24 research outputs found
Comparison of 3 analytical techniques for the extraction and determination of 5 possible contaminants in food contact recycled materials.
Climate change and ecological crises have become pressing matters to Europe and the world. In an attempt to put a halt to the massive production of packaging waste, the European Standardization Organisation (CENELEC) has developed harmonized standards to promote reuse, recycling, and other forms of recovering packaging waste. However, when implemented in the food and beverage industry, possible contaminants present in these recycled packaging materials could compromise public health. The present study is part of an ongoing research aiming to develop fast, simple, and reliable analytical methods to identify such contaminants in recycled materials intended to come in contact with foodstuffs. To this end, three extraction methods were developed and assessed regarding their effectiveness and accuracy in isolating a mixture of five possible contaminants [Benzophenone (BP), 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DiPN), 2,7-Diisopropylnaphthalene (2,7-DiPN), o-Terphenyl (o-TPH), and m-Terphenyl (m-TPH)] in samples of recycled paperboard materials: the Soxtec Extraction (SE), the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and the Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME. The HS-SPME analysis, with the use of Polydimethylsiloxane/ Divinylbenzene SPME fiber, yielded the best analytical results compared to the other two. Accordingly, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) further supported these results
Urban thoracic trauma: diagnosis and initial treatment of non-cardiac injuries in adults.
This comprehensive review aims to delineate the prevailing non-cardiac thoracic injuries occurring in urban environments following initial on-site treatment and subsequent admission to hospital emergency departments. Our study involved a rigorous search within the PubMed database, employing key phrases and their combinations, including "thoracic injury," "thoracic trauma," "haemothorax," "lung contusion," "traumatic pneumothorax," "rib fractures," and "flail chest." We focused on original research articles and reviews. Non-cardiac thoracic injuries exhibit a high prevalence, often affecting poly-trauma patients, and contributing to up to 35% of polytrauma-related fatalities. Furthermore, severe thoracic injuries can result in a substantial 5% mortality rate. This review provides insights into clinical entities such as lung contusion, traumatic haemothorax, pneumothorax, rib fractures, and sternal fractures. Thoracic injuries represent a frequent and significant clinical concern for emergency department physicians and thoracic surgeons, warranting thorough understanding and timely intervention
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Correction to: Letter to the Editor: comment on ‘Breast-conserving surgery with intraoperative radiotherapy in recurrent breast cancer: the patient's perspective’ by Elfgen et al.
Letter to the Editor: comment on ‘Breast-conserving surgery with intraoperative radiotherapy in recurrent breast cancer: the patient's perspective’ by Elfgen et al.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer Using Short Time Injection Protocol and Intraoperative Freehand SPECT Imaging
Study of signaling pathways implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition in phyllodes breast tumors
Phyllodes breast tumors (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, currently classified as benign, borderline and malignant. PTs can recur locally and may have metastatic potential. They are biphasic neoplasms consisting of epithelial and stromal components, therefore they can serve as an excellent model of epithelial-stromal interactions in vivo. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenotypic conversion that takes place in physiological processes such as embryogenesis and wound healing, as well as in fibrotic diseases and cancer. There is an emerging theory that EMT contributes to tumor progression not only by facilitating migration and invasion, but also by generating cells with a hybrid phenotype and properties of stemness, evasion of apoptosis and chemoresistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of multiple EMT associated factors in relation to tumor grade in phyllodes breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, the dual functio n protein β-catenin involved in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling