83 research outputs found
A case of lung abscess successfully treated by transbronchial drainage using a guide sheath
A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with colon cancer in September 2011, and a solitary pulmonary nodule was detected by computed tomography (CT) scan. We performed a transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath (GS) and diagnosed lung metastasis of colon cancer. The patient experienced remittent fever after the biopsy in spite of intravenous antibiotic therapies. Moreover, his CT scan showed a large lung abscess at the biopsy site. We performed transbronchial drainage using a GS as salvage therapy. The bloody pus was successfully aspirated, and chest X-ray following the procedure showed dramatic shrinkage of the abscess
Effect of Asian dust on pulmonary function in adult asthma patients in western Japan: A panel study
AbstractBackgroundAsian dust (AD) has become a major health concern. The concentration of AD is typically expressed in particulate matter less than 10Β ΞΌm (PM10) and 2.5Β ΞΌm (PM2.5). However, PM10 and PM2.5 consist of various substances besides AD. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems can selectively measure the quantity of AD particles to distinguish non-spherical airborne particles from spherical airborne particles. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function in adult asthma patients and AD using LIDAR data.MethodsSubjects were 231 adult asthma patients who had their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured from March to May 2012. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association of PEF with sand dust particles detected by LIDAR.ResultsIncreases in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018Β kmβ1) led to changes in PEF ofΒ β0.42Β L/min (95% confidence interval [CI],Β β0.85 to 0.01). An increase of 11.8Β ΞΌg/m3 in suspended particulate matter and 6.9Β ΞΌg/m3 in PM2.5 led to decreases ofΒ β0.17Β L/min (β0.53 to 0.21) and 0.03Β L/min (β0.35 to 0.42), respectively. A heavy AD day was defined as a day with a level of AD particles >0.032Β kmβ1, which was the average plus one standard deviation during the study period, and six heavy AD days were identified. Change in PEF after a heavy AD day wasΒ β0.97Β L/min (β1.90 toΒ β0.04).ConclusionsHeavy exposure to AD particles was significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function in adult asthma patients
Early Intensive Nutrition Intervention with Dietary Counseling and Oral Nutrition Supplement Prevents Weight Loss in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Clinical Prospective Study
γBackgroundγ Weight loss in patients with cancer is caused by cancer cachexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Recent developments in antiemetic drugs have substantially improved CINV, but nutritional intervention did not improve body weight. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrition intervention with appropriate antiemetic treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer during chemotherapy. γMethodsγ Patients received individualized nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian and were provided with oral supplements for 90 days. Body weight and other parameters were measured at baseline and after 90-day intervention. To evaluate this nutrition intervention, patients were also retrospectively set as control, and then body weight change was compared with inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) analysis. γResultsγ Ten patients received individualized nutrition counseling and were provided with oral supplements for 90 days. Of them, 7 patients consumed nutritional supplements, and the mean intake was 130 kcal/day. After 90-day intervention, the patients did not show significant weight and BMI loss during the course of cytotoxic chemotherapy. A total of 38 patients were retrospectively enrolled as controls. The number of the patients who gain the body weight after 90 days in the study cohort was significantly larger than that in the retrospective controls with the IPTW analysis (Odds Ratio (OR) = 8.4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.6-42; P = 0.01). γConclusionγ Early intensive nutrition intervention with appropriate antiemetic treatment prevents weight loss. Nutrition interventions might be also beneficial for quality of life, treatment response and survival
COPD is frequent in conditions of comorbidity in patients treated with various diseases in a university hospital
Rho-associated kinase signalling and the cancer microenvironment: novel biological implications and therapeutic opportunities
A nocturnal decline of salivary pH associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma
Salivary pH is associated with esophageal acid reflux and neutralization of
esophageal acid. In this study, we assessed the association between nocturnal decline of
salivary pH and airway hyperresponsiveness. Salivary pH was serially assessed in 9 patients
with mild asthma (7 men and 2 women ;mean age 33.3 years ;mean %predicted
FEV1.0 89.4%) and 10 healthy volunteers (6 men and 4 women ; mean age 31.2 years) using
a pH indicator tape. The buffering capacity of saliva was defined as the median effective
dose (ED50) for acidification of saliva with 0.01 N HCl, and airway responsiveness was
defined as the dose of methacholine producing a 35% fall in Grs (PD35-Grs). There was a
significant correlation between the values obtained from the pH indicator tape and those
obtained from the electrometric pH meter. Using the indicator tape for sequential monitoring,
we observed a nocturnal fall (pH) in salivary pH in all subjects. A significant correlation
was found between airway hyperresponsiveness (PD35-Grs) and eitherpH or ED50
in mildly asthmatic patients. Vagal reflux dysfunction might contribute to nocturnal
salivary pH as well as to airway hyperresponsiveness in mild asthmatics
Positive Predictive Value of True Bacteremia according to the Number of Positive Culture Sets in Adult Patients
DNA-PK Inhibition by NU7441 Enhances Chemosensitivity to Topoisomerase Inhibitor in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells by Blocking DNA Damage Repair
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem, and current therapy for COPD is poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. Imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant balance caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g. NF-ΞΊB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-ΞΊB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervening COPD
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