Biopeliculas bacterianas em feridas crónicas

In the last decades, the study of bacterial biofilms has become relevant due to its significance in the development of chronic infections. Chronic wounds constitute a disease that holds great interest for health care. It is estimated that bacterial biofilms are present in 60% of chronic wounds as opposed to acute wounds in which the presence of bacterial biofilms is 20%. Chronic wounds account for 1% to 2% of all injuries worldwide but socioeconomic and emotional burden plays a major role in healing costs; traditional treatments and severe complications such limb amputations. The aim of the present review article is to provide relevant information on the concept of bacterial biofilms, its implication in the development of chronic wounds, its diagnosis and prospective treatments.En las últimas tres décadas, el estudio de las biopelículas bacterianas ha tomado gran relevancia gracias a su identificación como uno de los fac-tores más importantes en el desarrollo de infecciones crónicas. Una de las patologías de mayor interés en el área de la salud, y de la cual se ha logrado profundizar en mayor medida, corresponde a las heridas crónicas, en donde se estima que las biopelículas bacterianas están presentes en el 60%, comparadas con las heridas agudas en donde se presentan solo en el 20%.Las heridas crónicas representan el 1-2% de todas las heridas a nivel mundial, pero la carga socioeconómica y emocional que generan, re-percute notablemente debido a los costos en curaciones, tratamientos convencionales y en complicaciones tan graves como las amputaciones de extremidades. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es proporcionar información relevante sobre el concepto de las biopelículas bacterianas, su implicación en el desarrollo de heridas crónicas, el diagnóstico y los posibles tratamientosAo longo das últimas três décadas, o estudo das biopeliculas bacterianas tem tido grande relevância pela identificação de um dos fatores mais importantes no desenvolvimento de infeções crónicas. Uma das patologias de maior interesse na área da saúde, são as feridas crónicas, as biopeliculas bacterianas estão presentes em aproximadamente 60% (enquanto nas feridas agudas só se apresentam em aproximadamente 20% dos casos). Embora mundialmente as feridas crônicas representam entre 1 e 2% do total das feridas, a carga emocional e econômica que elas implicam, tem grande repercussão, chegando nos piores casos à amputação. O objetivo do presente artigo é proporcionar informação clara a respeito deste tema

Genomic diversity of burkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Colombia

We report an analysis of the genomic diversity of isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis, recovered in Colombia from routine surveillance during 2016–2017. B. pseudomallei appears genetically diverse, suggesting it is well established and has spread across the region

A Pathogenic Mechanism in Huntington's Disease Involves Small CAG-Repeated RNAs with Neurotoxic Activity

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The abnormally extended polyglutamine in the HTT protein encoded by the CAG repeats has toxic effects. Here, we provide evidence to support that the mutant HTT CAG repeats interfere with cell viability at the RNA level. In human neuronal cells, expanded HTT exon-1 mRNA with CAG repeat lengths above the threshold for complete penetrance (40 or greater) induced cell death and increased levels of small CAG-repeated RNAs (sCAGs), of ≈21 nucleotides in a Dicer-dependent manner. The severity of the toxic effect of HTT mRNA and sCAG generation correlated with CAG expansion length. Small RNAs obtained from cells expressing mutant HTT and from HD human brains significantly decreased neuronal viability, in an Ago2-dependent mechanism. In both cases, the use of anti-miRs specific for sCAGs efficiently blocked the toxic effect, supporting a key role of sCAGs in HTT-mediated toxicity. Luciferase-reporter assays showed that expanded HTT silences the expression of CTG-containing genes that are down-regulated in HD. These results suggest a possible link between HD and sCAG expression with an aberrant activation of the siRNA/miRNA gene silencing machinery, which may trigger a detrimental response. The identification of the specific cellular processes affected by sCAGs may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HD, offering opportunities to develop new therapeutic approaches

Towards precision medicine: defining and characterizing adipose tissue dysfunction to identify early immunometabolic risk in symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study

Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic low-grade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders

MASTREE+: Time-series of plant reproductive effort from six continents.

Significant gaps remain in understanding the response of plant reproduction to environmental change. This is partly because measuring reproduction in long-lived plants requires direct observation over many years and such datasets have rarely been made publicly available. Here we introduce MASTREE+, a data set that collates reproductive time-series data from across the globe and makes these data freely available to the community. MASTREE+ includes 73,828 georeferenced observations of annual reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit counts) in perennial plant populations worldwide. These observations consist of 5971 population-level time-series from 974 species in 66 countries. The mean and median time-series length is 12.4 and 10 years respectively, and the data set includes 1122 series that extend over at least two decades (≥20 years of observations). For a subset of well-studied species, MASTREE+ includes extensive replication of time-series across geographical and climatic gradients. Here we describe the open-access data set, available as a.csv file, and we introduce an associated web-based app for data exploration. MASTREE+ will provide the basis for improved understanding of the response of long-lived plant reproduction to environmental change. Additionally, MASTREE+ will enable investigation of the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in perennial plants, and the role of plant reproduction as a driver of ecosystem dynamics

EVALUACIÓN POR MÉTODO ECOMÉTRICO DE AGAR OBTENIDO DE ALGAS ROJAS COLOMBIANAS

La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la productividad del agar-agar obtenido a nivel de laboratorio de dos especies de algas rojas del género Gracilaria provenientes de la costa Caribe de Colombia (G. cylindrica y G. mammillaris). La productividad del medio de cultivo elaborado con base agar - agar se determinó utilizando el método ecométrico con 20 especies bacterianas diferentes. Los valores del índice de crecimiento absoluto (ICA) e índice de crecimiento relativo (ICR) obtenidos mostraron que el agar base Gracilaria mammillaris y Gracilaria cylindrica son igualmente productivos, con lo cual se demuestra que ambas especies se pueden utilizar en la producción de agar

EVALUACIÓN POR MÉTODO ECOMÉTRICO DE AGAR OBTENIDO DE ALGAS ROJAS COLOMBIANAS

La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la productividad del agar-agar obtenido a nivel de laboratorio de dos especies de algas rojas del género Gracilaria provenientes de la costa Caribe de Colombia (G. cylindrica y G. mammillaris). La productividad del medio de cultivo elaborado con base agar - agar se determinó utilizando el método ecométrico con 20 especies bacterianas diferentes. Los valores del índice de crecimiento absoluto (ICA) e índice de crecimiento relativo (ICR) obtenidos mostraron que el agar base Gracilaria mammillaris y Gracilaria cylindrica son igualmente productivos, con lo cual se demuestra que ambas especies se pueden utilizar en la producción de agar