Arquitectura de PLM sostenibles en proyectos de ingeniería

Las organizaciones deben llevar a cabo una correcta gestión de la sostenibilidad en sus proyectos. Esta situación incorpora una gran complejidad a su ciclo de vida y un aumento en el volumen de información relativa al proyecto. Por lo que los sistemas PLM (o gestión del ciclo de vida del producto) son una opción adecuada de diseño y desarrollo de proyectos sostenibles y una posible solución en la reducción de la complejidad de gestión de la información. Actualmente los gestores PLM desarrollados ponen a disposición de los diferentes departamentos e interesados (stakeholders) de las organizaciones, toda la información del producto o proyecto en cualquier fase de su ciclo de vida, aunque si analizamos las soluciones en detalle (tanto comerciales como planteadas en la comunidad científica) no existe una herramienta que gestione la sostenibilidad de forma integral y eficiente. Por esta situación en el presente trabajo se identifica y formula una arquitectura de PLM sostenible para la gestión de proyectos en ingeniería, bajo estrategias de gestión de datos que permitan a las empresas identificar los requerimientos de información relevantes para la sostenibilidad del sistema, estableciendo la integración de la información desde la perspectiva de la triple-E (económica, ecológica y social).Organisations must carry out the management of sustainability in their projects in the best efficient way. This situation incorporates a great complexity to the life cycle project and increases the volume of information. For this aspects, PLM system (Product Lifecycle Management) are an appropriate choice of design and development process for sustainable projects and a possible solution to reduce the complexity of managing information. Currently PLM system make available all necessary information to the different departments and stakeholders of organisations. But if we analyse the real solutions in detail (both commercial and model which have been developed in the scientific community) there is any tool to manage the sustainability in a comprehensive and efficient way. For this situation in this paper a PLM architecture for sustainability is developed to carry out sustainable engineering projects under strategies of data management. This PLM Architecture can help companies to identify requirements, organise, distribute and manage all relevant information, thought the perspective of the triple-Bottom line (economic, ecological and social

Diseño experiencial ergocromático para proyectos industriales

El entorno construido ha sido creado para dar soporte a las actividades implicadas en el desarrollo humano. Mejora la habitabilidad sobre el planeta a través de construcciones industriales y urbanas con el objetivo de eliminar las dificultades presentes por la adaptación del ser humano al entorno natural. Una de las características del diseño óptimo de ambientes construidos son las dimensiones del confort (física, psicológica y sociocultural) controladas a través de los factores ambientales como son iluminación, cromatismo, ambiente sonoro o variables termohigrométricas. Todos ellos afectan al bienestar y satisfacción de las personas (bien sean usuarios, o en ambientes laborales trabajadores o clientes). En el presente trabajo se propone una metodología para el diseño experiencial ergocromático del entorno construido de ambientes industriales, incluyendo el espacio de trabajo, de forma que al integrar la dimensión cromática conducida desde el diseño de experiencias, posibilite la fruición y confort de los usuarios. Se pretende incorporar una nueva dimensión en los proyectos de ambientes industriales, teniendo en cuenta aspectos no exclusivamente tecnológicos, sino considerando en la fase de conceptualización, una vertiente de diseño industrial que propicie una mayor armonía entre persona y ambiente a través de la gestión de los aspectos cromáticos del entorno.The built environment has been created to support the activities involved in human development. Industrial and urban construction eliminate the difficulties in the human adaptation to the natural environment and they improve the habitability of the planet. One of the characteristics of the optimal design of built environments are the dimensions of comfort (physical, psychological and sociocultural). They are controlled by environmental factors such as light, colours, noise or thermohigrometric variables. All these affect the welfare and satisfaction people (users or workers and clients in work environments). In this paper a methodology for Experiential ergo-chromatic design of industrial environments is proposed. The methodology integrates the chromatic dimension through experience design to achieve the user comfort. This is a new dimension for industrial projects where is essential to take into account not only technological factors but also the aspects and characteristics for encouraging the harmony between people and the environment through the management of environmental chromatic aspectst

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study

© 2023Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug–gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug–gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug–gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54–0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61–0·79]; p <0·0001). Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. Funding: European Union Horizon 2020