as well, the mesenchymal markers vimentin and N-cadherin, the EMT activating transcription factors ZEB1, Snail1, Twist1 and the ΕΜΤ inducer integrin linked kinase (ILK) was evaluated in 96 FFPE human phyllodes breast tumors [48/96 (50%) benign, 27/96 (28,1%) borderline and 21/96 (21,9%) malignant]. Results: An EMT-associated immunohistochemical expression profile consisting of decreased membranous and increased nuclear/cytoplasmic immunopositivity of E-cadherin and β-catenin, as well as increased expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail1, ZEB1 and Twist1 was detected in both the epithelial and the stromal tumor cells, and significantly correlated to advanced tumor grade. Cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity of ILK was observed in the epithelial and the stromal component of phyllodes breast tumors and was significantly higher in borderline/malignant tumors. We found a significant correlation of ILK expression with all of the EMT markers examined. Conclusion: The program of EMT is activated in phyllodes breast tumors and is related to tumor grade, thus contributing to tumor progression. ILK is also implicated in the pathogenesis of borderline/malignant phyllodes tumors and probably exerts its tumor-promoting action through an EMT-mediated mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the role of ZEB1 and ILK in phyllodes breast tumors pathogenesis.Οι φυλλοειδείς όγκοι του μαστού είναι σπάνια ινοεπιθηαλικά νεοπλάσματα με ικανότητα τοπικής υποτροπής και δυναμικό μετάστασης, και ταξινομούνται με βάση ιστολογικά κριτήρια σε καλοήθεις, οριακής κακοήθειας και κακοήθεις. Είναι διφασικοί όγκοι που αποτελούνται από επιθηλιακό και από στρωματικό στοιχείο και επομένως αποτελούν άριστο μοντέλο μελέτης των αλληλεπιδράσεων επιθηλιακών και μεσεγχυματικών κυττάρων in vivo. Η επιθηλιομεσεγχυματική μετατροπή (ΕΜΤ), ένα κυτταρικό πρόγραμμα μέσω του οποίου τα επιθηλιακά κύτταρα αποκτούν μεσεγχυματικό φαινότυπο, ενεργοποιείται φυσιολογικά στην εμβρυογένεση και στην επούλωση τραυμάτων και παθολογικά στον καρκίνο και σε καταστάσεις ίνωσης. Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει αναδυθεί η άποψη ότι η ΕΜΤ συνεισφέρει όχι μόνο στη διηθητική ικανότητα του καρκίνου, αλλά οδηγεί ως διαδικασία που δεν είναι όλον ή ουδέν, σε ενδιάμεσους φαινότυπους κυττάρων που διαθέτουν ιδιότητες βλαστοκυττάρων, ικανότητα αποφυγής της απόπτωσης και χημειοανθεκτικότητα. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο θελήσαμε να μελετήσουμε την έκφραση μορίων που εμπλέκονται σε διάφορα επίπεδα στο φαινόμενο ΕΜΤ σε σχέση με τον ιστολογικό τύπο των φυλλοειδών όγκων. Υλικό – Μέθοδος: 96 ιστικά δείγματα μονιμοποιημένα σε φορμόλη και εγκλεισμένα σε παραφίνη ασθενών με φυλλοειδείς όγκους [48/96 (50%) καλοήθεις, 27/96 (28,1%) οριακής κακοήθειας και 21/96 (21,9%) κακοήθεις] μελετήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο της ανοσοϊστοχημείας ως προς την έκφραση του επιθηλιακού δείκτη Ε-καντχερίνη, της β-κατενίνης με τον πολυεπίπεδο ρόλο της τόσο στην κυτταρική προσκόλληση, όσο και στη μεταγωγή σήματος, των μεσεγχυματικών δεικτών βιμεντίνης και Ν-καντχερίνης, των μεταγραφικών παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με την ενεργοποίηση της ΕΜΤ ZEB1, Snail1, Twist1 και τέλος της integrin-linked kinase (ILK) που είναι γνωστό ότι επάγει την ΕΜΤ. Αποτελέσματα: Παρατηρήσαμε ένα πρότυπο ανοσοϊστοχημικής έκφρασης συμβατό με διαδικασία τύπου ΕΜΤ, δηλαδή μείωση της μεμβρανικής και αύξηση της κυτταροπλασματικής/πυρηνικής έκφρασης της Ε-καντχερίνης και της β-κατενίνης, καθώς και αυξημένη έκφραση της βιμεντίνης, Ν-καντχερίνης, Snail1, ZEB1, και Twist1 τόσο στο επιθηλιακό όσο και στο μεσεγχυματικό στοιχείο των όγκων, που σχετίστηκε μάλιστα με τους οριακής κακοήθειας και κακοήθεις όγκους. Επίσης, παρατηρήσαμε κυτταροπλασματικής και πυρηνικής εντόπισης ανοσοθετικότητα της ILK, τόσο στα επιθηλιακά όσο και στα μεσεγχυματικά κύτταρα, που ήταν αυξημένη στους οριακής κακοήθειας και κακοήθεις όγκους και σχετίστηκε σημαντικά με όλους τους λοιπούς δείκτες ΕΜΤ που μελετήσαμε. Συμπέρασμα: Το φαινόμενο της ΕΜΤ ενεργοποιείται στην περίπτωση των φυλλοειδών όγκων του μαστού, συμβάλλοντας στην παθογένεια των όγκων που ανήκουν στις κατηγορίες οριακής κακοήθειας και κακοήθεις. Η ILK επίσης συμβάλλει στην παθογένεια των φυλλοειδών όγκων με επιθετικό ιστολογικό τύπο, ασκώντας της ογκογόνο της δράση, πιθανόν μέσω ΕΜΤ. Από όσο γνωρίζουμε η παρούσα είναι η πρώτη μελέτη στη βιβλιογραφία που εμπλέκει τον ΖΕΒ1 και την ILK στην παθογένεια των φυλλοειδών όγκων
