that have been used to study the relationship between the stimulant and motivational effects of alcohol in rodents and primates. Furthermore, we discuss whether the theories hypothesizing a causal link between alcohol-induced hyperactivity and alcoholism are supported by published results. The reviewed findings indicate that animal species that are stimulated by alcohol also exhibit alcohol preference. Additionally, the role of dopamine in alcohol-induced hyperactivity is well established since blocking dopaminergic activity suppresses the stimulant effects of alcohol. However, dopamine transmission plays a much more complex function in the motivational properties of alcohol and the neuronal mechanisms involved in alcohol stimulation and reward are distinct. Overall, the current review provides mixed support for theories suggesting that the stimulant effects of alcohol are related to alcoholism and highlights the importance of animal models as a way to gain insight into alcoholism

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq