Celebration of the Periodic Table of the Elements at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. A Chemistry Symposium Sublime Generalization: Discovery of The Periodic Law

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Time-Resolved Luminescence from Two-Dimensional Electrons in High Magnetic Fields: A Tool for Studying the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

Time-resolved magnetoluminescence investigations of specially doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures allow the study of the electronic properties of two-dimensional electrons. The interactions of the two-dimensional electrons lead in high magnetic fields to the fractional quantum Hall effect. By analyzing the mean energy of the recombination line observed in the luminescence spectrum, the electronic properties of the fractional quantized states can be deduced. For negligible interaction between the charged acceptors and the interacting electron system, the derivative of the mean energy versus filling factor allows to obtain the jump of the chemical potential in crossing a fractional filling factor. From these jumps, the gaps in the excitation spectrum are deduced for different fractional filling factors and the hierarchy of the fractional quantum Hall effect is studied

Magneto-optical confirmation of Landau level splitting in a GaN/AlGaN 2DEG grown on bulk GaN

Landau level splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in an ultrapure GaN/AlGaN heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bulk GaN is verified spectroscopically. The Landau level fan reconstructed from magneto-photoluminescence (PL) data yields an effective mass of 0.24m₀ for the 2D electrons. Narrow excitonic PL line widths < 100 μeV, an atomically flat surface of the layer stack, as well as the absence of the 2DEG in the dark environment, are important ancillary experimental findings while focusing on magneto-PL investigations of the heterostructure. Simultaneously recorded Shubnikov-de Haas and magneto-PL intensity oscillations under steady UV illumination exhibit an identical frequency and allow for two independent ways of determining the 2D density

2,2′-Dihydroxybiphenyl-3,3′-di­carb­aldehyde dioxime

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H12N2O4, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre situated at the mid-point of the C—C intra-annular bond. The mol­ecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings being 50.1 (1)°. The oxime group is in an E position with respect to the –OH group and forms an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into chains propagating along [001]. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular stacking inter­actions between the rings [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.93 (1) Å], resulting in layers parallel to the bc plane

Проблемы и направления совершенствования учета и статистики продукции химического комплекса

Chemical industry (chemical complex) is the basic segment of industrial production of Russia and is one of the leading fields of activities in world’s advanced economies. The evaluation of development trends of the country’s chemical complex, analysis and forecasting of various segments of the chemical production market necessitates the improvement of collection and accumulation of necessary information. The authors generalized foreign experience of empirical research on key development trends in the chemical industry. This article presents ways to better the statistical monitoring system of the chemical industry sector in Russia (on the example of certain types of activity of the chemical complex, such as the production of plastic products, chemical fibers and threads), which is viewed as a kind of statistical survey. In the final part of the article there are the authors’ proposals for the improvement of statistics (in part of the chemical complex statistics - the industrial production segment). Among them: the specification of individual sections of the Russian Classification and accounting of certain types of chemical products in accordance with international standards, restoring the reporting practice for indicators of the state of fixed assets.Химический комплекс является базовым сегментом промышленного производства России и входит в состав ведущих сфер деятельности в развитых странах мира. Дана оценка тенденций развития химического комплекса страны, анализ и прогнозирование различных сегментов рынка продукции химического производства обусловливает необходимость совершенствования сбора и накопления необходимой информации. Авторами обобщен зарубежный опыт эмпирических исследований основных тенденций развития химической индустрии. Обозначены направления совершенствования отечественной системы статистического мониторинга химического комплекса (на примере отдельных видов деятельности химического комплекса - производства изделий из пластмасс, химических волокон и нитей) как разновидности статистического наблюдения. Сформулированные предложения по модернизации статистики (в части статистики химического комплекса - сегмента промышленного производства) представлены в заключительной части статьи. Среди них: детализация отдельных разделов Общероссийского классификатора видов экономической деятельности и учет некоторых видов химической продукции в соответствии с международными стандартами, восстановление отечественной практики учета показателей состояния основных фондов

Diagnosis and rational treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an interdisciplinary expert consensus

