Study of the Brazil and Falkland currents using their images of Nimbus 5 and oceanographic data in 1972 - 1973

The Western Edge of the Sub-tropical Convergence of the South-western Atlantic Ocean, called the Front, which is a thermal discontinuity between the Brazil and Falkland Currents, was studied utilizing the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) of Nimbus V in the 10.5 to 12.5 micrometers channel and historical oceanographic data. Some important results obtained are: the oceanographic Front could be detected from Nimbus THIR data; oceanographic charts showed that the transition zone where the Brazil and the Falkland Currents meet was the Front detected from satellite data; ocean current speeds calculated with THIR data were of the same order of magnitude as those calculated oceanographically; fisheries statistics for Pargo Roseo showed that the maximum catches were in September of 1973, in the period when the Front was observed most distinctly and clearly. The results showed the great potentiality of satellite data to study surface thermal structures, surface currents and oceanic fisheries

Seedling vigor variation among 80 recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSL) of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

del Pozo, A (del Pozo, Alejandro). Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Agr, Talca, Chile.Seedling vigor of 80 recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSL) of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Cien. Inv. Agr. 38 (1): 137-147. The seedling vigor of 80 barley recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) was measured for selecting high seedling vigor genotypes. The RCSLs were derived from a cross between H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum and H. vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Harrington'. The work was carried out under greenhouse conditions during the summer of 2008. The experimental design was an alpha lattice with 3 replicates. In each replicate, 40 plants were established, distributed in eight polyethylene pots containing sand as substrate, which were fertilized an irrigated. The emergence of seedlings, number of leaves and shoots, dry matter of leaves, shoots and roots and leaf area of fully expanded leaves were measured. In addition, growth indices were calculated: emergence rate, leaf appearance rate, relative leaf expansion rate, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and the allometric coefficient (K) between root and shoot thy matter. All calculated indices varied significantly among genotypes (P <= 0.05) and some RCSLs showed better early vigor associated traits than 'Harrington'. The dry matter accumulation 30 DAS (when the experiment ended) was significant and positively correlated with the RGR (r=0.61; P <= 0.05) and NAR (r=0.41; P <= 0.05). The K coefficient was negatively correlated with NAR (r=-0.40, P <= 0.05). The genotypes with the greatest seminal vigor were the RCSLs 45, 92, 112 and 'Harrington', whereas the RCSLs 5, 19,47 and 121 presented the lowest seminal vigor

Inclusion and diversity: New challenges for chilean curricular policy. Reflections from curriculum theory and social justice

En el contexto de una nueva política de educación pública en Chile y de lineamientos curriculares para ella, se hace presente la necesidad de avanzar hacia la inclusión educativa en estas materias, desde la perspectiva de derechos. El siguiente trabajo propone la inclusión educativa y la diversidad como nuevos desafíos y ejes articuladores para la política curricular chilena desde la mirada de la teoría curricular y la justicia social, considerando las recomendaciones realizadas por diversos actores y la Unidad de Currículum y Evaluación del Ministerio de Educación durante el año 2016, con el objetivo de aportar a la reflexión teórico-curricular en el paísIn the context of a new public education policy in Chile and curricular guidelines for it, there is a need to move towards educational inclusion in these matters, from the perspective of rights. The following work proposes educational inclusion and diversity as new challenges and articulating axes for the Chilean curricular policy, from the perspective of the curriculum theory and social justice, considering the recommendations made by different actors and the Curriculum and Evaluation Unit from the Ministry of Education during 2016, with the objective to contribute to the theoretical-curricular reflection in the countr

Native Chilean Fruits and the Effects of their Functional Compounds on Human Health

In recent years, there has been great interest in the nutraceutical compounds of fruits from native Chilean plant species. In this context, fruits of Amomyrtus meli (Meli), Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui), Berberis microphylla (Calafate), Luma apiculata (Arrayán), Luma chequén (Chequén), and Ugni molinae (Murtilla) growing predominantly in Chilean forests have been studied. This chapter has compiled the existing information about antioxidant activity and antioxidant compound contents of the above mentioned fruit species and their association with the prevention of pathophysiological disorders in humans, such as inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Results show that the antioxidant compounds of these species, particularly anthocyanins, decrease inflammation as well as the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, consumption of these fruits is a good alternative for preventing cardiovascular and age-related diseases and pathophysiological disorders

Stirred, not shaken: Star cluster survival in the slingshot scenario

We investigate the effects of an oscillating gas filament on the dynamics of its embedded stellar clusters. Motivated by recent observational constraints, we model the host gas filament as a cylindrically symmetrical potential, and the star cluster as a Plummer sphere. In the model, the motion of the filament will produce star ejections from the cluster, leaving star cluster remnants that can be classified into four categories: a) Filament Associated clusters, which retain most of their particles (stars) inside the cluster and inside the filament; b) destroyed clusters, where almost no stars are left inside the filament, and there is no surviving bound cluster; c) ejected clusters, that leave almost no particles in the filament, since the cluster leaves the gas filament; and d) transition clusters, corresponding to those clusters that remain in the filament, but that lose a significant fraction of particles due to ejections induced by filament oscillation. Our numerical investigation predicts that the Orion Nebula Cluster is in the process of being ejected, after which it will most likely disperse into the field. This scenario is consistent with observations which indicate that the Orion Nebula Cluster is expanding, and somewhat displaced from the Integral Shaped Filament ridgeline.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figure

Encapsulation of gold nanostructures and oil-in-water nanocarriers in microgels with biomedical potential

