Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as facial nerve palsy and facial pain

Facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has rarely been reported. We experienced a rare case of temporal bone metastasis of HCC that initially presented as facial nerve palsy and was diagnosed by surgical biopsy. This patient also discovered for the first time that he had chronic hepatitis B and C infections due to this facial nerve palsy. Radiation therapy greatly relieved the facial pain and facial nerve palsy. This report suggests that hepatologists should consider metastatic HCC as a rare but possible cause of new-onset cranial neuropathy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Aberrant Development of Functional Connectivity among Resting State-Related Functional Networks in Medication-Naïve ADHD Children

<div><p>Objective</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the compromised developmental trajectory of the functional connectivity among resting-state-related functional networks (RSFNs) in medication-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p>Subjects and Methods</p><p>Using both independent component analysis and dual regression, subject-specific time courses of 12 RSFNs were extracted from both 20 medication-naïve children with ADHD, and 20 age and gender-matched control children showing typical development (TDC). Both partial correlation coefficients among the 12 RSFNs and a resting-state resource allocation index (rsRAI) of the salience network (SN) were entered into multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the compromised, age-related change in medication-naïve ADHD children. Finally, correlation analyses were performed between the compromised RSFN connections showing significant group-by-age interaction and rsRAI of SN or clinical variables.</p><p>Results</p><p>Medication-naïve ADHD subjects failed to show age-related increment of functional connectivity in both rsRAI of SN and two RSFN connections, SN-Sensory/motor and posterior default mode/precuneus network (pDMN/prec) – anterior DMN. Lower SN-Sensory/motor connectivity was related with higher scores on the ADHD Rating Scale, and with poor scores on the continuous performance test. The pDMN/prec-aDMN connectivity was positively related with rsRAI of SN.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our results suggest that medication-naïve ADHD subjects may have delayed maturation of the two functional connections, SN-Sensory/Motor and aDMN-pDMN/prec. Interventions that enhance the functional connectivity of these two connections may merit attention as potential therapeutic or preventive options in both ADHD and TDC.</p></div

Summary of the result of regression analysis of resource allocation index in resting state (rsRAIs) showing a significant group-by-age interaction.

<p>SE: standard error, CI: confidence interval estimated with bootstrapping (type = BCa: bias-corrected, accelerated confidence intervals <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083516#pone.0083516-Efron1" target="_blank">[54]</a>);</p><p>Bonferroni corrected P<0.0125; rFP-SN-pDMN/prec: Regression: F = 3.14, df = 5, p = 0.02; Residual: df = 34, SE = 0.38; Multiple R-squared: 0.31, Adjusted R-squared: 0.21; lFP-SN-pDMN/prec: Regression: F = 4.76, df = 5, p = 0.002; Residual: df = 34, SE = 0.37; Multiple R-squared: 0.41, Adjusted R-squared: 0.33.</p

Twelve spatially independent resting-state-related functional networks (RSFNs).

<p>From left-upper to right-lower part: RSFN1: Frontal; RSFN2: Sensory/motor; RSFN3: Salience (SN, Ventral attentional); RSFN4: Right central executive (rCEN); RSFN5: Left central executive network (lCEN); RSFN6: Dorsal attentional (dAtt); RSFN7: V1; RSFN8: V1/V2; RSFN9: Extrastriate; RSFN10: a temporooccipital part of posterior DMN (pDMN/TO); RSFN11: a precuneus part of Posterior default mode (pDMN/prec); RSFN12: Anterior default mode (aDMN). Radiologic orientation (left is right). MNI coordinates of RSFNs were presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083516#pone.0083516.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Added-variable (partial regression) plots between age and the functional connectivities.

<p>To present the age-by-group interaction, the plots from each group were overlayed. Left: Relationship between age and SN-sensory/motor networks after having adjusted the effect of group, IQ, gender and age. Right: Relationship between age and pDMN/prec – aDMN connectivity after having adjusted the effect of group, IQ, gender, age, IQ by gender and gender by age (right). PC = Partial correlation coefficient, Blue line = ADHD, Red line = TDC.</p

Subject Characteristics.

<p>P<.05,</p><p>P<.001.</p