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairing well-being, quality of life and functioning of patients. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the Russian Federation ranges from 0.1% to 67.2% in type 1 and from 0.1 to 42.4% in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, based on the large-scale epidemiological studies, the true prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is much higher (50 to 70%), with its painful variant occurring in 16% to 30% of patients. Despite the fact that diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis and therapy leave much to be desired. To optimize diagnostic and treatment approaches to painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a group of experts representing the leading Russian professional medical associations has developed clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and rational therapy of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This document presents practical aspects of the clinical diagnosis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and an algorithm for differential diagnosis of pain in the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of symptomatic analgesics with central action, such as anticonvulsants, antidepressants and opioids, is based on the main aspects of neuropathic pain pathophysiology. The characteristics of each drug class are given, with consideration of evidence on their efficacy, tolerability, and the possibility of combination therapy. The data on the first, second, and third lines of agents is presented in accordance with several international clinical guidelines. The need for a tailored drug choice, taking into account the evidence-based data on their efficacy and safety, concomitant drug therapy, tolerability, cost and preferences of the patient, age of the patient and concomitant disorders, is emphasized

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture

First results from recent JET experiments in Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Deuterium plasmas

The hydrogen campaign completed at JET in 2016 has demonstrated isotope ratio control in JET-ILW using gas puffing and pellets for fuelling, Neutral Beam Injection alone or in combination, with D/H spectroscopy as a diagnostic. The plasma properties such as confinement, L-H threshold, density limit depend on the isotope composition. The L-H transition power increases with the hydrogen concentration with a wide plateau in the range 0.2<nH/(nD+nH)<0.8. Energy confinement is significantly lower in hydrogen than in comparable deuterium ELMy H-mode plasmas, suggesting an isotope mass scaling that is stronger than in IPB98(y,2). In L-mode, the isotope dependence of confinement is weaker. The H-mode density limit in hydrogen is up to 35% lower than in heuterium, whilst it is found to be higher in L-mode. The lower ion mass leads to reduced tungsten sputtering in hydrogen plasmas. During the campaign, the nD/(nD+nH) ratio dropped to ~1% in only a few discharges after the last deliberate introduction of deuterium, although it was seen to rise again to ~2% with several seconds of exposure of the divertor tiles to ~10MW of auxiliary heating. Several ICRH scenarios were also tested in hydrogen plasmas

Comparative analysis of the construction solution variants for flat arch coverings of buildings

Arch structures of long span buildings’ coverings are more beneficial in respect to material expenses, than beam and frame systems. Constructive schemes of roof frameworks of arch coverings are diverse, which means their operation under loading differs much. The authors offer a number of construction solutions for flat arch coverings of long span buildings. The comparative analysis of these construction solutions is presented. The operation of radial link arch is observed. The arch consists of discontinuous top chord and radial bowstring under the single load (uniformly distributed and concentrated in nods) with different spans and rises. The problem of radial link arch optimization is solved in dependence with arising forces and rise. The optimal camber of arch was found. In further works the authors plan to analyze spans more than 36 meters and solve the problem in case of asymmetrical loadings

Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Main Porcine Infectious Pathogens in Wild Boars in Some Regions of Russia

Results of testing 107 serum samples from wild boars (Sus scrofa L., 1758) for thepresence of antibodies to six economically significant porcine infectious disease agents (porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), swine influenza virus(SIV) of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV), porcine transmissiblegastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) are presented in the paper. Wild boarwere sampled in seven regions of Russia for diagnostic purposes. The obtained results showed thepresence of antibodies to ADV in 32.5% of samples (83/27), to PPV – in 62% of samples (92/57), toMycoplasma hyopneumoniae – in 52% of samples (98/51). All samples were seronegative to PRRSvirus (107/0), TGEV (91/0) and SIV of H1N1 (89/0) and H3N2 (58/0) subtypes. The researchesdemonstrated the extensive circulation of porcine parvovirus, Aujeszky’s disease virus andMycoplasma hyopneumoniae among Wild boar in some regions of Russia