Indexación: Scopus.Funding: This research was funded by FONDECYT 1161450, 1150744, 11130494 and 1170929, FONDEQUIP EQM160157, EQM170111, CONICYT-FONDAP 15130011, and CONICYT PhD Scholarship 21141137.Here we report the incorporation of gold nanostructures (nanospheres or nanorods, functionalized with carboxylate-end PEG) and curcumin oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (CurNem) into alginate microgels using the dripping technique. While gold nanostructures are promising nanomaterials for photothermal therapy applications, CurNem possess important pharmacological activities as reported here. In this sense, we evaluated the effect of CurNem on cell viability of both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines (AGS and HEK293T, respectively), demonstrating preferential toxicity in cancer cells and safety for the non-cancerous cells. After incorporating gold nanostructures and CurNem together into the microgels, microstructures with diameters of 220 and 540 µm were obtained. When stimulating microgels with a laser, the plasmon effect promoted a significant rise in the temperature of the medium; the temperature increase was higher for those containing gold nanorods (11–12 ◦ C) than nanospheres (1–2 ◦ C). Interestingly, the incorporation of both nanosystems in the microgels maintains the photothermal properties of the gold nanostructures unmodified and retains with high efficiency the curcumin nanocarriers. We conclude that these results will be of interest to design hydrogel formulations with therapeutic applications. © 2018 by the authors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/5/120

Emergent dynamics of fast ripples in the epileptic hippocampus

Fast ripples are a type of transient high-frequency oscillations recorded from the epileptogenic regions of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex of epileptic humans and rodents. These events presumably reflect hypersynchronous bursting of pyramidal cells. However, the oscillatory spectral content of fast ripples varies from 250 to 800 Hz, well above the maximal firing frequency of most hippocampal pyramidal neurons. How such high-frequency oscillations are generated is therefore unclear. Here, we combine computational simulations of fast ripples with multisite and juxtacellular recordings in vivo to examine the underlying mechanisms in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. We show that populations of bursting cells firing individually at 100-400 Hz can create fast ripples according to two main firing regimes: (1) in-phase synchronous firing resulting in >pure> fast ripples characterized by single spectral peaks that reflect single-cell behavior and (2) out-of-phase firing that results in >emergent> fast ripples. Using simulations, we found that fast ripples generated under these two different regimes can be quantitatively separated by their spectral characteristics, and we took advantage of this separability to examine their dynamics in vivo.We found that in-phase firing can reach frequencies up to 300 Hz in the CA1and up to 400Hzin the dentate gyrus. The organization of out-of-phase firing is determined by firing delays between cells discharging at low frequencies. The two firing regimes compete dynamically, alternating randomly from one fast ripple event to the next, and they reflect the functional dynamic organization of the different regions of the hippocampus. Copyright © 2010 the authors.Peer Reviewe

Phytase-producing Bacillus sp. inoculation increases phosphorus availability in cattle manure

Organic wastes rich in phosphorus (P) are considered an alternative to decrease the dependence on chemical P fertilization in crops and pastures. Microbial inoculants are being studied as a tool to increase plant P availability in organic wastes. In this study, we explore the effect of inoculation with Bacillus sp. MQH-19 (a native phytase-producing bacterium) on the release of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in cattle manure with low available P but a high total P content. Bacteria inoculation resulted in a higher release of Pi (8% in NaHCÜ3 and 13% in NaOH-EDTA extracts) compared with that of uninoculated manure (0.7% in NaHCÜ3 and 0.1% in NaOH-EDTA extracts). However, a greater amount of Pi was released in inoculated manure supplemented with phytate (47% in NaHCÜ3 and 117% in NaOH-EDTA extracts) compared with that of uninoculated manure supplemented with phytate (30% in NaHCÜ3 and 15% in NaOH-EDTA extracts). In addition, the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that the bacterial community structure in manure was affected by inoculation and that the prevalence of Bacillus sp. MQH-19 decreased during incubation (6 days). This study demonstrates that Pi availability in cattle manure can be increased by phytase-producing bacteria inoculation. Phytase-producing bacteria inoculation might represent an attractive strategy to increase P availability in agricultural wastes, which are used as organic fertilizers in crops and pastures

Color and gloss evaluation in decorative stain applied to cases of Pinus radiata wood treated with copper azole micronized Type C

Six treatments (one control and five decoration coatings) were applied to radiata pine wood treated with micronized copper azole for outdoor use at a rate of 3,08 kg/m3 retention. One decoration coating was applied prior to impregnation, prestain and two decoration coatings were applied in a mixture with the micronized copper azole preservative Black Cylinder and Red Cylinder. The following two varnishes were tested: a water-based varnish and a solvent-based varnish.Additionally, untreated radiata pine specimens were tested as a reference. The changes in the gloss and color of these five decorative coatings were evaluated after undergoing natural aging tests for three months and accelerated aging trials during exposure to ultra-violet radiation of 340 nm for 500 hours. In the accelerated aging trials treatments, changes in gloss and color showed the lowest variations in treatment trials prestain and Black Cylinder and the highest variations in treatment trial Red Cylinder. In the aging tests trials, changes in gloss and color showed the lowest variations in treatment trials prestain and Black Cylinder. The costs of each decorative coating were assessed in terms of performance according to timber volume coated. The lowest cost of the three decoration treatments was prestain, with a value of 16 US$/m3, followed by Black Cylinder with a value of 24 US$/m3. Compared with the alternative siding products available in the market, such as fiber cement and vinyl siding, colored wood treated with prestain is competitive with vinyl siding, with 58% lower costs than fiber-cement